Etude sanitaire de la zone 17.52 - Ronce les Bains - Barat, Charente-Maritime

Suite à la demande d'exploitation de la zone de Ronce les Bains – Barat par le Comité Régional de la Conchyliculture du Poitou-Charentes (CRCPC), la Direction Départementale du Territoire et de la Mer (DDTM) a demandé la réalisation d'une étude sanitaire en vue du classement de cette zone de production pour les bivalves fouisseurs (groupe 2). Cette étude réalisée par le Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais bénéficie d'un financement de la Direction Générale de l'Alimentation (DGAL). Basée sur le paramètre microbiologique (Escherichia coli) et chimiques (plomb, mercure, cadmium). L'étude sanitaire a pour objectifs : d'estimer la qualité microbiologique et chimique de la zone en vue du classement sanitaire de la zone par l'administration conformément aux exigences du Règlement CE n° 854/2004 ; et de déterminer la stratégie d'échantillonnage à mettre en oeuvre dans le cadre de la surveillance sanitaire régulière de cette zone suite à son classement. L’étude des informations disponibles a permis l’identification de sources de contamination potentielle et la définition d’une stratégie d’échantillonnage. Trois points de suivi ont été positionnés dans des secteurs jugés sensibles aux sources de contamination, et ont été échantillonnés de février 2011 à janvier 2013. Les concentrations maximales en cadmium, mercure et plomb sont inférieures aux critères chimiques réglementaires et sont compatibles avec un classement A, B ou C. Le suivi microbiologique réalisé indique une qualité B pour chacun des deux points de suivi selon les seuils microbiologiques définis par le règlement (CE) n° 854/2004 (un troisième point a été arrêté au cours de l’étude pour manque de ressource). La qualité de la zone est donc estimée B dans son ensemble. Le point « Ronce » est le plus sensible aux contaminations microbiologiques, la surveillance régulière REMI de la zone de Ronce les Bains – Barat pour le groupe 2 sera donc basée sur ce point.

Etude sanitaire de la zone 17.51 de Bourgeois. Charente-Maritime.

Suite à la demande d’exploitation de la zone de Bourgeois par les professionnels, la Direction Départementale du Territoire et de la Mer (DDTM) a demandé la réalisation d’une étude sanitaire en vue du classement de cette zone de production pour les bivalves fouisseurs (groupe 2 ).Cette étude réalisée par le Laboratoire Environnement ressources des Pertuis Charentais bénéficie d’un financement de la Direction Générale de l’Alimentation (DGAL). Basée sur le paramètre microbiologique (Escherichia coli) et chimiques (plomb, mercure, cadmium), l’étude sanitaire a pour objectifs : d’estimer la qualité microbiologique et chimique de la zone en vue du classement sanitaire de la zone par l’administration conformément aux exigences du Règlement CE n° 854/2004 ; et de déterminer la stratégie d’échantillonnage à mettre en œuvre dans le cadre de la surveillance sanitaire régulière de cette zone suite à son classement. L’étude des informations disponibles a permis l’identification de sources de contamination potentielle et la définition d’une stratégie d’échantillonnage. Trois points de suivi ont été positionnés dans des secteurs jugés sensibles aux sources de contamination et ont été échantillonnés du 21 juillet 2011 au 20 août 2012. Les concentrations maximales en cadmium, mercure et plomb sont inférieures aux critères chimiques réglementaires et sont compatibles avec un classement en A, B ou C. Le suivi microbiologique réalisé indique une qualité B pour chacun des trois points de suivi selon les seuils microbiologiques définis par le règlement (CE) n° 854/2004. La qualité de la zone est donc estimée B dans son ensemble. Le point « Bonnemort » est retenu pour la surveillance régulière REMI du groupe 2 dans la zone n° 17-51 Bourgeois.

Between path dependency and contingency: new challenges for the geography of port system evolution.

Seaports play a critical role as gateways and facilitators of economic interchange and logistics processes and thus have become crucial nodes in globalised production networks andmobility systems. Both the physical port infrastructure and its operational superstructure have undergone intensive evolution processes in an effort to adapt to changing economic environments, technological advances,maritime industry expectations and institutional reforms. The results, in terms of infrastructure, operator models and the role of an individual port within the port system, vary by region, institutional and economic context. While ports have undoubtedly developed in scale to respond to the changing volumes and structures in geographies of trade (Wilmsmeier, 2015), the development of hinterland access infrastructure, regulatory systems and institutional structures have in many instances lagged behind. The resulting bottlenecks reflect deficits in the interplay between the economic system and the factors defining port development (e.g. transport demand, the structure of trade, transport services, institutional capacities, etc. cf. Cullinane and Wilmsmeier, 2011). There is a wide range of case study approaches and analyses of individual ports, but analyses from a port system perspective are less common, and those that exist are seldom critical of the dominant discourse assuming the efficiency of market competition (cf. Debrie et al., 2013). This special section aims to capture the spectrum of approaches in current geography research on port system evolution. Thus, the papers reach from the traditional spatial approach (Rodrigue and Ashar, this volume) to network analysis (Mohamed-Chérif and Ducruet, this volume) to institutional discussions (Vonck and Notteboom, this volume; Wilmsmeier and Monios, this volume). The selection of papers allows an opening of discussion and reflection on current research, necessary critical analysis of the influences on port systemevolution and,most importantly, future directions. The remainder of this editorial aims to reflect on these challenges and identify the potential for future research.

CAST OFF: MARITIME LABOR IN AMERICA FROM 1935 TO 1955

Many studies have observed the precipitous decline in American shipping following the Second World War. Most focus on changes in maritime policy and the upsurge of flags of convenience. Yet this interpretation relegates mariners to a footnote. This thesis argues that America abandoned its seamen years before it abandoned its merchant marine, and that the labor story is an integral and largely overlooked dimension of the industry’s broader decline. It explores how the status and makeup of American seamen underwent monumental shifts from 1935 to 1955. Increased nationalization, improved conditions, and a patriotic cause boosted the standing of the industry, but federal and union intervention also changed the composition of the workforce and even eroded seamen’s status. These greater controls on mariners negatively affected the industry and this work contends that labor played a role in the transformation, and even decline, of the overall American Merchant Marine.

Reconciling History and International Law: Territorial and Maritime Claims in the South China Sea and East China Sea

High-ranking Chinese military officials are often quoted in international media as stating that China cannot afford to lose even an inch of Chinese territory, as this territory has been passed down from Chinese ancestors. Such statements are not new in Chinese politics, but recently this narrative has made an important transition. While previously limited to disputes over land borders, such rhetoric is now routinely applied to disputes involving islands and maritime borders. China is increasingly oriented toward its maritime borders and seems unwilling to compromise on delimitation disputes, a transition mirrored by many states across the globe. In a similar vein, scholarship has found that territorial disputes are particularly intractable and volatile when compared with other types of disputes, and a large body of research has grappled with producing systematic knowledge of territorial conflict. Yet in this wide body of literature, an important question has remained largely unanswered - how do states determine which geographical areas will be included in their territorial and maritime claims? In other words, if nations are willing to fight and die for an inch of national territory, how do governments draw the boundaries of the nation? This dissertation uses in-depth case studies of some of the most prominent territorial and maritime disputes in East Asia to argue that domestic political processes play a dominant and previously under-explored role in both shaping claims and determining the nature of territorial and maritime disputes. China and Taiwan are particularly well suited for this type of investigation, as they are separate claimants in multiple disputes, yet they both draw upon the same historical record when establishing and justifying their claims. Leveraging fieldwork in Taiwan, China, and the US, this dissertation includes in-depth case studies of China’s and Taiwan’s respective claims in both the South China Sea and East China Sea disputes. Evidence from this dissertation indicates that officials in both China and Taiwan have struggled with how to reconcile history and international law when establishing their claims, and that this struggle has introduced ambiguity into China's and Taiwan's claims. Amid this process, domestic political dynamics have played a dominant role in shaping the options available and the potential for claims to change in the future. In Taiwan’s democratic system, where national identity is highly contested through party politics, opinions vary along a broad spectrum as to the proper borders of the nation, and there is considerable evidence that Taiwan’s claims may change in the near future. In contrast, within China’s single-party authoritarian political system, where nationalism is source of regime legitimacy, views on the proper interpretation of China’s boundaries do vary, but along a much more narrow range. In the dissertation’s final chapter, additional cases, such as South Korea’s position on Dokdo and Indonesia’s approach to the defense of Natuna are used as points of comparison to further clarify theoretical findings.

FlorNExT®, a cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) stands in Northeastern Portugal

Aim of the study: To introduce and describe FlorNExT®, a free cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) even-aged stands in the Northeast of Portugal (NE Portugal). Area of study: NE Portugal. Material and methods: FlorNExT® implements a dynamic growth and yield modelling framework which integrates transition functions for dominant height (site index curves) and basal area, as well as output functions for tree and stand volume, biomass, and carbon content. Main results: FlorNExT® is freely available from any device with an Internet connection at: http://flornext.esa.ipb.pt/. Research highlights: This application has been designed to make it possible for any stakeholder to easily estimate standing volume, biomass, and carbon content in maritime pine stands from stand data, as well as to estimate growth and yield based on four stand variables: age, density, dominant height, and basal area. FlorNExT® allows planning thinning treatments. FlorNExT® is a fundamental tool to support forest mobilization at local and regional scales in NE Portugal. Material and methods: FlorNExT® implements a dynamic growth and yield modelling framework which integrates transition functions for dominant height (site index curves) and basal area, as well as output functions for tree and stand volume, biomass, and carbon content. Main results: FlorNExT® is freely available from any device with an Internet connection at: http://flornext.esa.ipb.pt/. Research highlights: This application has been designed to make it possible for any stakeholder to easily estimate standing volume, biomass, and carbon content in maritime pine stands from stand data, as well as to estimate growth and yield based on four stand variables: age, density, dominant height, and basal area. FlorNExT® allows planning thinning treatments. FlorNExT® is a fundamental tool to support forest mobilization at local and regional scales in NE Portugal.

Procedimentos de informação portuária electrónica

A integração de sistemas é uma necessidade cada vez mais necessária face à exigência e competitividade dos negócios. Uma forma de respondermos a estes factos é através da tecnologia, acompanhando-a e aprofundando-a. O presente documento apresenta uma proposta de solução tecnológica a estes factos. O caso que iremos abordar trata-se da necessidade de renovar o sistema de gestão portuária a nível nacional, garantido uma continuidade de negócio, assim como a implementação de novas funcionalidades que permitam a esta plataforma ser totalmente independente e integrável com outros sistemas e/ou adaptável a outras organizações no futuro. SOA, Service Oriented Architecture, foi a filosofia adoptada para garantir a facilitação do tráfego marítimo através da harmonização de processos e procedimentos entre os vários portos, fundamentalmente no referente à interconexão e interoperabilidade, e a partilha e troca electrónica de informação processual entre os vários membros da comunidade marítima e portuária. ABSTRACT; System integration is a necessity progressively more required due to the business demand and competitiveness. It is possible to respond to the latter facts with technology, by following it and developing it. This study proposes a technological solution for the abovementioned facts. The case to be addressed is the need to renovate the port management system in a nationwide scale, assuring simultaneously the continuity of the business and the implementation of new functionalities that allow for this platform to be utterly independent and applicable to other systems and/or adaptable to other organizations in the future. SOA, Service Oriented Architecture, was the theory adopted to guarantee the simplification of the maritime traffic, by harmonizing the processes and the procedures among the several ports, especially concerning the interconnection and interoperability, and the electronic sharing and exchange of information referent to processes amongst the numerous members of the maritime and port community.

Evaluation de la qualité des zones de production conchylicole en Normandie. Département du Calvados, de la Manche et de la Seine-Maritime. Edition 2016

Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport décrit les programmes annuels de suivi microbiologique et chimique des zones conchylicoles de Normandie (départements Seine-Maritime, Calvados, Manche). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus de 2013 à 2015, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Ce rapport intègre également les résultats du réseau « Coquillages » de l’Agence Régionale de Santé de Basse Normandie dans le cadre de la surveillance de la qualité des zones de pêche à pieds récréative.

Rôle des ports dans le cycle de vie des poissons. Les ports : nurseries de sars ?

Le présent document constitue un rapport final de l’étude dont l’objectif peut s’énoncer comme suit : « les zones portuaires peuvent elles être des nurseries de sars ? ». Tenter de répondre à cette question, simple en apparence, nécessite de mener des études aux niveaux populationnel et individuel et ce afin de comprendre les processus sous-jacents. Quatre volets ont été menés. Dans le premier volet, à partir des données issues du projet Nappex, nous avons étudié les changements spatio-temporels d’abondance de quatre espèces de sars dans cinq marinas réparties le long de la façade Méditerranéenne. Dans un second volet, nous avons cherché à comparer les cinétiques de mortalité post-installation de deux espèces de sars en milieu portuaire et naturel. Dans un troisième volet, la croissance et la condition de deux mêmes espèces de sars ont été comparées entre des zones portuaires et des zones naturelles. Enfin, dans un quatrième volet, nous avons cherché à mettre en place des outils pour appréhender la migration des juvéniles des zones portuaires vers les zones naturelles pour rejoindre les populations adultes.

Obsvente. Protocole d’échantillonnage biologique de la pêche maritime française dans les criées

L'action Echantillonnages biologiques des captures a pour objet de réaliser des échantillonnages en taille des débarquements des navires de pêche professionnels dans les principaux points de débarquement en France métropolitaine, selon le programme national avalisé par les services de la Commission européenne et dans le cadre plus général de l’action dédiée et dénommée Observation des ventes (acronyme ObsVente). L’objectif est de produire des structures en taille des débarquements des principales espèces commerciales pour les besoins des évaluations de stocks par les Organisations Régionales de Gestion des Pêches (ORGP) et autres instances scientifiques internationales compétentes (comme le CIEM), conformément aux obligations internationales de la Communauté et de ses États Membres (règlement (CE) N°199/2008, article 20).

Procedural aspects concerning maritime law

Along this work we wish to highlight the main influence of Procedural Law in some as-pects in our Maritime Law. Our point of view has been supported by new Maritime Naviga-tion Act of 2014, when including the Title X ruling "Procedures Specialities in Maritime Navigation". We are focusing on the Bill of Lading as an essential document in maritime shipping from a procedural point of view. It is particulary relevant the express recognition of its enforce-able nature through the Spanish Maritime Navigation Act, giving to the bill of lading the consideration as an true extrajudicial enforceable title. We will point out the main error of the spanish regulator in the new Maritime Navigation Act, when repeating the provided posibility in the Spanish Civil Procedure Act, of a direct procedure of execution grounded on a extrajuditial enforcement such as the bill of lading. Finally, we would like to conclude the work studying the possible uses of Small Claim Procedure of the 812 article and followings of Spanish Civil Procedure Law, for the pur-pose of safeguarding credit, so as a short mention to other procedural figures expressly in-cluded in the Title IX of Maritime Navigation Law.

Building an Ontology of Product/Service-Systems: Using a Maritime Case Study to Elicit Classifications and Characteristics

Part 4: Transition Towards Product-Service Systems

Harmonised framework for ecological risk assessment of sediments from ports and estuarine zones of North and South Atlantic

This paper presents a harmonised framework of sediment quality assessment and dredging material characterisation for estuaries and port zones of North and South Atlantic. This framework, based on the weight-of-evidence approach, provides a structure and a process for conducting sediment/dredging material assessment that leads to a decision. The main structure consists of step 1 (examination of available data); step 2 (chemical characterisation and toxicity assessment); decision 1 (any chemical level higher than reference values? are sediments toxic?); step 3 (assessment of benthic community structure); step 4 (integration of the results); decision 2 (are sediments toxic or benthic community impaired?); step 5 (construction of the decision matrix) and decision 3 (is there environmental risk?). The sequence of assessments may be interrupted when the information obtained is judged to be sufficient for a correct characterisation of the risk posed by the sediments/dredging material. This framework brought novel features compared to other sediment/dredging material risk assessment frameworks: data integration through multivariate analysis allows the identification of which samples are toxic and/or related to impaired benthic communities; it also discriminates the chemicals responsible for negative biological effects; and the framework dispenses the use of a reference area. We demonstrated the successful application of this framework in different port and estuarine zones of the North (Gulf of Cadiz) and South Atlantic (Santos and Paranagua Estuarine Systems).