Sindrome di Buschke-Ollendorff: clinica e genetica

Buschke Ollendorff syndrome (BOS) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, with high penetrance and variable expressivity, characterized by the association of connective tissue naevi and osteopoikilosis. Both cutaneous and osseous manifestations are usually asymptomatic. The disease is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the gene LEMD3, that is located on chromosome 12q13. Differential diagnosis mainly includes pseudoxantoma elasticum, morphea, lipoid proteinosis, papular elastorrhexis, juvenile elastoma, papular mucinosis. The 2 cases of BOS here reported are an example of segmental type 2 autosomal dominant genodermatosis, that is due to the loss of heterozygosity occurring at an early developmental stage in a heterozygous patient, causing a segmental homozygosity. Such patients usually have pronounced segmental lesions in the first years of life and later develop disseminated symmetrical lesions.

Analisi spazio-temporale degli effetti di stress di origine antropica sull’ecosistema intertidale di spiagge sabbiose nell’alto Adriatico

Il presente lavoro di tesi si inserisce all’interno del progetto Europeo Theseus (Innovative technologies for European coasts in a changing climate), volto a fornire una metodologia integrata per la pianificazione sostenibile di strategie di difesa per la gestione dell’erosione costiera e delle inondazioni che tengano in conto non solo gli aspetti tecnici ma anche quelli sociali, economici e ambientali/ecologici. L'area oggetto di studio di questo elaborato di tesi è la zona costiera della Regione Emilia Romagna, costituita unicamente da spiagge sabbiose. In particolare si è focalizzata l’attenzione sulla zona intertidale, in quanto, essendo l’ambiente di transizione tra l’ambiente marino e quello terrestre può fornire indicazioni su fenomeni erosivi di una spiaggia e cambiamenti del livello del mare, unitamente alla risposta agli interventi antropici. Gli obiettivi della tesi sono sostanzialmente tre: un primo obiettivo è confrontare ecosistemi di spiagge dove sono presenti strutture di difesa costiera rispetto a spiagge che ne erano invece prive. Il secondo obiettivo è valutare l’impatto provocato sugli ecosistemi di spiaggia dall’attività stagionale del “bulldozing” e in ultimo proporre un sistema esperto di nuova concezione in grado di prevedere statisticamente la risposta delle comunità bentoniche a diversi tipi di interventi antropici. A tal fine è stato pianificato un disegno di campionamento dove sono stati indagati tre siti differenti per morfologia e impatto antropico: Cesenatico (barriere e pratica bulldozing), Cervia, dissipativa e non soggetta a erosione (assenza di barriere e ma con pratica del bulldozing) e Lido di Dante, tendenzialmente soggetta a erosione (senza barriere e senza pratica del bulldozing). Il campionamento è stato effettuato in 4 tempi (due prima del “bulldozing” e due dopo) nell’arco di 2 anni. In ciascun sito e tempo sono stati campionati 3 transetti perpendicolari alla linea di costa, e per ogni transetto sono stati individuati tre punti relativi ad alta, media e bassa marea. Per ogni variabile considerata sono stati prelevati totale di 216 campioni. Io personalmente ho analizzato i campioni dell’ultima campagna di campionamento, ma ho analizzato l’insieme dei dati. Sono state considerate variabili relative ai popolamenti macrobentonici quali dati di abbondanza, numero di taxa e indice di diversità di Shannon e alcune variabili abiotiche descrittive delle caratteristiche morfologiche dell’area intertidale quali granulometria (mediana, classazione e asimmetria), detrito conchigliare, contenuto di materia organica (TOM), pendenza e lunghezza della zona intertidale, esposizione delle spiagge e indici morfodinamici. L'elaborazione dei dati è stata effettuata mediante tecniche di analisi univariate e multivariate sia sui dati biotici che sulle variabili ambientali, “descrittori dell’habitat”, allo scopo di mettere in luce le interazioni tra le variabili ambientali e le dinamiche dei popolamenti macrobentonici. L’insieme dei risultati delle analisi univariate e multivariate sia dei descrittori ambientali che di quelli biotici, hanno evidenziato, come la risposta delle variabili considerate sia complessa e non lineare. Nonostante non sia stato possibile evidenziare chiari pattern di interazione fra “protezione” e “bulldozing”, sono comunque emerse delle chiare differenze fra i tre siti indagati sia per quanto riguarda le variabili “descrittori dell’habitat” che quelle relative alla struttura dei popolamenti. In risposta a quanto richiesto in contesto water framework directive e in maniera funzionale all’elevate complessità del sistema intertidale è stato proposto un sistema esperto basato su approccio congiunto fuzzy bayesiano (già utilizzato con altre modalità all’interno del progetto Theseus). Con il sistema esperto prodotto, si è deciso di simulare nel sito di Cesenatico due ripascimenti virtuali uno caratterizzato da una gralometria fine e da uno con una granulometria più grossolana rispetto a quella osservata a Cesenatico. Il sistema fuzzy naïve Bayes, nonostante al momento sia ancora in fase di messa a punto, si è dimostrato in grado di gestire l'elevato numero di interazioni ambientali che caratterizzano la risposta della componente biologica macrobentonica nell'habitat intertidale delle spiagge sabbiose.

Nonlinear / electromagnetic co-simulation and co-design of microwave links in highly polluted and / or strongly inhomogeneous environments

The objective of the Ph.D. thesis is to put the basis of an all-embracing link analysis procedure that may form a general reference scheme for the future state-of-the-art of RF/microwave link design: it is basically meant as a circuit-level simulation of an entire radio link, with – generally multiple – transmitting and receiving antennas examined by EM analysis. In this way the influence of mutual couplings on the frequency-dependent near-field and far-field performance of each element is fully accounted for. The set of transmitters is treated as a unique nonlinear system loaded by the multiport antenna, and is analyzed by nonlinear circuit techniques. In order to establish the connection between transmitters and receivers, the far-fields incident onto the receivers are evaluated by EM analysis and are combined by extending an available Ray Tracing technique to the link study. EM theory is used to describe the receiving array as a linear active multiport network. Link performances in terms of bit error rate (BER) are eventually verified a posteriori by a fast system-level algorithm. In order to validate the proposed approach, four heterogeneous application contexts are provided. A complete MIMO link design in a realistic propagation scenario is meant to constitute the reference case study. The second one regards the design, optimization and testing of various typologies of rectennas for power generation by common RF sources. Finally, the project and implementation of two typologies of radio identification tags, at X-band and V-band respectively. In all the cases the importance of an exhaustive nonlinear/electromagnetic co-simulation and co-design is demonstrated to be essential for any accurate system performance prediction.

Molluscs of the marine protected area "Secche di Tor Paterno"

The thesis describes the molluscan biodiversity of the infralittoral off-shore reefs in the "Secche di Tor Paterno" marine protected area lying in the Central Tyrrhenian Sea off the coasts of Lazio south of Roma. Data originate from underwater sampling activities carried out by SCUBA diving in four biocoenoses: Posidonia oceanica leaves and rhizomes, coralligenous concretions and detritic pools. The representativeness of molluscs as descriptors of biocoenoses is evaluated by preliminary comparisons with data about Polychaeta, Pleocyemata (Crustacea) and Brachiopoda obtained in the same survey. The malacocoenoses of the four biocoenoses are treated in detail. Then data are compared with other data sets to assess differences and similarities with other communities. The agreement between death and living assemblages in the reefs is evaluated for the Posidonia oceanica and the coralligenous biocoenosis and was carried out by a set of standard metrics and some benthic ecology methods. Molluscs perform very well as descriptors of biocoenoses, better than the other phyla. The molluscan assemblages of the reefs are very rich in species despite richness is mainly concentrated in the coralligenous and in the rhizomes of Posidonia oceanica. The leaves of Posidonia oceanica host a rather poor assemblage. Detritic pools host a poor but peculiar species assemblage. The dead-live agreement showed that death assemblages are highly representative of sediments of nearby biocoenoses as a result of low bottom transport. Fidelity metrics suggest a good agreement between the living and death assemblages when species richness and taxonomic composition are considered. The study suggests that fidelity is lower when considering the species dominance. These differences could be associated to the trophism of species and possibly to the species life span.

Environmental weathering of natural and artificial stones used in historical architecture: influence of microstructure and new restoration methods

For some study cases (the Cathedral of Modena, Italy, XII-XIV century; the Ducal Palace in Mantua, Italy, XVI century; the church of San Francesco in Fano, Italy, XIV-XIX century), considered as representative of the use of natural and artificial stones in historical architecture, the complex interaction between environ-mental aggressiveness, materials’ microstructural characteristics and degradation was investigated. From the results of such analyses, it was found that materials microstructure plays a fundamental role in the actual extent to which weathering mechanisms affect natural and artificial stones. Consequently, the need of taking into account the important role of material microstructure, when evaluating the environmental aggressiveness to natural and artificial stones, was highlighted. Therefore, a possible quantification of the role of microstructure on the resistance to environmental attack was investigated. By exposing stone samples, with significantly different microstructural features, to slightly acidic aqueous solutions, simulating clean and acid rain, a good correlation between weight losses and the product of carbonate content and specific surface area (defined as the “vulnerable specific surface area”) was found. Alongside the evaluation of stone vulnerability, the development of a new consolidant for weathered carbonate stones was undertaken. The use of hydroxya-patite, formed by reacting the calcite of the stone with an aqueous solution of di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate, was found to be a promising consolidating tech-nique for carbonates stones. Indeed, significant increases in the mechanical prop-erties can be achieved after the treatment, which has the advantage of simply con-sisting in a non-hazardous aqueous solution, able to penetrate deeply into the stone (> 2 cm) and bring significant strengthening after just 2 days of reaction. Furthermore, the stone sorptivity is not eliminated after treatment, so that water and water vapor exchanges between the stone and the environment are not com-pletely blocked.

Diet of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and swordfish (Xhipias gladius) in the Adriatic Sea

The present issue analyses bluefin tuna (Thynnus thunnus) and swordfish (Xiphias glaudis) diet, caught by professional long-line fishing in the middle Adriatic Sea (Pomo pit). These species represent apex predators in pelagic environment that may play key roles in determining food web structure and ecosystem dynamics. The studies about their feedings habits, based upon stomach contents analysis, are important for the comprehension of biological and ecological interaction. Over the years, many studies have been performed on the diet of tuna and swordfish in the Mediterranean Sea. This research is based on a fairly wide number of analyzed stomach contents, in comparison with the previous ones. In this work, the analysis of 340 stomach contents of bluefin tuna caught by long-line in the central Adriatic sea confirms in general the opportunistic behaviour of this species. Finding support the hypothesis that Adriatic tuna and swordfish chase their food over a wide bathymetric zone and probably near the surface at night. No indication of food preference respect to size of predator or sample season are found. It seems that the two species are able to cohabit because their trophic niche are not overlapped, changing during the time and the vertical and horizontal space.

Sintesi e caratterizzazione di polimeri coniugati per l'ottenimento di piste conduttive mediante tracciatura laser

Utilizzo di laser portatili per la creazione di piste conduttive su polimeri coniugati.

Distribution and state of fishery resources in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea using trawl surveys data

The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries represents the most recent research line in the international context, showing interest both towards the whole community and toward the identification and protection of all the “critical habitats” in which marine resources complete their life cycles. Using data coming from trawl surveys performed in the Northern and Central Adriatic from 1996 to 2010, this study provides the first attempt to appraise the status of the whole demersal community. It took into account not only fishery target species but also by-catch and discharge species by the use of a suite of biological indicators both at population and multi-specific level, allowing to have a global picture of the status of the demersal system. This study underlined the decline of extremely important species for the Adriatic fishery in recent years; adverse impact on catches is expected for these species in the coming years, since also minimum values of recruits recently were recorded. Both the excessive exploitation and environmental factors affected availability of resources. Moreover both distribution and nursery areas of the most important resources were pinpointed by means of geostatistical methods. The geospatial analysis also confirmed the presence of relevant recruitment areas in the North and Central Adriatic for several commercial species, as reported in the literature. The morphological and oceanographic features, the relevant rivers inflow together with the mosaic pattern of biocenoses with different food availability affected the location of the observed relevant nursery areas.