Civilitas in der Antike : Entstehung und Entwicklung eines politischen Begriffs

vorgelegt von Valerio Benedetti

Georg Stöckli / Rita Stebler: Auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Schulform. Unterricht und Entwicklung in der Grundstufe. Münster/ New York/ München/ Berlin: Waxmann 2011 [Rezension]

Rezension von: Georg Stöckli / Rita Stebler: Auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Schulform. Unterricht und Entwicklung in der Grundstufe. Münster/ New York/ München/ Berlin: Waxmann 2011 (292 S.; ISBN 978-3-8309-2432-6)

Gewaltsame Verdrängung und prekäre Kontinuität. Zur Entwicklung der wissenschaftlichen Pädagogik in Frankfurt am Main vor und nach 1933

Die Autoren stellen für das Pädagogische Seminar an der Stiftungsuniversität in Frankfurt a. Main dar, wie durch die Entlassung und folgende Emigration von P. Tillich, C. Mennicke und H. Weil eine sozialwissenschaftliche Pädagogik in ihrer Entwicklung abgebrochen wurde, die dort schon seit Anfang des Jahrhunderts u.a. mit J. Ziehen begonnen hatte. Seit 1933 dominierte dann eine nationalpolitische Pädagogik und Erziehungsidee. (DIPF/Orig.)

Entwicklung der Faziesverteilung eines Riffkomplexes im Korallenoolith (Oberjura) des Osterwaldes (Niedersachsen)

The Hainholz quarry in the Osterwald hills of NW-Germany is the most impressive outcrop in the Lower Saxony Basin exposing Late Jurassic (Korallenoolith, Oxfordian) coral buildups. The Korallenoolith deposits in the quarry commence with a oolitic sequence about 20 m thick which is limited by a distinctive hardground at its top. This sequence is overlain by the so called “Obere Korallenbank”-Member about 13 m in thickness which is mainly build up by coral reef complexes. Throughout a lateral extend of about 400 m exposed in the quarry, the Obere Korallenbank Member shows numerous pillar-shaped reefal build ups which are flanked by a reefal debris limestone. The coral fauna of the in situ reefal bioconstructions comprises not less than 37 taxa most of which have been described from the Lower Saxony Basin for the first time. Probably, the pillar-shaped reefs formed a small positive relief of only a few dm against the debris deposits during deposition. The interreef debris limestones in the lower and middle part of the Obere Korallenbank Member show three intercalated biostromal coral layers. In the upper part of the member, the interreef facies is represented by a mikritic peloidal limestone rich in sponge remains and, unusual in such a depositional environment, ammonites (Dichotomo-sphinctes bifurcatoides, D. sp.). Additionaly, at the top of of the peloidal limestone a layer enriched in nerineids and other gastropods limits the reefal constructions of the Obere Korallenbank Member against the overlying “humeralis-Oolith” sequence. On the basis of the facies development of this depositional sequence the reef formation in relation to sealevel changes is discussed.

Riffe und fazielle Entwicklung der florigemma-Bank (Korallenoolith, Oxfordium) im Süntel und östlichen Wesergebirge (NW-Deutschland

During the Sedimentation of the platform carbonate deposits of the Korallenoolith Formation (middle Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian) small buildups ofcorals formed in the Lower Saxony Basin. These bioconstructions are restricted to particular horizons (Untere Korallenbank,ßorigenuna-Bank Member etc.) and represent patch reefs and biostromes. In this study, the development of facies, fossil assemblages, spatial distribution of fossils, and reefs of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member (upper Middle Oxfordian) in the Süntel Mts and the eastern Wesergebirge Mts is described; the formation of reefs is discussed in detail. Twelve facies types are described and interpreted. They vary between high-energy deposits as well winnowed oolites and quiet-water lagoonal mudstones. Owing to the significance of biota, micro- and macrofossils are systematically described. The reefs are preserved in growth position, are characterized by numerous corresponding features and belong to a certain reef type. According to their size, shape and framework, they represent patch reefs, coral knobs (sensu James, 1983), coral thrombolite reefs (sensu Leinfelder et al., 1994) or “Klein- and Mitteldickichte” (sensu Laternser, 2001). Their growth fabric corresponds to the superstratal (dense) pillarstone (sensu Insalaco, 1998). As the top of the ßorigenuna-Bank displays an erosional unconformity (so-called Hauptdiskontinuität), the top of the reefs are erosionally capped. Their maximum height amounts to at least the maximum thickness of the ßorigenuna-Bank which does not exceed 4 metres. The diversity of coral fauna of the reefs is relatively low; a total of 13 species is recorded. The coral community is over- whelmingly dominated by the thin-branched ramose Thamnasteria dendroidea (Lamouroux) that forms aggregations of colonies (77?. dendroidea thickets). Leafy to platy Fungiastrea arachnoides (Parkinson) and Thamnasteria concinna (Goldfuss) occur subordinately, other species are only of minor importance. In a few cases, the reef-core consisting of Th. dendroidea thickets is laterally encrusted by platy F. arachnoides and Th. concinna colonies, and microbial carbonates. This zonation reflects probably a succession of different reef builders as a result of changing environmental conditions (allogenic succession). Moreover, some reefs are overlain by a biostrome made of large Solenopora jurassica nodules passing laterally in a nerinean bed. Mikrobial carbonates promoted reef growth and favoured the preservation of reef organismn in their growth position or in situ. They exhibit a platy, dendroid, or reticulate growth form or occur as downward-facing hemispheroids. According to their microstructure, they consist of a peloidal, clotted, or unstructured fabric (predominately layered and poorly structured thrombolite as well as clotted leiolite) (sensu Schmid, 1996). Abundant endo- and epibiontic organisms (bivalves, gastropods, echinoids, asteroids, ophiuroids, crabs etc) are linked to the reefs. With regard to their guild structure, the reefs represent occurrences at which only a few coral species serve as builder. Moreover, microbial carbonates contribute to both building and binding of the reefs. Additional binder as well as baffler are present, but not abundant. According to the species diversity, the dweller guild comprises by far the highest number of invertebrate taxa. The destroyer guild chiefly encompasses bivalves. The composition of the reef community was influenced by the habitat structure of the Th. dendroidea thickets. Owing to the increase in encrusting organisms and other inhabitants of the thickets, the locational factors changed, since light intensity and hydrodynamic energy level and combined parameters as oxygen supply declined in the crowded habitat. Therefore a characteristic succession of organisms is developed that depends on and responds to changing environmental conditions („community replacement sequence“). The succession allows the differentiation of different stages. It started after the cessation of the polyps with boring organisms and photoautotrophic micro-encrusters (calcareous algae, Lithocodium aggregatum). Following the death of these pioneer organisms, encrusting and adherent organisms (serpulids, „Terebella“ species, bryozoans, foraminifers, thecideidinids, sklerospongid and pharetronid sponges, terebratulids), small mobile organisms (limpets), and microbial induced carbonates developed. The final stage in the community replacement sequence gave rise to small cryptic habitats and organisms that belong to these caves (cryptobionts, coelobites). The habitat conditions especially favoured small non-rigid demosponges (“soft sponges”) that tolerate reduced water circulation. Reef rubble is negligible, so that the reefs are bordered by fossiliferous micritic limestone passing laterally in micritic limestone. Approximately 10% of the study area (outcropping florigemma-Bank) corresponds to reefal deposits whereas the remaining 90% encompass lagoonal inter-reefal deposits. The reef development is a good example for the interaction between reef growth, facies development and sea-level changes. It was initiated by a sea-level rise (transgression) and corresponding decrease in the hydrodynamic energy level. Colonization and reef growth took place on a coarse-grained Substrate composed of oncoids, larger foraminifers and bioclasts. Reef growth took place in a calm marine lagoonal setting. Increasing abundance of spherical coral morphs towards the Northeast (section Kessiehausen, northwestem Süntel Mts) reflects higher turbidity and a facies transition to coral occurrences of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member in the adjacent Deister Mts. The reef growth was neither influenced by stonns nor by input of siliciclastic deposits, and took place in short time - probably in only a thousand years under most probably mesotrophic conditions. The mass appearance of solenoporids and nerineids in the upper part of the ßorigenuna-Bank Member point to enhanced nutrient level as a result of regression. In addition, this scenario of fluctuations in nutrient availability seems to be responsible for the cessation of reef corals. The sea level fall reached its climax in the subaerial exposure and palaeokarst development of the florigemma-Bank. The reef building corals are typical pioneer species. The blade-like, flattened F. amchnoides colonies are characterized by their light porous calcium carbonate skeleton, which is a distinct advantage in soft bottom environment. Thus, they settled on soft bottom exposing the large parts of its surface to the incoming light. On the other hand, in response to their light requirements they were also able to settle shaded canopy structures or reef caves. Th. dendroidea is an opportunistic coral species in very shallow, well illuminated marine environment. Their thin and densely spaced branches led to a very high surface/volume ratio of the colonies that were capable to exploit incoming light due to their small thamasterioid calices characterized by “highly integrated polyps”. In addition, sideward coalescence of branches during colony growth led to a wave-resistant framework and favoured the authochthonous preservation of the reefs. Asexual reproduction by fragmented colonies promoted reef development as Th. dendroidea thickets laterally extend over the sea floor or new reefs have developed from broken fragments of parent colonies. Similar build ups with Th. dendroidea as a dominant or frequent reef building coral species are known from the Paris Basin and elsewhere from the Lower Saxony Basin (Kleiner Deister Mts). These buildups developed in well-illuminated shallow water and encompass coral reefs or coral thrombolite reefs. Intra- and inter-reef deposits vary between well-winnowed reef debris limestone and mudstones representing considerably calmer conditions. Solenoporid, nerineids and diceratides belong to the characteristic fossils of these occurrences. However, diceratides are missing in theflorigemma-Bank Member. Th. dendroidea differs in its colonization of low- to high-energy environment from recent ramose scleractinian corals (e.g., Acropora and Porites sp.). The latter are restricted to agitated water habitats creating coral thickets and carpets. According to the morphologic plasticity of Th. dendroidea, thick-branched colonies developed in a milieu of high water energy, whereas fragile, wide- and thin-branched colonies prevail in low-energy settings. Due to its relatively rapid growth, Th. dendroidea was able to keep pace with increased Sedimentation rates. 68 benthonic foraminiferan species/taxa have been recognized in thin sections. Agglutinated foraminifers (textulariids) predominate when compared with rotaliids and milioliids. Numerous species are restricted to a certain facies type or occur in higher population densities, in particular Everticyclammina sp., a larger agglutinated foraminifer that occurs in rock building amounts. Among the 25 reef dwelling foraminiferal species, a few were so far only known from Late Jurassic sponge reefs. Another striking feature is the frequency of adherent foraminiferal species. Fauna and flora, in particular dasycladaleans and agglutinated foraminifers, document palaeobiogeographic relationships to the Tethys and point to (sub)tropical conditions. Moreover, in Germany this foraminiferan assemblage is yet uncompared. In Southern Germany similar tethyan type assemblages are not present in strata as young as Middle Tithonian.

Gabriele Strobel-Eisele: Schule und soziale Evolution. System- und evolutionstheoretische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der Schule. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag 1992 [...] [Sammelrezension]

Sammelrezension von: 1. Gabriele Strobel-Eisele: Schule und soziale Evolution. System- und evolutionstheoretische Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung der Schule. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag 1992, 261 S. 2. Christel Adick: Die Universalisierung der modernen Schule. Eine theoretische Problemskizze zur Erklärung der weltweiten Verbreitung der modernen Schule in den letzten 200 Jahren mit Fallstudien aus Westafrika. (Internationale Gegenwart. Bd. 9.) Paderborn: Schöningh 1992, 312 S.

Entwicklung eines empirisch überprüfbaren Modells musikpraktischer Kompetenz (KOPRA-M)

Nachdem für das Schulfach Musik mit dem Kompetenzmodell „Musik wahrnehmen und kontextualisieren" ein erstes empirisch validiertes Kompetenzmodell vorliegt (Jordan et al., 2012), soll mit dieser Studie in Form eines theoriebasierten Modells musikpraktischer Kompetenz der erste Schritt zur empirischen Modellierung eines weiteren Bereichs, nämlich des musikpraktischen, vorgenommen werden. (DIPF/Orig.)

Ökonomische Bildung für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung. Eine phänomenographische Untersuchung in der Lehrerinnenbildung

[Es] wurden folgende Forschungsfragen entwickelt: (1) Welche Modelle aus den Bezugsdisziplinen der Umweltökonomie und Ökologischen Ökonomie haben hohe Bedeutung in den Fachwissenschaften und sind zugleich anschlussfähig an relevante erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung sowie curriculare Vorgaben? Was sind Bestandteile dieser fachwissenschaftlichen Schlüsselmodelle, die für eine ökonomische Allgemeinbildung bedeutsam sind? (2) Welche unterschiedlichen Präkonzepte nutzen Studierende der ökonomischen Bildung, wenn sie mit typischen, allgemein verständlich formulierten Problemen aus der Fachwissenschaft konfrontiert werden? (3) Wie können die Erkenntnisse über die fachlichen Modelle und Präkonzepte zur Planung von Seminaren genutzt werden? … Der erste Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Auswahl und Aufarbeitung bedeutsamer Modelle aus den Wirtschaftswissenschaften … Dafür wird einleitend das der Arbeit zugrunde liegende Verständnis ökonomischer Bildung entwickelt … Anschließend werden erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung sowie curriculare Vorgaben aufgearbeitet und zentrale Forschungsgebiete der Ökologischen Ökonomie und Umweltökonomie identifiziert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden zwei Schlüsselmodelle der relevanten Bezugsdisziplinen bestimmt, nämlich die ökonomische Bewertung und das Management von Ökosystemdienstleistungen (ÖSD) und umweltpolitische Instrumente. … In den Kapiteln 3 und 4 werden die beiden identifizierten Modelle inhaltlich entsprechend der Anforderungen des Literacy-Ansatzes detailliert aufgearbeitet. … Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden Präkonzepte, d. h. Vorstellungen, die bei Lernenden vor einem Bildungsprozess bestehen, zu Phänomenen erforscht, die anhand der beiden ausgewählten fachlichen Modelle (ökonomische Bewertung von ÖSD und umweltpolitische Instrumente) bearbeitet werden können. … Nach einer Beschreibung des phänomenographischen Forschungsansatzes werden die Untersuchungsgruppe, die Datenerhebung und -analyse beschrieben. … In den beiden anschließenden Kapiteln werden Lernendenvorstellungen analysiert, die in Beziehung zu den fachlichen Modellen stehen. In Kapitel 6 werden Vorstellungen der Lernenden zum Phänomen des Umgangs mit Ökosystemen, die auf unterschiedliche Weise genutzt werden können, beschrieben. Im Kapitel 7 geht es um das Phänomen der umweltpolitischen Maßnahmen und ihrer Bewertung. … Im Kapitel 8 werden Ergebnisse aus den vorherigen Kapiteln zusammengeführt und Vorschläge für die Gestaltung von Seminaren mit Studierenden der ökonomischen Bildung gemacht. Schließlich wird ein kurzer Ausblick auf weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten gegeben. (DIPF/Orig.)