Russian army justifies its reforms. OSW Commentary No. 109, 2013-06-25

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have been more active than usual since mid- -February this year, holding a number of previously unannounced military exercises aimed at testing combat readiness. They have also maintained, for many months, a Russian warship task force in the Mediterranean in connection with the civil war in Syria. Those activities stand out of the usual training routine of the Russian army. They have no precedent in Russia’s recent history in terms of the size of the forces involved, the measures employed, the territorial span, the number of exercises, or the scheduling and mode of carrying out the drills. The last combat-readiness tests on this scale were carried out by the Soviet army in the 1980s. The intensity of the Russian Navy’s activities in the Mediterranean and the military means engaged are comparable, in due proportion, with the activities of the Soviet fleet during the Vietnam war. The Russian leadership, including president Vladimir Putin, has been directly following the recent activities of the Russian Armed Forces and their evolution.

Towards a professional army. Changes to the structure of the officer cadre and the manning system of the Russian armed forces. OSW Commentary No. 73, 2012-03-28

The structure of the Russian army’s personnel has undergone a major transformation in recent years. The Armed Forces are no longer a downsized continuation of the Soviet-era mass army, but are gradually becoming a de facto professional army in which conscription, now employed on a diminishing scale, will primarily constitute a first step towards a continued professional military career. The cornerstone for the process of professionalisation has been laid by a personnel reform which cut the number of officer posts by nearly half and considerably restricted the recruitment of new officers, thus restoring traditional proportions to the structure of the officer corps. The plans to ultimately implement a manning system based predominantly on contract service are a natural consequence of these changes. The ongoing professionalisation of the Russian Armed Forces should be treated as a conscious effort which is mainly necessitated by global trends: despite the demographic changes taking place, Russia could still maintain an army with a declared strength of one million soldiers, most of them conscripts.

Federalist rhetoric or political tactics? The what, where, who, when and why of Juncker’s call for a common European army. EPC Commentary, 12 March 2015

In an interview with the German newspaper Welt am Sonntag on 8 March 2015, the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, strongly advocated a common European army to consolidate peace in Europe, react to security threats both within the continent and in its neighbourhood, defend European values vis-à-vis aggressive powers, notably Russia, and create economies of scale by consolidating demand for military equipment.

Estreitar laços com solidariedade e saúde: um projeto no âmbito do envelhecimento ativo e da solidariedade entre gerações

Atualmente a nossa sociedade depara-se com diversos problemas sociais, como o envelhecimento populacional, a mudança de padrões económicos e de bem-estar seguros, a dissolvência das estruturas familiares e o isolamento social dos idosos. Com o objetivo de minimizar esta tendência, pretendemos promover a prática intergeracional visando unir as pessoas em atividades propositadas, mutuamente benéficas, que promovam uma maior compreensão e respeito entre gerações, contribuindo para a construção de comunidades mais coesas. Participantes. Um grupo de 17 jovens alunos da turma C do 7º ano de escolaridade da Escola Básica e Secundária de Ourém e um grupo de 15 utentes da Universidade Sénior de Ourém. Método. Os participantes realizaram, em conjunto, ações em diversas áreas como o voluntariado, solidariedade, promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida em cooperação entre gerações. Com o apoio das várias entidades locais, estes tornaram-se mentores e dinamizadores de diversas ações, incentivando os seus pares numa perspetiva aglutinadora a envolverem-se nas diferentes iniciativas inerentes ao Projeto ELSS - Estreitar Laços com Solidariedade e Saúde. Resultados. Com este projeto desenvolveu-se uma comunidade ativa, envolvida num conjunto de boas práticas, tendo em vista o envelhecimento ativo e a prática de atividades intergeracionais, incentivando o envelhecimento saudável e pró-ativo. Através do estudo efetuado evidenciamos que após a sua implementação, o aumento da perceção da felicidade por parte dos seniores aumentou. Desenvolvemos uma comunidade sustentável através de diversas ações comunitárias e sociais com impacto sobre a população. As atividades intergeracionais que se concretizaram, foram significativas e tiveram um contributo importante na vida dos jovens e seniores. Conclusões. Os resultados obtidos foram muito satisfatórios; o projeto teve uma projeção e adesão surpreendentes, que evidenciam a importância da sua continuidade no mesmo local, ou com possível replicação em comunidades com caraterísticas idênticas.

Differences Between Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty in the Lao PDR: Implications for Targeting of Poverty Reduction Policies and Interventions

This study compares monetary and multidimensional poverty measures for the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Using household data of 2007/2008, we compare the empirical outcomes of the country’s current official monetary poverty measure with those of a multidimensional poverty measure. We analyze which population subgroups are identified as poor by both measures and thus belong to the category of the poorest of the poor; and we look at which subgroups are identified as poor by only one of the measures and belong either to the category of the income-poor (identified as poor only by the monetary measure) or to that of the overlooked poor (identified as poor only by the multidimensional poverty measure). Furthermore, we examined drivers of these differences using a multinomial regression model and found that monetary poverty does not capture the multiple deprivations of ethnic minorities, who are only identified as poor when using a multidimensional poverty measure. We conclude that complementing the monetary poverty measure with a multidimensional poverty index would enable more effective targeting of poverty reduction efforts.

Sedimentation rates calculated on surface sediment samples from different site of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Table 1)

Radiocarbon ages on CaCO3 from deep-sea cores offer constraints on the nature of the CaCO3 dissolution process. The idea is that the toll taken by dissolution on grains within the core top bioturbation zone should be in proportion to their time of residence in this zone. If so, dissolution would shift the mass distribution in favor of younger grains, thereby reducing the mean radiocarbon age for the grain ensemble. We have searched in vain for evidence supporting the existence of such an age reduction. Instead, we find that for water depths of more than 4 km in the tropical Pacific the radiocarbon age increases with the extent of dissolution. We can find no satisfactory steady state explanation and are forced to conclude that this increase must be the result of chemical erosion. The idea is that during the Holocene the rate of dissolution of CaCO3 has exceeded the rain rate of CaCO3. In this circumstance, bioturbation exhumes CaCO3 from the underlying glacial sediment and mixes it with CaCO3 raining from the sea surface.

The Royal Regiment of Artillery at Le Cateau, Wednesday, 26th August, 1914 /

Mode of access: Internet.