La Phoronomia (1716) de Jacob Hermann (1678 -1733): entre la filosofía natural y la mecánica analítica

La "Phoronomia", primer libro de mecánica escrito tras los "Principia", es representativo del proceso de transición que transformó la dinámica a principios del XVIII y que concluye con la "Mecánica" de Euler (1736). Está escrita en estilo geométrico y algebraico, y mezcla los conceptos y métodos de Leibniz y Newton de forma idiosincrásica. En esta obra se encuentra por primera vez la segunda ley de Newton escrita en la forma en que hoy la conocemos, así como un intento de construcción de la estática y la dinámica de sólidos y fluidos basado en reglas generales diferenciales.

Binge eating in binge eating disorder: a break-down of emotion regulatory process?

Current explanatory models for binge eating in binge eating disorder (BED) mostly rely onmodels for bulimianervosa (BN), although research indicates different antecedents for binge eating in BED. This studyinvestigates antecedents and maintaining factors in terms of positive mood, negative mood and tension in asample of 22 women with BED using ecological momentary assessment over a 1-week. Values for negativemood were higher and those for positive mood lower during binge days compared with non-binge days.During binge days, negative mood and tension both strongly and significantly increased and positive moodstrongly and significantly decreased at the first binge episode, followed by a slight though significant, andlonger lasting decrease (negative mood, tension) or increase (positive mood) during a 4-h observation periodfollowing binge eating. Binge eating in BED seems to be triggered by an immediate breakdown of emotionregulation. There are no indications of an accumulation of negative mood triggering binge eating followed byimmediate reinforcing mechanisms in terms of substantial and stable improvement of mood as observed inBN. These differences implicate a further specification of etiological models and could serve as a basis fordeveloping new treatment approaches for BED.

Wissen um Stimmung : zu einem vagen Begriff in Robert Musils Frühwerk

Diese Studie untersucht die Poetik und Wirkungsästhetik von Robert Musils Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törleß (1906) und Die Vereinigungen (1911) anhand des Schlüsselbegriffs >Stimmung<. Wegen der Vagheit des Begriffs und seiner Relevanz in Psychologie, Philosophie und Ästhetik um 1900 wird das Wissen um >Stimmung< im ersten Teil der Studie diskursgeschichtlich beschrieben. Es kann dabei anhand von Robert Mayer, Gustav Theodor Fechner, Hermann von Helmholtz und Wilhelm Wundt gezeigt werden, dass >Stimmungen< als psychologische Zustände wie ästhetische Phänomene in einem engen Verhältnis mit der thermodynamischen Theorie und der Denkfigur des psychophysischen Parallelismus standen. >Stimmungen< galten zum Ende des 19. Jh. einerseits als gleichermaßen experimentell unzugängliche wie grundlegende psychologische Dispositionen, die Körper, Emotion und Intellekt umfassen können, und andererseits als energetisch konzipiertes Verhältnis des Einzelnen zur Außenwelt, das sich in Schwingungen und Strahlen äußert. Im zweiten und dritten Teil wurden die Wissensübertragungen und die genuin literarischen Ausdifferenzierungen von >Stimmungen< in einer dezidiert textnahen Lektüre von Musils Frühwerk entwickelt. Die Textanalyse zeigte, dass in Musils Frühwerk auf thematischer, metaphorologischer, poetologischer und wirkungsästhetischer Ebene von Stimmungen konstituiert wird. Von herausragender Bedeutung sind dabei immaterielle Phänomene. In Auseinandersetzung mit der Ästhetik des Fin de Siècle und dem >Psychophysischen< formuliert der Roman Die Verwirrungen des Zöglings Törleß eine Poetik des Duftes, mit der das dichtungstheoretische Ideal einer gleichsam emotional wie rational wirksamen Literatur umgesetzt werden soll. Die Novellen Die Vollendung der Liebe und Die Versuchung der stillen Veronika übertragen psychologisches Stimmungswissen in den literarischen Text und differenzieren es zu ästhetischen Strukturen aus. Zwei verschiedene Leitkonzepte konnten in Die Vereinigungen identifiziert werden: Während Die Versuchung der stillen Veronika eine Poetik bzw. eine Wirkungsästhetik der Wellen entwirft, formuliert Die Vollendung der Liebe eine literarische Anthropologie anhand musikalischen Metaphern und Texturen aus.

The Perception of the Elements in the Hindu Traditions

The essays in this volume, contributions to an international symposium at the University of Lausanne in June 1998, represent the perception of the elements as a framework for the history of religions (Maya Burger), exemplified by the Hindu traditions. Each element is treated by a specialist in a different academic field in order to bring out a variety of approaches important to the discipline of the history of religion. Ether (akasa) was assigned to philosophy (Wilhelm Halbfass), wind to the history of religion (Bettina Bäumer), fire to classical philology (Peter Schreiner), water to a specialist on Indian medicine (Arion Rosu) and earth to anthropology (Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, specializing on Tamil literature). Les articles du présent volume, issus d'un symposium international ayant eu lieu à l'Université de Lausanne en juin 1998, présentent la perception des éléments comme base de recherche de l'étude des religions (Maya Burger), exemplifiée à l'aide des traditions hindoues. Chaque élément est traité par un spécialiste d'une discipline académique particulière dans le but de souligner la variété des approches nécessaire à la discipline d'histoire des religions. L'éther (akasa) a été considéré sous l'angle de la philosophie (Wilhelm Halbfass), le vent sous celui de l'histoire des religions (Bettina Bäumer), le feu sous celui de la philologie classique (Peter Schreiner), l'eau par un spécialiste de la médecine indienne (Arion Rosu) et la terre sous l'angle de l'anthropologie (Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, se concentrant sur la littérature tamoule).

Les éléments: une trame d'histoire des religions

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Les articles du présent volume, issus d'un symposium international ayant eu lieu à l'Université de Lausanne en juin 1998, présentent la perception des éléments comme base de recherche de l'étude des religions (Maya Burger), exemplifiée à l'aide des traditions hindoues. Chaque élément est traité par un spécialiste d'une discipline académique particulière dans le but de souligner la variété des approches nécessaire à la discipline d'histoire des religions. L'éther (akasa) a été considéré sous l'angle de la philosophie (Wilhelm Halbfass), le vent sous celui de l'histoire des religions (Bettina Bäumer), le feu sous celui de la philologie classique (Peter Schreiner), l'eau par un spécialiste de la médecine indienne (Arion Rosu) et la terre sous l'angle de l'anthropologie (Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, se concentrant sur la littérature tamoule).

The Perception of the Elements in the Hindu Traditions

The essays in this volume, contributions to an international symposium at the University of Lausanne in June 1998, represent the perception of the elements as a framework for the history of religions (Maya Burger), exemplified by the Hindu traditions. Each element is treated by a specialist in a different academic field in order to bring out a variety of approaches important to the discipline of the history of religion. Ether (akasa) was assigned to philosophy (Wilhelm Halbfass), wind to the history of religion (Bettina Bäumer), fire to classical philology (Peter Schreiner), water to a specialist on Indian medicine (Arion Rosu) and earth to anthropology (Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, specializing on Tamil literature). Les articles du présent volume, issus d'un symposium international ayant eu lieu à l'Université de Lausanne en juin 1998, présentent la perception des éléments comme base de recherche de l'étude des religions (Maya Burger), exemplifiée à l'aide des traditions hindoues. Chaque élément est traité par un spécialiste d'une discipline académique particulière dans le but de souligner la variété des approches nécessaire à la discipline d'histoire des religions. L'éther (akasa) a été considéré sous l'angle de la philosophie (Wilhelm Halbfass), le vent sous celui de l'histoire des religions (Bettina Bäumer), le feu sous celui de la philologie classique (Peter Schreiner), l'eau par un spécialiste de la médecine indienne (Arion Rosu) et la terre sous l'angle de l'anthropologie (Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi, se concentrant sur la littérature tamoule).

Aproximació a Mala herba des del pensament de Nietzsche i l'existencialisme: significat de l'obra en la trajectòria de Lu Xun i en el context del sistema literari global

Aquest treball analitza l'obra de poemes en prosa Mala herba de Lu Xun, situant-la en el seu context de producció i posant-la en relació amb el pensament de Nietzsche i l'existencialisme. El meu objectiu és mostrar l'originalitat d'aquesta obra i la seva importància cabdal en la trajectòria vital i literària de l'autor. Lu Xun elabora a Mala herba una posició particular sobre el compromís que evoluciona des de l'individualisme nietzscheà cap a l'humanisme existencialista. Per altra banda, l'experimentació formal de l'obra la situa en l'avantguarda del modernisme en el context del sistema literari global

Profile of organic acid concentrations in the digestive gland and hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata under estivation

Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis it was possible to determine simultaneously the concentration of organic acids (pyruvate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, malate, acetate, propionate, acetoacetate, and ß-hydroxybutyrate) in the digestive gland and the extracellular concentration of these same acids in the hemolymph of estivating Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. After a 7 day period of estivation, there was a significant increase in the tissue levels of lactate, succinate, malate and acetate compared to non-estivating snails. After 14 days of estivation, the levels of lactate and acetate were also significantly elevated. The hemolymph concentrations of pyruvate and acetate increased significantly after 7 days and acetate concentrations continued to be significantly increased up to 14 days of estivation. The other organic acids studied, such as ketone body acetoacetate and ß-hydroxybutyrate or the volatile acid propionate, did not accumulate. Their tissue concentrations, however, increased on the 7th day of estivation and reached normal levels within two weeks of estivation for some of them. One should take into consideration how the reduction in metabolism can be handled under aerobic conditions, and what role anaerobic pathways may play in both energy formation and redox balance processes.

The generator problem for Z-stable C*-algebras

The generator problem was posed by Kadison in 1967, and it remains open until today. We provide a solution for the class of C*-algebras absorbing the Jiang-Su algebra Z tensorially. More precisely, we show that every unital, separable, Z-stable C*-algebra A is singly generated, which means that there exists an element x є A that is not contained in any proper sub-C*- algebra of A. To give applications of our result, we observe that Z can be embedded into the reduced group C*-algebra of a discrete group that contains a non-cyclic, free subgroup. It follows that certain tensor products with reduced group C*-algebras are singly generated. In particular, C*r (F ∞) ⨂ C*r (F ∞) is singly generated.

Aganirsen Antisense Oligonucleotide Eye Drops Inhibit Keratitis-Induced Corneal Neovascularization and Reduce Need for Transplantation: The I-CAN Study.

OBJECTIVE: Eye drops of aganirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 expression, inhibited corneal neovascularization in a previous dose-finding phase II study. We aimed to confirm these results in a phase III study and investigated a potential clinical benefit on visual acuity (VA), quality of life (QoL), and need for transplantation. DESIGN: Multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study. PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of 69 patients with keratitis-related progressive corneal neovascularization randomized to aganirsen (34 patients) or placebo (35 patients). Patients applied aganirsen eye drops (86 μg/day/eye) or placebo twice daily for 90 days and were followed up to day 180. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was VA. Secondary end points included area of pathologic corneal neovascularization, need for transplantation, risk of graft rejection, and QoL. RESULTS: Although no significant differences in VA scores between groups were observed, aganirsen significantly reduced the relative corneal neovascularization area after 90 days by 26.20% (P = 0.014). This improvement persisted after 180 days (26.67%, P = 0.012). Aganirsen tended to lower the transplantation need in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population at day 180 (P = 0.087). In patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization, a significant reduction in transplantation need was achieved (P = 0.048). No significant differences between groups were observed in the risk of graft rejection. However, aganirsen tended to decrease this risk in patients with traumatic/viral keratitis (P = 0.162) at day 90. The QoL analyses revealed a significant improvement with aganirsen in composite and near activity subscores (P = 0.039 and 0.026, respectively) at day 90 in the per protocol population. Ocular and treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in a lower percentage with aganirsen compared with placebo. Only 3 serious TEAEs (2 with aganirsen and 1 with placebo) were considered treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS: This first phase III study on a topical inhibitor of corneal angiogenesis showed that aganirsen eye drops significantly inhibited corneal neovascularization in patients with keratitis. The need for transplantation was significantly reduced in patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization. Topical application of aganirsen was safe and well tolerated.