Physical characteristics and bacterial production and respiration at stations sampled during 2008 in the eastern Beaufort Sea

Bacterial carbon demand, an important component of ecosystem dynamics in polar waters and sea ice, is a function of both bacterial production (BP) and respiration (BR). BP has been found to be generally higher in sea ice than underlying waters, but rates of BR and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) are poorly characterized in sea ice. Using melted ice core incubations, community respiration (CR), BP, and bacterial abundance (BA) were studied in sea ice and at the ice-water interface (IWI) in the Western Canadian Arctic during the spring and summer 2008. CR was converted to BR empirically. BP increased over the season and was on average 22 times higher in sea ice as compared with the IWI. Rates in ice samples were highly variable ranging from 0.2 to 18.3 µg C/l/d. BR was also higher in ice and on average ~10 times higher than BP but was less variable ranging from 2.39 to 22.5 µg C/l/d. Given the high variability in BP and the relatively more stable rates of BR, BP was the main driver of estimated BGE (r**2 = 0.97, P < 0.0001). We conclude that microbial respiration can consume a significant proportion of primary production in sea ice and may play an important role in biogenic CO2 fluxes between the sea ice and atmosphere.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the VERMILION SEA Expedition stations

On Vermilion Sea Expedition two research vessels among which the R/V Spencer F. Baird conducted a geological and geophysical exploration of the Gulf of California from February to May, 1959. Support was obtained from the Office of Naval Research and the Bureau of Ships of the U. S. Navy and from a grant of the American Petroleum Institute. Study of the canyons was one feature of the first part of the expedition. Submarine canyon studies were directed by Francis P. Shepard, Professor of Submarine Geology, aboard the research vessel Spencer F. Baird. The expedition found that the narrow channel between Angel de la Guarda Island, toward the head of the Gulf, and the peninsula is scoured almost free of sediments by strong currents. On the other side of Angel de la Guarda Island, between it and the mainland, one of the dredge hauls brought up a manganese nodule. It came from a depth of approximately 1500 feet. This is the shallowest water in which the nodules have been found. Studies have been under way some time on the feasibility of mining such nodules from the sea floor. They contain cobalt, nickel, copper and other valuable metals. (also in, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Vermilion Sea Expedition to the Gulf of California, http://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb34484017)

The interstitial subsoil fauna on the beach of Sarso Island, Red Sea

The scope of this research was to find out, how important is the presence of brackish water for the formation of the characteristical littoral subsoil fauna in the interstitial spaces of beaches. There is little precipitation in the Red Sea area and therefore little influence of freshwater on the beach. Moreover, the sandy beach of Sarso Island (Farasan Archipelago) is bordered landwards and underneath by solid limestone, preventing subsoil fresh water, if there is any, from penetrating into the beach region. The salinity of the interstitial water from Sarso beach lies a little above the salinity of the adjacent sea. The microfauna of Sarso beach is composed to a rather big proportion of such species that are known to be characteristical littoral subsoil water species, partially of world wide distribution. The ecological analysis of this fauna, i.e. the freeliving Nematodes, reveals the presence of two distinct associations: 1. the association of the low level subsoil region, close to the sea, with clear interstitial water, subject to regular exchange with the water of the adjcent sea. 2. the association of the high level subsoil region, 4-10 meter distant from the sea, with brownish water. Contrary to earlier results there is no distinction in salinity between the two associations, so it is not longer justified to apply the term brackish water fauna on the animals living in the association of the high level subsoil region.

Clay minerals in the Norwegian Sea and Fram Strait, investigation from sediment traps and cores

The grain size distribution and clay mineral composition of lithogenic particles of ice-rafted material, sinking matter, surface sediments, as well as from deep-sea cores are analysed. The samples were collected in the Fram Strait, the Arctic Ocean, and the Norwegian Sea during several expeditions with the research vessels "Polarstern", "Meteor" and "Poseidon", and Norwegian rearch vessels. Sinking matter was caught with sediment traps, fitted with timer-controlled sample changers, which had been deployde in the sea for usually one year.

Shore and sea boundaries : with special reference to the interpretation and use of Coast and Geodetic Survey data.

Vol. 3 by: Michael W. Reed.

The daughter of the storage [electronic resource] : and other things in prose and verse /

The daughter of the storage.--A presentiment.--Captain Dunlevy's last trip.--The return to favor.--Somebody's mother.--The face at the window.--An experience.--The boarders.--Breakfast is my best meal.--The mother-bird.--The amigo.--Black Cross farm.--The critical bookstore.--A feast of reason.--City and country in the fall.--Table talk.--The escapade of a grandfather.--Self-sacrifice: a farce-tragedy.--The night before Christmas.

The collected works of Henrik Ibsen.

"Entirely revised and edited by William Archer."

Report of the malaria expedition to the Gambia 1902, of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology /

Includes bibliographic references.

Report of the Attorney General of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, for the years .

Description based on: 1887 and 1888.

From Mons to Ypres with French; a personal narrative,

Mode of access: Internet.

Sketch of the Tower of London, as a fortress, a prison, and a palace.

Cover title dated 1879.

The roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London : comprising biographical sketches of all the eminent physicians whose names are recorded in the Annals from the foundation of the college in 1518 to its removal in 1825, from Warwick Lane to Pall Mall East /

Includes indexes.

The novels of William Harrison Ainsworth.

"Memoir" of William Harrison Ainsworth by W. E. A. Axon: vol. XI, p. xi-xiiii.

How England saved Europe; the story of the great war (1793-1815)

v. 1. From the Low Countries to Egypt.--v. 2. The struggle for the sea.--v. 3. The war in the Peninsula.--v. 4. Waterloo and St. Helena.