Femoroacetabular impingement: normal values of the quantitative morphometric parameters in asymptomatic hips.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the means and the reference intervals of the quantitative morphometric parameters of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in normal hips with high-resolution computed tomography (CT). METHODS: We prospectively included 94 adult individuals who underwent CT for thoracic, abdominal or urologic pathologies. Patients with a clinical history of hip pathology and/or with osteoarthritis on CT were excluded. We calculated means and 95 % reference intervals for imaging signs of cam-type (alpha angle at 90° and 45° and femoral head-neck offset) and pincer-type impingement (acetabular version angle, lateral centre-edge angle and acetabular index). RESULTS: The 95 % reference interval limits were all far beyond the abnormal thresholds found in the literature for cam-type and to a lesser extent for pincer-type FAI. The upper limits of the reference intervals for the alpha angles (at 90°/45°) were 68°/83° (men) and 69°/84° (women), compared to thresholds from the literature (50°, 55° or 60°). Reference intervals were similar between genders for cam-type parameters, and slightly differed for pincer-type. CONCLUSION: The 95 % reference intervals of morphometric measurements of FAI in asymptomatic hips were beyond the abnormal thresholds, which was especially true for cam-type FAI. Our results suggest the need for redefining the current morphometric parameters used in the diagnosis of FAI. KEY POINTS: ? 95 % reference intervals limits of FAI morphotype were beyond currently defined thresholds. ? Reference intervals of pincer-type morphotype measurements were close to current definitions. ? Reference intervals of cam-type morphotype measurements were far beyond the current definitions. ? Current morphometric definitions of cam-type morphotype should be used with care.

Comunidade política, imigração e coesão social: o caso português

This work contributes to an understanding of how the existence of multiple ethnic- cultural belongings in the political community concurs with the maintenance of a socially cohesive and politically united community. Considering the immigration reality in Portugal, we tried to identify the bonds that link immigrants to the political community and how those bonds can be mobilized to integrate immigrants in a common living project inside the national territory. Methodologically, this investigation is based in a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the policies and measures applied in Portugal in the immigration sphere, as well as the results of the empirical work we carried out with two immigration groups (Brazilians and Cape Verdeans) living in Lisbon’s metropolitan area, and the answers to a survey we sent to immigrant associations. The results of this research revealed the existence of a certain political ambivalence concerning the immigrant integration process, which expresses itself to a certain degree in the way national citizens and immigrants appraise the immigrant contribution to Portuguese society. The prevailing and blurred idea states that immigration expenses don’t make up for the benefits, and that is likely to influence the mutual relationship established between the two. Despite the existence of objective situations of social and economic disparity and despite a feeling of discrimination shared between immigrants, it is possible to identify a progressive citizenship universalization and the formal acceptance of immigrant religious and cultural traditions, even though the Portuguese parliament does not reflect such diversity. Thus, we perceive the possibility of warranting specific ethnic and cultural minority rights without the ethnicization or culturalization of political representation, and the general standards that serve as a backbone to the national political community might be enough to warrant that protection. Notwithstanding, some signs suggest that immigrant access to public sphere might not be easy, and this might have repercussions in the visibility and in the public discussion of demands, with outcomes on the type of integration policies Portugal applies.

Morfologia comparada da genitália masculina de Galerucini (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae)

A morfologia da genitália, especialmente a do macho, tem sido muito utilizada para elucidar problemas taxonômicos e evolutivos de crisomelídeos e paticularmente em Galerucini. Nesta contribuição, representantes de gêneros de Galerucini das subtribos que ocorrem nas Regiões Neotropical e Neártica foram selecionados para estudo. Descrições comparativas e ilustrações da genitália masculina são apresentadas para as espécies: Coelomera lanio (Dalman, 1823) e Dircema nigripenne (Fabricius, 1792) (Subtribo Galerucina); Exora encaustica (Germar, 1824) e Uaupesia amazona (Weise, 1921) (Subtribo Metacyclina); Paranapiacaba teinturieri (Allard, 1894) e Isotes eruptiva (Bechyné, 1955) (Subtribo Luperina). O spiculum gastrale está presente nas espécies estudadas de Metacyclina e Luperina. No lobo médio, as estruturas basais em forma de gancho direcionadas ventralmente só não ocorrem em P. teinturieri e em I. eruptiva, que possuem um processo em forma de capuz protegendo o orifício basal. A fenestra sub-basal é observada em C. lanio e em U. amazona; o flagellum, um esclerito do saco interno, ocorre somente em U. amazona. O conhecimento da morfologia da genitália masculina em Galerucini ainda é incipiente e deve ser ampliado, com a inclusão de inúmeros gêneros ainda não estudados.