Docke mon amour : Apropiación simbólica del espacio y sentidos de lugar del paisaje industrial de comienzo del siglo XX

En este informe, se analizó los procesos subjetivos y simbólicos que forman parte de los vínculos que establece la población de Dock Sud con su espacio barrial, estando el mismo fuertemente atravesado por la contaminación ambiental. Para ello, se trabajó con los aportes teóricos que provienen de la psicología ambiental y social y con la mirada holística que proponen los estudios del paisaje. De este modo, para analizar las percepciones actuales que posee la población sobre un paisaje urbano- industrial que tuvo grandes cambios a fines del siglo XIX y gran parte del siglo XX, se consideró necesario indagar en cómo participan los procesos de apropiación simbólica del espacio en la construcción de sentido de lugar de los habitantes. Principalmente, porque dicha localidad ha tenido grandes transformaciones en la infraestructura urbana y en el componente socio/ambiental, que inciden tanto en las interacciones cotidianas como en las percepciones que las personas poseen del lugar

Docke mon amour : Apropiación simbólica del espacio y sentidos de lugar del paisaje industrial de comienzo del siglo XX

En este informe, se analizó los procesos subjetivos y simbólicos que forman parte de los vínculos que establece la población de Dock Sud con su espacio barrial, estando el mismo fuertemente atravesado por la contaminación ambiental. Para ello, se trabajó con los aportes teóricos que provienen de la psicología ambiental y social y con la mirada holística que proponen los estudios del paisaje. De este modo, para analizar las percepciones actuales que posee la población sobre un paisaje urbano- industrial que tuvo grandes cambios a fines del siglo XIX y gran parte del siglo XX, se consideró necesario indagar en cómo participan los procesos de apropiación simbólica del espacio en la construcción de sentido de lugar de los habitantes. Principalmente, porque dicha localidad ha tenido grandes transformaciones en la infraestructura urbana y en el componente socio/ambiental, que inciden tanto en las interacciones cotidianas como en las percepciones que las personas poseen del lugar

Docke mon amour : Apropiación simbólica del espacio y sentidos de lugar del paisaje industrial de comienzo del siglo XX

En este informe, se analizó los procesos subjetivos y simbólicos que forman parte de los vínculos que establece la población de Dock Sud con su espacio barrial, estando el mismo fuertemente atravesado por la contaminación ambiental. Para ello, se trabajó con los aportes teóricos que provienen de la psicología ambiental y social y con la mirada holística que proponen los estudios del paisaje. De este modo, para analizar las percepciones actuales que posee la población sobre un paisaje urbano- industrial que tuvo grandes cambios a fines del siglo XIX y gran parte del siglo XX, se consideró necesario indagar en cómo participan los procesos de apropiación simbólica del espacio en la construcción de sentido de lugar de los habitantes. Principalmente, porque dicha localidad ha tenido grandes transformaciones en la infraestructura urbana y en el componente socio/ambiental, que inciden tanto en las interacciones cotidianas como en las percepciones que las personas poseen del lugar

Coccolithosphores and fossil organic compounds of sediment core MD01-2444

This study analyzes coccolithophore abundance fluctuations (e.g., Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa specimens, and Florisphaera profunda) in core MD01-2444 sediment strata retrieved at the Iberian Margin, northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Coccolithophores are calcareous nannofossils, a major component of the oceanic phytoplankton, which provide information about past ecological and climatological variability. Results are supported by data on fossil organic compounds (sea surface temperatures, alkenones, and n-hexacosan-1-ol index) and geochemical analyses (benthic d13Ccc and planktonic d18Occ isotopes). Three scenarios are taken into account for this location at centennial-scale resolution over the last 70,000 years: the Holocene and the stadial and interstadial modes. The different alternatives are described by means of elements such as nutrients; upwelling phenomena; temperatures at surface and subsurface level; or the arrival of surface turbid, fresh, and cold waters due to icebergs, low sea level, increased aridity, and dust. During the Holocene, moderate primary productivity was observed (mainly concentrated in E. huxleyi specimens); surface temperatures were at maxima while the water column was highly ventilated by northern-sourced polar deep waters and warmer subsurface, nutrient-poor subtropical waters. Over most of the last glacial stadials, surface productivity weakened (higher F. profunda and reworked specimen percentages and lower diunsaturated and triunsaturated C37 alkenones); the arrival of cold Arctic surface waters traced by tetraunsaturated C37 peaks and large E. huxleyi, together with powerful ventilated southern-sourced polar deep waters, disturbed, in all likelihood, the delicate vertical equilibrium while preventing significant upwelling mixing. Finally, during the last glacial interstadials (lower F. profunda percentages, nonreworked material, and higher diunsaturated and triunsaturated C37 alkenones) a combined signal is observed: warm surface temperatures were concurrent with generally low oxygenation of the deep-sea floor, moderate arrival of northern-sourced deep waters, and subsurface cold, nutrient-rich, recently upwelled waters, probably of polar origin; these particular conditions may have promoted vertical mixing while enhancing surface primary productivity (mainly of Gephyrocapsa specimens).

Integration versus Outsourcing in Stable Industry Equilibrium with Communication Networks

For the selection of a firm's structure between vertical integration and arm's-length outsourcing, the importance of the thickness of the market had been emphasized in the previous literature. Here we take account of communication networks such as telephone, telex, fax, and the Internet. By doing so, we could illustrate the relationship between communication networks and the make-or-buy decision. With communication network technology differing in each type of firm, both vertically integrated firms and arm's-length outsourcing firms coexist, which was never indicated in the previous literature. However, when common network technology is introduced, such coexistence generically does not occur.

Chapter 2 Equilibrium locations of upstream and downstream firms

This paper explores the interaction between upstream firms and downstream firms in a two-region general equilibrium model. In many countries, lower tariff rates are set for intermediate manufactured goods and higher tariff rates are set for final manufactured goods. The derived results imply that such settings of tariff rates tend to preserve a symmetric spread of upstream and downstream firms, and continuing tariff reduction may cause core-periphery structures. In the case in which the circular causality between upstream and downstream firms is focused as agglomeration forces, the present model is fully solved. Thus, we find that (1) the present model displays, at most, three interior steady states, (2) when the asymmetric steady-states exist, they are unstable and (3) location displays hysteresis when the transport costs of intermediate manufactured goods are sufficiently high.

Domestic, vertical, and horizontal multinationals : a general equilibrium approach using the "knowledge capital model"

One of the key factors behind the growth in global trade in recent decades is an increase in intermediate input as a result of the development of vertical production networks (Feensta, 1998). It is widely recognized that the formation of production networks is due to the expansion of multinational enterprises' (MNEs) activities. MNEs have been differentiated into two types according to their production structure: horizontal and vertical foreign direct investment (FDI). In this paper, we extend the model presented by Zhang and Markusen (1999) to include horizontal and vertical FDI in a model with traded intermediates, using numerical general equilibrium analysis. The simulation results show that horizontal MNEs are more likely to exist when countries are similar in size and in relative factor endowments. Vertical MNEs are more likely to exist when countries differ in relative factor endowments, and trade costs are positive. From the results of the simulation, lower trade costs of final goods and differences in factor intensity are conditions for attracting vertical MNEs.

Parameterization of applied general equilibrium models with flexible trade specifications based on the Armington, Krugman, and Melitz models

This paper explains how the Armington-Krugman-Melitz supermodel developed by Dixon and Rimmer can be parameterized, and demonstrates that only two kinds of additional information are required in order to extend a standard trade model to include Melitz-type monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms. Further, it is shown how specifying too much additional information leads to violations of the model constraints, necessitating adjustment and reconciliation of the data. Once a Melitz-type model is parameterized, a Krugman-type model can also be parameterized using the calibrated values in the Melitz-type model without any additional data. Sample code for the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) has also been prepared to promote the innovative supermodel in the AGE community.

Spatial price equilibrium and the transport sector : a trade-consistent SCGE model

This paper presents a framework for an SCGE model that is compatible with the Armington assumption and explicitly considers transport activities. In the model, the trade coefficient takes the form of a potential function,and the equilibrium market price becomes similar to the price index of varietal goods in the context of new economic geography (NEG). The features of the model are investigated by using the minimal setting, which comprises two non-transport sectors and three regions. Because transport costs are given exogenously to facilitate study of their impacts, commodity prices are also determined relative to them. The model can be described as a system of homogeneous equations, where an output in one region can arbitrarily be determined similarly as a price in the Walrasian equilibrium. The model closure is sensitive to formulation consistency so that homogeneity of the system would be lost by use of an alternative form of trade coefficients.

Neutrality in the choice of number of firms or level of fixed costs in calibrating an Armington-Krugman-Melitz encompassing module for applied general equilibrium models

This paper shows how an Armington-Krugman-Melitz encompassing module based on Dixon and Rimmer (2012) can be calibrated, and clarifies the choice of initial levels for two kinds of number of firms, or parameter values for two kinds of fixed costs, that enter a Melitz-type specification can be set freely to any preferred value, just as the cases we derive quantities from given value data assuming some of the initial prices to be unity. In consequence, only one kind of additional information, which is on the shape parameter related to productivity, just is required in order to incorporate Melitz-type monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms into a standard applied general equilibrium model. To be a Krugman-type, nothing is needed. This enables model builders in applied economics to fully enjoy the featured properties of the theoretical models invented by Krugman (1980) and Melitz (2003) in practical policy simulations at low cost.