The lauraceae collected in brazil by ludwig riedel - I

The species of Lauraceae collected by Ludwig Riedel, excluding Ocotea, are commented and contex-tualized according to the different itineraries he travelled in Brazil, from 1821 to 1836, indicating the localities and dates of collections, whenever possible. To complete this work, two diaries of Riedel have been consulted and the information from them cross-checked with the annotations found on specimen labels. An annotated list of 48 entries provides information on the status of species names and their types, currently accepted names, and collections found in different herbaria. Lectotypes for five names, Aydendron verrucosum var. attenuata, Aydendron parviflorum, Mespilodaphne parviflora, Nectandra spicata, and Oreodaphne fasciculata, are designated. The species of Ocotea collected by Riedel will be treated in part II of this series. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2012.

The lauraceae collected in brazil by ludwig riedel - II. Ocotea

The species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) collected by Ludwig Riedel are commented and contextualized according to the different itineraries he travelled in Brazil, from 1821 to 1836, indicating the localities and dates of collections, whenever possible. To complete this work, two diaries of Riedel have been consulted and the information from them crossed-checked with the annotations found on specimen labels. An annotated list of 44 entries provides information on the status of species names and their types, currently accepted names, and collections found in different herbaria. Lectotypes for 19 names are designated, two new synonyms are proposed, as well as the new combination Ocotea estrellensis (Meisn.) P.L.R. Moraes, based on Oreodaphne estrellensis Meisn. © President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2012.

Falhas reprodutivas associadas com a presença de do vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina, toxoplasma gondii e neospora caninum em caprinos no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study aimed at assessing the occurrence of antibodies against the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, as well as the associations between the presence of antibodies and the occurrence of reproductive failures in goats. Serum samples were collected from 923 goats of both sexes, over 3 months of age, from 17 dairy farms located in different municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil. Infections by T. gondii, N. caninum and CAEV were evaluated by indirect methods of diagnosis based on indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), Neospora agglutination test (NAT), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), respectively. A survey was conducted on the farms to obtain information about reproduction dates (abortions, stillbirths and births of weak and premature kids) and zoosanitary management. Antibodies against CAEV, T. gondii and N. caninum was found in 37.81%, 23.62% and 17.23% respectively. There was no significant association between the presence of anti-CAEV antibodies and CAEV/T. gondii or CAEV/N. caninum co-infection, suggesting that CAEV does not predispose goats to infection by these agents. However, when CAEV/T. gondii (p<0.01) or CAEV/N. caninum (p<0.001) co-infection was present, the occurrence of reproductive failures was significantly higher what could indicate that CAEV-induced immunosuppression may predispose goats to develop the clinical symptoms of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis increasing the risks of the reproductive failures.

Sponge spicules indicate Holocene environmental changes on the Nabileque River floodplain, southern Pantanal, Brazil

Sponge spicules are siliceous microfossils that are especially useful for analysis of sandy fluvio-lacustrine sediments. Sponge spicules in a long sediment core (~550 cm below surface), consisting of fine sand, sandy silt, and organic-rich mud, recovered from the floodplain of the Nabileque River, southern Pantanal, Brazil (S20°16′38. 3″/W57°33′00. 0″), form the basis of a novel paleoenvironmental interpretation for this region. Optically stimulated luminescence dates constrain the timing of deposition to the middle-late Holocene and all spicules identified are typical of the Brazilian cerrado biome. The base of the section is dominated by Oncosclera navicella Carter 1881, Metaniaspinata Carter 1881, and Corvospongilla seckti Bonetto and Ezcurra de Drago 1966, which indicate a lotic to semi-lotic environment strongly influenced by an actively meandering river channel at ~6. 7-5. 7 ka BP. The appearance of Heterorotula fistula Volkmer-Ribeiro and Motta 1995, Dosilia pydanieli Volkmer-Ribeiro 1992 and Radiospongilla amazonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro and Maciel 1983 at ~340 cm downcore suggests a reduction in flowing water and a more stable lentic environment, consistent with deposition in an oxbow lake. This oxbow lake environment existed during an interval of regional aridity between ~4. 5 and 3. 9 ka BP. Spicules, as well as phytoliths and diatoms, are highly variable moving up-section, with species from both lotic and lentic ecosystems present. Above ~193 cm, the total abundance of spicules declines, consistent with wetter climate conditions and development of an underfit river similar to the modern floodplain. Results support hypotheses related to migration of the Paraguay River inferred from geomorphological studies and add a key southern-region dataset to the emerging Holocene database of paleoenvironmental records from the Pantanal wetlands. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoenvironments in ponds and alluvial sediments of Upper Paraná River, Brazil

Freshwater sponge spicules were analyzed as a paleoenvironmental proxy indicator in five cores of ponds and alluvial fan sediments in the Upper Paraná River's left bank, near Querência do Norte town, northwestern of State of Paraná, southern Brazil. Two optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates were obtained from sediments of ponds and one radiocarbon (14C) date was obtained from the alluvial fan. Microscopic analysis of spicules preserved in the sediments allowed a determination of freshwater sponge species. The species assemblage provides evidence for dominantly dry conditions in the Upper Paraná River during the Late Pleistocene. A wetter climate phase was recognized at 14C 7,540 yrs BP, with alluvial fan formation commencing at the transition of the dry Pleistocene climate to the Early Holocene wet climate. This wet interval was characterized by a sponge assemblage marked by the presence of the Neotropical families and typically associated with lotic environments. Sponge spicules analysis from pond sediments reject the possibility that lotic environments contributed to pond genesis and evolution. © 2013 by the Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia.

Incidence of Leptospirosis infection in the East Zone of Sao Paulo City, Brazil

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonosis which is spread through contamined running water. This contaminations is seriously affected by the flooding which occurs in the area surrounding the Aricanduva river. The transmission of the disease results mainly from the contact of water with soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. We aimed to conduct an epidemiological survey on Leptospirosis cases in Sao Paulo East Zone area. Method. The analysis conducted in this study was based on data collected from the health authorities of that region close the Aricanduva river between 2007 and 2008 years, which give the rates of confirmed cases, mortality and death from human Leptospirosis. Other information concerned with the relationships among rainfall index, points of flooding and incidence of Leptospirosis. Results: We observed a direct and important water contamination. Records of flooding points and dates of the reported cases in the region showed a direct relationship from which the period of higher rainfall also recorded an increase in cases. The annual record of the city and the region and rainfall regions also presented correlation. Conclusion: The association between the indices of flooding and Leptospirosis cases indicates that preventive measures are necessary to avoid exposing the community. © 2013 Miyazato et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Determining the gestational age of crioulo mares based on a fetal ocular measure

The practice of covering in herds is often used in Crioulo breeding farms, thus not allowing the determination of ovulation dates and the early detection of pregnancies. This fact complicates the estimation of gestational age after 70 days of conception. This study aimed to evaluate the diameter of the fetal orbits of Crioulo mares to develop a formula to estimate a gestational date. Measurements of 164 fetal ocular orbits were performed in 124 Crioulo mares with gestational ages ranging between 119 and 341 days. The current study observed a linear growth pattern of Crioulo fetal orbits up to 341 days of gestation. Thus, obtaining a suitable linear regression model to determine the gestational age of Crioulo mares based on fetal ocular orbit diameter measure is possible. The obtained model was y = 8.3756x + 11.90, where y represents the gestational age in days, and x represents the diameter of the fetal ocular orbit in millimeters. This formula had anr2 of 0.985 (P < .001). We conclude that this model allows researchers and veterinarians to accurately estimate the gestational age of Crioulo mares between 4 and 11months of pregnancy. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Densidade e época de semeadura de duas espécies de Brachiaria sobre a cultura da soja

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of soybean cultivar M-8766 in consortium with Brachiaria brizantha. BRS Piata and Brachiaria ruziziensis at different densities and sowing dates. The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a factorial 2 × 2 × 3 with four replications. Used as factors grass species (Brachiaria brizantha Piata and Brachiaria ruziziensis BRS) intercropped with soybean M-8766, sowing dates (12 and 24 days after soybean emergence) and three seeding rates (0, 5, 10 kg ha-1 of seed). At 71 days after soybean emergence were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, dry mass of leaves, stems and shoots, and 4 months after sowing determined the weight of 100 grains and soybean yield. The results showed that when seeded at a density of 10 kg ha-1 at 12 and 24 DAE soy, Brachiaria brizantha. BRS Piata caused reduction in yield in the order of 6.71% and 3.03% respectively, while the Brachiaria ruziziensis was one that caused a greater reduction in productivity in the order of 13.42 and 16.23%, respectively, of these values expression when considering the price of soybean sack. B. ruziziensis expressed less competitive with soybean. However, the large biomass production of this grass provides deployment system till the next harvest.

Evidence of sexual transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in goats

Male goats of reproductive age that were serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii were selected and distributed according to the following arrangement: (A) one goat infected orally with 2.0 × 105 oocysts; (B) one goat infected subcutaneously with 1.0 × 106 tachyzoites; and (C) one uninfected goat kept as a control. After T. gondii inoculation, 12 non-pregnant female breeder goats that were serologically negative for the main reproductive diseases, especially toxoplasmosis, were synchronized and then exposed to natural mating by the males that had previously been inoculated: five females exposed to natural mating by male A (group GI); five females exposed to natural mating by male B (group GII); and two females exposed to natural mating by the uninfected male C (group GIII). In serum samples obtained from all the female goats before and after natural mating, the presence of antibodies against T. gondii was investigated using the ELISA test. PCR was performed on semen samples, on females and fetal tissues and placenta. Ten out of the 12 females showed specific antibodies against T. gondii after natural mating: five in GI and five in GII. On several dates on which natural mating occurred, T. gondii was identified in semen samples from the infected males, using PCR. Subsequently, after the females had been sacrificed, it was also possible to identify T. gondii in tissue samples from the infected females and from their fetuses, stillbirths and offspring, using PCR. Therefore, these results prove, for the first time, that T. gondii infection can be transmitted sexually from male to female goats. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relationship between age of waste and natural electric potential generation in Sanitary Landfill

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Épocas de semeadura e manejos de corte de milheto cultivado no outono-inverno e efeitos na cultura da soja em sucessão sob plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Utilização agropecuária do sorgo de guiné e efeitos na cultura da soja e atributos químicos do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

A haplologia na variedade paulista

Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

Tipografia em catálogos culturais: as informações contidas na forma grafada

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Estudo da teoria de potência conservativa para análise de sistemas elétricos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)