矿物中REE扩散作用的理论研究——兼论白钨矿Sm-Nd定年方法的可靠性

元素在矿物中的扩散作用，对其在地质体中的配布有着重要影响，被越来越多的用来解决地球化学动力学方面的问题。稀土元素（REE）能反映重要的地球化学信息，作为地球化学的示踪剂被广泛应用于探讨各类岩石成因和矿床成因。因此，查明REE在矿物中的扩散行为对于地学研究具有重要意义。 前人对元素（如O、Ar等）在不同矿物中扩散行为的理论研究，大多采用的是矿物晶格单独制约扩散速率的模型，由于稀土元素的离子半径各不相同，用此类模型来探讨其在不同矿物中的扩散行为是不合适的。为了寻求获取矿物中稀土元素扩散参数的简捷途径，本博士论文通过对前人关于矿物中REE扩散作用研究的实验结果进行分析归纳，探讨了扩散体系不同因素对扩散行为的控制规律。在此基础上，使用多元统计分析方法建立了预测REE在不同矿物中扩散参数的多变量模型，由此模型计算的1atm、无水环境下REE的扩散参数与实验测定结果在实验误差范围内相当吻合。与前人的模型相比，多变量模型能更全面地反映扩散体系各因素对扩散速率的制约。 此外，为了检验白钨矿Sm-Nd同位素定年方法的可靠性，本论文从不同角度进行了研究： （一） 理论验证 矿物内部的微量元素信息能否有效保存，在很大程度上取决于其扩散速率，因此本文从扩散动力学角度对白钨矿Sm-Nd同位素体系的封闭性进行了探讨。通过理论计算并结合实验模拟验证的方式获得了白钨矿中Sm、Nd的扩散参数，得出在1atm、无水环境下Sm和Nd的扩散方程为： Nd：D＝4.00exp（－438kJmol-1/RT）cm2/s Sm：D＝1.85exp（－427kJmol-1/RT）cm2/s 借助这些扩散数据，对白钨矿中Sm-Nd信息受扩散作用的影响程度做了分析。结果表明，在大多数地质环境下，Sm、Nd在白钨矿晶体中的扩散速率很低，同位素体系容易保持封闭不受热力学作用的影响。 （二） 地质验证 以湘西沃溪Au-Sb-W矿床为研究对象，通过对不同矿体的白钨矿进行Sm-Nd同位素年龄测定，将其结果与其它同位素方法得到的年龄数据以及野外地质关系、区域构造演化等进行了对比。结果表明，沃溪Au-Sb-W矿床的白钨矿Sm-Nd年龄结果与Ar-Ar年龄是一致的，与野外地质关系及区域构造演化特征等也相当吻合。 通过本论文的工作，得出以下主要成果和认识： （1）首次建立了适合于计算REE在不同矿物中扩散参数的理论模型，为研究矿物中REE的扩散行为提供了可靠的理论方法。 （2）首次获得了白钨矿中Sm-Nd的扩散参数，探讨了白钨矿中REE的扩散性质，并建立了1atm、无水环境下Sm和Nd在此矿物中的扩散方程。 （3）通过扩散动力学研究，得出白钨矿中Sm-Nd同位素体系的封闭性较为理想，为评价Sm-Nd同位素方法是否适合于制约白钨矿的成矿年龄提供了理论依据。 （4）通过不同同位素定年结果的比较以及与野外地质关系、区域构造演化等的对比，得出白钨矿Sm-Nd同位素年龄结果是真实有效的，从矿床学角度为评价该同位素定年方法的可靠性提供了实践证据。

Isotope Shift in the Dielectronic Recombination of Three-Electron ANd57+

Isotope shifts in dielectronic recombination spectra were studied for Li-like ^ANd⁵⁷⁺ ions with A=142 and A=150. From the displacement of resonance positions energy shifts dE^142?150(2s-2p_1/2)=40.2(3)(6)??meV [(stat)(sys)] and dE^142?150(2s-2p_3/2)=42.3(12)(20)??meV of 2s-2p_jtransitions were deduced. An evaluation of these values within a full QED treatment yields a change in the mean-square charge radius of ^142?150d?r²?=-1.36(1)(3)??fm². The approach is conceptually new and combines the advantage of a simple atomic structure with high sensitivity to nuclear size.

High-gain x-ray lasing at 11.1 nm in sodiumlike copper driven by a 20-J, 2-ps Nd:glass laser

Evidence of high gain pumped by recombination has been observed in the 5g-4f transition at 11.1 nn in sodiumlike copper ions with use of a 20-J 2-ps Nd:glass laser system. The time- and space-integrated gain coefficient was 8.8 +/- 1.4 cm(-1), indicating a single-transit amplification of similar to 60 times. This experiment has shown that 2 ps is the optimum pulse duration to drive the sodiumlike copper recombination x-ray lasing at 11.1 nm. (C) 1996 Optical Society of America

Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Evidence for Ice-Sheet Presence on Southern Greenland During the Last Interglacial

To ascertain the response of the southern Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) to a boreal summer climate warmer than at present, we explored whether southern Greenland was deglaciated during the Last Interglacial (LIG), using the Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios of silt-sized sediment discharged from southern Greenland. Our isotope data indicate that no single southern Greenland geologic terrane was completely deglaciated during the LIG, similar to the Holocene. Differences in sediment sources during the LIG relative to the early Holocene denote, however, greater southern GIS retreat during the LIG. These results allow the evaluation of a suite of GIS models and are consistent with a GIS contribution of 1.6 to 2.2 meters to the =4-meter LIG sea-level highstand, requiring a significant sea-level contribution from the Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Influence of YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on preexisting glaucoma

Purpose. To evaluate the effects of a YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients. Methods. We retrospectively studied 69 patients who underwent posterior capsulotomy following cataract or combined cataract-glaucoma surgery and who had a minimum follow-up of six months. We assessed IOP control, number of glaucoma medications required, and need for additional glaucoma surgery following capsulotomy as clinical outcomes. We defined an "unfavorable result" as: a =5 mm Hg sustained rise in IOP, a need for additional glaucoma medications, and/or a need for additional glaucoma surgery. We calculated Kaplan-Meier event rate curves for these "unfavorable results." Mean follow-up was 24.4 ± 12.3 months. Results. 6.3% of patients had an IOP rise of =5 mm Hg one hour post capsulotomy. The actuarial (Kaplan-Meier) rate of any "unfavorable result" was 11.6% at 4 months, 38.1% at 12 months, 46.1% at 24 months, and 52.1% at 36 months following capsulotomy. Conclusions. Progression of glaucoma after YAG capsulotomy is common and may be accelerated by the laser procedure.

Book Review - An Architecture of Parts: Architects, Building Workers and Industrialisation in Britain 1940–1970 by Christine Wall and Architecture and the Welfare State, edited by Mark Swenarton, Tom Avermaete and Dirk van den Heuvel.

[Archives de la Parole]. , Amen ev ènd okut kum ; Sioni vordik / Nikol, chant

[Traditions. Asie. Russie. Arménie]

Materiales tipo perovskita Ln?Bi???Fe?.??M?.??O? (Ln: Pr, Nd; M: Co, Mn, Sc; x= 0-0.15) para su potencial aplicación en memorias magnetoeléctricas.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación en Química de los Materiales) UANL, 2012.

Projet Namur - Jean-Talon O. TOD, Leed-ND ou astuce de vente?

Affiche de projet terminal, baccalauréat en Urbanisme. Institut d'urbanisme, Université de Montréal.