Efectos de los frios de febrero de 1956 sobre la vegetacion

A un mes de enero anormalmente templado, durante el cual en las comarcas próximas a Barcelona había principiado ya la brotación primaveral de muchas especies, sucedió, entre los días 2 y 23 de febrero, un período de fríos excepcionales, en que el termómetro descendió por debajo del punto de congelación durante muchas noches consecutivas. He aquí algunos de los datos obtenidos por el Observatorio Meteorológico de Barcelona (Travessera de Dalt) y publicados en el Boletín de Estadística Municipal

Sobre algunas plantas aloctonas

Los comentarios que siguen tienen su origen en una nota que redactamos en 1966 y que en principio debía haberse publicado en breve plazo la cual comprendía algunas consideraciones sobre Picea abies, Abutilón teophrasti, Impatiens balfourii, Citrullus colocynthis, Lonicera japónica y, particularmente, sobre Bidens áurea, especie de origen americano que descubrimos en Barcelona en 1963 y acerca de la cual M. CALDUCH dio noticia en 1973.

Espècies fitoparàsites de la Família Esferopsidàcies a Catalunya

L'anàlisi fitosanitària d'unes 40 especies de plantes precedents de diferents localitats de Catalunya, ens ha permès de detectar la presencia de mes de 40 especies de la Fam. Esferopsidàcies que pertanyen a 13 generes. Entre els patrons figuren algunas especies de fongs com Oidium ambrosiae, O. erysiphoides, Uromyces geranii, U. striatus i Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae, que a la vegada son parasitades per altres fongs d'aquesta familia. Cal precisar que si bë algunes d¿aquestes especies han estat citades per nosaltres (Fongs Imperfects paràsits de les plantes a Catalunya, Quaderns Agraris nº 1) algunes altres, com s'indica en la publicació abans esmentada, són noves per Catalunya.

Spatiotemporal variability in radial growth of trees in the Central Pyrenees: climatic and site influences.

To understand how tree growth has responded to recent climate warming, an understanding of the tree-climate-site complex is necessary. To achieve this, radial growth variability among 204 trees established before 1850 was studied in relation to both climatic and site factors. Seventeen forest stands were sampled in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. Three species were studied: Pinus uncinata, Abies alba, and Pinus sylvestris. For each tree, a ring-width residual chronology was built. All trees cross-dated well, indicating a common influence of the regional climate. For the 1952-1993 period, the radial growth of all species, especially P. uncinata, was positively correlated with warm Novembers during the year before ring formation and warm Mays of the year the annual ring formed. Differences in species-stand elevation modulated the growth-climate associations. Radial growth in P. uncinata at high elevation sites was reduced when May temperatures were colder and May precipitation more abundant. In the 20th century, two contrasting periods in radial growth were observed: one (1900-1949) with low frequency of narrow and wide rings, low mean annual sensitivity, and low common growth variation; and another (1950-1994) with the reverse characteristics. The increased variability in radial growth since the 1950s was observed for all species and sites, which suggests a climatic cause. The low shared variance among tree chronologies during the first half of the 20th century may result from a"relaxation" of the elevation gradient, allowing local site conditions to dominate macroclimatic influence. These temporal trends may be related to the recently reported increase of climatic variability and warmer conditions. This study emphasizes the need to carefully assess the relationships between radial growth and site conditions along ecological gradients to improve dendroclimatic reconstructions.

Recherches phytosociologiques dans l'Ile de Majorque

H . KNOCHE, en 1923, a publié une importante étude sur ia flore et la végétation des îles Baléares. Ce travail, surtout ftoristique, comporte de longs développements concernant les endémiques et leurs affinités floristiques, ainsi que des considérations relatives à l'histoire de la flore baléarique. Un chapitre à vrai dire assez confus consacré à l'étude des groupements végétaux, est heureusement accompagné d'une carte géobotanique de l'île de Majorque sur laquelle sont figurées les formations physionomiques distinguées par l'auteur : garrigues, bois de Pin d'Alep, bois de Chêne vert, zones des endémiques baléariques, cultures diverses.

Combinationes novae

Ranunculus Balbisii Moris subsp. Weyleri (Mares et Vig.) comb, nova ( = Ranunculus Weyleri Mares et Vigineix, Catalogue raisonne des plantes vasculaires des lies Baleares : 5, Paris 1880).

Contribucio al coneixement de les algues epifitiques en llacunes litorals

Es presenten els resultats sobre les algues epifítiques d'hidròfits i helòfits en llacunes litorals. En general, les poblacions d'algues son forca diversificades, destacant el grup de les diatomees, seguides de lluny per les clorofícies y les cianofícies. En general totes les plantes aquàtiques es troben forca epifitades. No obstant, les tiges de Phragmites australis presenten unes poblacions d'algues epifítiques molt importants, que es troben dominades per Cladophora glomerata v. crassior o Rhizoclonium riparium, acompanyades per un gran nombre d'espècies subordinades.

Metabolic origin of δ15N values in nitrogenous compounds from Brassica napus L. leaves

Nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in plant organic matter is currently used as a natural tracer of nitrogen acquisition efficiency. However, the δ15N value of whole leaf material does not properly reflect the way in which N is assimilated because isotope fractionations along metabolic reactions may cause substantial differences among leaf compounds. In other words, any change in metabolic composition or allocation pattern may cause undesirable variability in leaf δ15N. Here, we investigated the δ15N in different leaf fractions and individual metabolites from rapeseed (Brassica napus) leaves. We show that there were substantial differences in δ15N between nitrogenous compounds (up to 30 ) and the content in (15N enriched) nitrate had a clear influence on leaf δ15N. Using a simple steady-state model of day metabolism, we suggest that the δ15N value in major amino acids was mostly explained by isotope fractionation associated with isotope effects on enzyme-catalysed reactions in primary nitrogen metabolism. δ15N values were further influenced by light versus dark conditions and the probable occurrence of alternative biosynthetic pathways. We conclude that both biochemical pathways (that fractionate between isotopes) and nitrogen sources (used for amino acid production) should be considered when interpreting the δ15N value of leaf nitrogenous compounds

Does ear C sink strength contributes to the overcoming of photosynthetic acclimation of wheat plants exposed to elevated CO2?

Wheat plants (Triticum durum Desf., cv. Regallo) were grown in the field to study the effects of contrasting [CO2] conditions (700 versus 370 μmol mol−1) on growth, photosynthetic performance, and C management during the post-anthesis period. The aim was to test whether a restricted capacity of sink organs to utilize photosynthates drives a loss of photosynthetic capacity in elevated CO2. The ambient 13C/12C isotopic composition (δ13C) of air CO2 was changed from-10.2 in ambient [CO2] to-23.6 under elevated [CO2] between the 7th and the 14th days after anthesis in order to study C assimilation and partitioning between leaves and ears. Elevated [CO2] had no significant effect on biomass production and grain filling, and caused an accumulation of C compounds in leaves. This was accompanied by up-regulation of phosphoglycerate mutase and ATP synthase protein content, together with down-regulation of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase protein. Growth in elevated [CO2] negatively affected Rubisco and Rubisco activase protein content and induced photosynthetic down-regulation. CO2 enrichment caused a specific decrease in Rubisco content, together with decreases in the amino acid and total N content of leaves. The C labelling revealed that in flag leaves, part of the C fixed during grain filling was stored as starch and structural C compounds whereas the rest of the labelled C (mainly in the form of soluble sugars) was completely respired 48 h after the end of labelling. Although labelled C was not detected in the δ13C of ear total organic matter and respired CO2, soluble sugar δ13C revealed that a small amount of labelled C reached the ear. The 12CO2 labelling suggests that during the beginning of post-anthesis the ear did not contribute towards overcoming flag leaf carbohydrate accumulation, and this had a consequent effect on protein expression and photosynthetic acclimation.

Aportació al coneixement de l"herbari Trèmols de l"Institut Botànic de Barcelona.

The herbarium BC-Trèmols was created during the second half of the 19th century by the Catalan chemist and botanist Frederic Trèmols Borrell. Between 1930 and 1960, the technician Antoni Marcos carried out a thorough review. The current collection consists of approximately 9000 specimen sheets; is made up of 58 volumes reordered by Marcos,two volumes with the original structure, four boxes of Hieracium and 85 boxes with additional material. Up to now 22 volumes and four boxes of Hieracium have been computerized (3695 specimens); we made an inventory at genus level of all volumes, and we computerized the original catalogue of the herbarium and the existing taxonomical fiches. We have also developed a preliminary inventory of the contents of the extra boxes. The analysis of these 3695 herbarium specimens clearly shows that it mainly consists of samples obtained by exchange (67.1%) especially within the Société Helvétique pour l"Échange des Plantes and the Societat Botànica Barcelonesa. Among the materials studied we found two specimens regarded as interesting from a taxonomical and/or nomenclatural point of view (isotypes of Silene holzmanii Heldr. ex Boiss. and of Arenaria minutiflora Loscos). Therefore, the main interest of the herbarium lies in the diversity of the geographical provenance of plants, which makes of this collection one of the first"pan-European herbaria" in Catalonia.

Consideraciones generales sobre la flora del valle de Ribes

Coup d'oeil sur la flore de la vallée de Ribes (Pyrénées catalanes). On fait des commentaires critiques des principales publications apportant des données floristiques sur la contrée: le «Catàlech de la Flora de la Valí de Nuria», d'E. VAYREDA I VILA , la «Flora de la Valí de Nuria i els seus encontorns», de Frère SfeiMNEN, la «Flora de Catalunya», de J. CADEVALL I DARS et la «Végétation alpine des Pyrénées orientales», de J. BRAUNBLANQUET. On donne una liste partielle des espèces l'existence desquelles dans la région malgré y avoir été indiqués par divers auteurs parait inadmissible ou, au moins, fort douteuse. On indique la répartition dans la contrée de quelques plantes appartenant à des éléments phytogéographiques différents et on divise la contrée en des petits territoires, caractérisé chacun d'eux par de divers groupes d'espèces.

L'Estanyo, un estany interessant a la Vall d'Aran

En un petit estany de la Vall d'Aran, a 1640 m. d¿altitud s'ha trobat Luronium natans ( L.) Rafin., planta aquàtica d'àrea atlántica, nova per a la flora deis Països Catalans. També creixen a les vores de l'estany altres plantes intéressants com Eleocharis mamillata (microespècie del grup d'E.palustris) planta nórdica molt poc fréquent a la Península Ibérica.

Notes sobre la flora de la Terra Baixa Catalana.

Durant les nostres excursions hem aplegat una bona quantitat de dades sobre la flora catalana. D'aquestes dades hem seleccionat les que creiem que son mes intéressants tant per la seva novetat com per la seva raresa. Llevat de molt poques excepcions ara només aportem citacions de plantes de la terra baixa i, en especial, de les serralades costeres catalanes. Ultra la indicació de les dades de localització de cada pianta (comarca, municipi, indret concret i altitud) i d'alguna indicació de l'habitat o l'ecologia, hi afegim la notació del quadrat U.T.M. de 10 km de costat. Remarquem que en alguns casos, quan ens ha estât possible, hi afegim, entre claudàtors, la xifra del quadrat d'U.T.M. d'un quilòmetre de costat. A la llista que segueix, les espècies són disposades per ordre alfabètic.

Dendroecologia de Pinus sylvestris en Catalunya

En el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de las limitaciones climaticas del crecimiento secundario de Pinus sylvestris L. en tres zonas de Catalunya. Para ello se han establecido 10 cronologias en otras tantas localidades, de las que 6 corresponden al Prepirineo, 2 al Montseny y 2 a Prades. La metodologia utilizada para poner de manifiesto las relaciones clima- crecimiento ha sido el análisis de regresión múltiple en componentes principales, obteniéndose asi las funciones respuesta. Los resultados confirmaron la hipotesis de que esta especie, incluso en la zona del Prepirineo, se ve influenciada por el estrés hídric0 durante la estación de crecimiento y aunque existe una respuesta similar en las tres zonas de estudio, también se producen diferencias. El efecto de inercia o el retardo con que las especies responden a 10s estímulos climaticos se ha puesto de manifiesto al presentar, alguno de 10s factores climaticos, coeficientes significativos en periodos anteriores a la estación actual de crecimiento. Los resultados son comentados desde la ecofisiologia de esta especie, comparándolos con 10s obtenidos por otros autores en el norte de su distribución geográfica. Finalmente se hace referencia a la estrategia adaptativa de P. sylvestris, considerada una especie pionera

Un món amb més de mil sexes

En els animals i les plantes, hi ha espècies en què la sexualitat és molt complexa, fins al punt que trenquen amb la divisió en dos sexes que regna en la biologia dels éssers humans