Recuperação em área de empréstimo usada para construção de usina hidrelétrica

The recovery of native area used in hydroelectric power station construction is a slow process, and it requires the use of covering plant as a source of organic matter, application of nutrients and amendments as soil conditioner. Thus, this study has the objective to study the recovery of physical attribute of subsoil in a distrophic Red Latosol, used in the embankment and foundation of Hydroelectric Power Station, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. The design used was randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The research started in 1992. The treatments consisted of green manure, pasture and soil amendment. After 13 years, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, bulk density, aggregate stability, resistance to penetration, organic matter of soil and dry matter of pasture production were evaluated. The adopted treatments are slowly contributing towards recovery of physical attributes of exposed subsoil. The effects of the soil recovery are reaching 0-0.10 m depth.

Atributos físicos do solo e produtividade de soja em sistema de consórcio milho e braquiária

Em virtude das altas taxas de decomposição do material orgânico em regiões tropicais, um dos problemas para a manutenção e sustentabilidade do sistema de plantio direto é a necessidade de produção de grandes quantidades de palha. Com o objetivo de identificar, no sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária, as variações dos atributos físicos do solo e a produtividade de grãos de soja sobre palhada de braquiárias, este trabalho foi conduzido na FEPE-UNESP de Ilha Solteira, SP, e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com nove tratamentos em esquema fatorial (3 x 3), com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três espécies de braquiárias e três modalidades de consórcio das braquiárias com o milho. Os atributos físicos foram determinados antes da implantação do projeto de pesquisa, após a colheita do milho consorciado com as forrageiras e depois da colheita da soja. Na safra de verão a cultura da soja foi semeada sobre a palhada dos consórcios de milho com braquiárias, no espaçamento de 0,45 m, com 14 linhas por parcela e área útil correspondente às 4 linhas centrais de 5 m cada uma. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a consorciação e a sequência de culturas proporcionaram aumento na macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo. A Brachiaria brizantha semeada na época de adubação de cobertura do milho e a Brachiaria decumbens, na linha do milho, promoveram maiores valores de produtividade de grãos de soja.

Reguladores de crescimento e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de crotalária

Information regarding the use of growth regulators in sunn hemp is still scarce, especially on the physiologic quality of seeds and growth seedlings. In this aspect, product knowledge and application rate stands out as relevant factors in production of quality seeds. This work aimed to evaluated the effect of the foliar application of growth regulators (mepiquat chloride, etil-trinexapac and paclobutrazol) in different rates (0; 75; 150; 225 and 300 g ha(-1)), on the physiological quality of seeds and growth seedlings of Crotalaria juncea cultivated in no-tillage system. The treatments were disposed in randomized complete block design in factorial scheme 3 x 5 (regulators x rates of application), with four replications. The results were submitted to the variance analysis, with the growth regulators compared by Tukey test and the rates for polynomial regression. Not if recommended the application of mepiquat chloride in sunn hemp culture by reducing the potential of seeds germination and dry biomass of seedlings. The etil-trinexapac must be applied in rate of 300 g ha(-1), based on the reduction of moisture content and the electrical conductivity of seeds, the greater total length of seedlings and dry biomass of seedlings. The paclobutrazol must be applied in rate of 75 g ha(-1), considering the potential and speed of seeds germination.

Desempenho agronômico de híbridos de milho, em função da aplicação foliar de fungicidas

The objective of the study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of corn hybrids (AG 8088, BG 7049, CD 327, CD 384, CD 351 and CD 321) at function of the foliar application of two fungicides (piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol and azoxistrobina + ciproconazol) at pre-tasseling of the culture. The experiment was conducted In Selviria - MS, in the experimental Farm of the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira - SP (UNESP), Brazil, during the harvest of 2008/09. The treatments were disposed in randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme 6 x 3 (corn hybrids x fungicides), with four replications. There was valued plant height and of insertion of the ear, number of rows of grains by ear and of grains by row, incidence of foliar diseases, weight of hundred grains and productivity. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance, and the hybrids and fungicides compared by Tukey test (P<0.05). For data analysis were used the software SISVAR. The foliar application of the fungicides piraclostrobina + epoxiconazol and azoxistrobina + ciproconazol in pre-tasseling of the culture the corn reduced the incidence of foliar diseases, nevertheless, was not sufficient to provoke growth of productivity. The hybrids CD 321, AG 8088 and CD 351 were highlighted by the higher yield obtained.

Resposta da crotalária a épocas e subdoses de aplicação de glifosato

The use of glyphosate sub-lethal rates can be an alternative to reduce the plant height of sunn hemp, facilitating its mechanical harvest. However, little known on the other effects that its application can result in this culture. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of application times (10; 20 and 30 days after the emergence) and glyphosate sub-lethal rates (0; 30; 60; 90 and 120 g ha(-1)), on the vegetative and reproductive development of Crotalaria juncea cultivated in no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted between the january and june months of year 2010, in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, on a clayey Rhodic Haplustox (20 degrees 20' S and 51 degrees 24' W). The experiment design was randomized blocks in factorial arrangement 3 x 5 (application times x glyphosate rates), with four replicates. Were measured agronomic characters and productivity and the results undergone to the test F, being the times averages compared by Tukey test (P<0.05) and of rates by regression analysis. The stem diameter, seeds number per pod and mass of one thousand seeds not were affected by glyphosate application. Despite the glyphosate have provided reduction in plant height and increase of the branches number in Crotalaria juncea, not recommended the sub-lethal rates application of product per of affect straightly the culture productivity.

Cotton development and yield according to nitrogen application and cover crops

Nitrogen application on the cover and the maintenance of straw, conducted by direct seeding, should meet the needs of agriculture and promote soil conservation. This study evaluates the effect of pre-sowing nitrogen application in cotton crops and cover crops by direct seeding, on the development and yield of cotton. It was conducted in the municipality of Selviria-MS during the agricultural years 2005/06, 2006/07 and 2007/08. The experimental design used was a randomized block design consisting of three cover crops (forage turnip, black oat and white oat) and four nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg of N ha(-1)) in pre-sowing of cotton. In April 2006, April 2007 and April 2008, the assessments of plant development and also harvesting of the experimental plots of cotton cultivars were conducted. The results showed that after planting the cover crops, the yield and development and the heights of cotton plants increased with the use of pre-sowing N of 90 kg ha(-1), also showing that the forage turnip is a coverage plant that provides increased cotton.

Model for determining flow diameter and economic velocity in water elevating systems

The purpose of this paper was to develop a model for calculating the economical flow diameter and velocity, by obtaining the economical diameter, using Swamee's friction factor equation, by minimizing the total annual cost. The application of the model to a regular supply condition showed that the diameter of the actual condition, 250 mm, compared with the diameter calculated by the mode, at the same tariff as that applied to the property ( ground), 284.1 mm, involved the necessity to generate, transmit, and distribute extra electrical energy, due to the higher load loss caused by the original diameter, approximately 30800 kWh/year. This means that in one year, the consumer would spend R$2,804.00 more on pumping cost alone.

The informational turn in Philosophy: any novelty in the study of Mind?

The concept of information is analyzed starting from Adams' hypothesis in The Informational Turn in Philosophy, according to which there has been a far-reaching turn in Philosophy following the publication of Turing's article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence". Adams maintains that new guidelines are being indicated in philosophical research, having the concept of "information" as the basis for treatment of classical problems, such as the relationships between mind-body, perception-action, and the nature of knowledge, amongst others. Partially agreeing with Adams, we believe, however, that his hypothesis faces difficulties, the most fundamental of which concerns the different meanings given to the concept of information. We argue that even though the concept of information underlying the mechanicist proposal of Turing, according to which "to think is to compute", is indeed being employed in Philosophy, this is not because of its mechanistic nature, but mainly due to the representationist presupposition dominant in this area. From this point of view, the informational turn in philosophy would not provide any great novelty, given that since the earliest days philosophical approaches to the nature of mind have always been mainly representationist. The novelty would not lie specifically in the Turing thesis, but in reflections on the nature of information, especially ecological information, and its relation to action.

Antiulcerogenic Activity of the Essential Oil of Baccharis dracunculifolia on Different Experimental Models in Rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Evaluation of antiulcer activity of the main phenolic acids found in Brazilian Green Propolis

Aim of the study: In a previous study, our group described the gastric protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian green propolis. The main compounds found in Brazilian green propolis include phenolic acids, such as: caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of the main phenolic acids found in Brazilian Green Propolis.Material and methods: The anti-ulcer assays were performed using the following protocols: nonsteroidal-antinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced ulcer, ethanol-induced ulcer, and stress-induced ulcer. The effects of the phenolic acids on gastric content volume, pH and total acidity, using the pylorus ligated model, were also evaluated.Results: It was observed that treatment using doses of 50 and 250 mg/kg of caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids and positive controls (omeprazol or cimetidine) significantly diminished the lesion index, the total area of the lesion and the percentage of lesion in comparison with the negative control groups. In addition, the percentage of ulcer inhibition was significantly higher in the groups treated with the different phenolic acids, cimetidine or omeprazol, in all the protocols used, compared with the negative control groups. In the model to determine gastric secretion, using ligated pylorus, treatment with phenolic acids and cimetidine reduced the volume of gastricjuice and total acidity and significantly increased the gastric pH (p < 0.05), compared with the control group, with the exception of the group treated with 50 mg/kg of p-coumaric acid, in which no significant difference was observed, compared with the control. In relation to the acute toxicity, none sign of toxicity was observed when phenolic acids, used in this study, were administered for rats in dose of 2000 mg/kg.Conclusions: In conclusion, the results of this study show that caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids display antiulcer activity. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bovine pericardium retail preserved in glutaraldehyde and used as a vascular patch

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae) essential oil in mammalian cells in vivo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The Effects of 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch-Hypertonic Saline in Resuscitation of Dogs with Hemorrhagic Shock

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Uma análise experimental de algoritmos exatos aplicados ao problema da árvore geradora multiobjetivo

The Multiobjective Spanning Tree Problem is NP-hard and models applications in several areas. This research presents an experimental analysis of different strategies used in the literature to develop exact algorithms to solve the problem. Initially, the algorithms are classified according to the approaches used to solve the problem. Features of two or more approaches can be found in some of those algorithms. The approaches investigated here are: the two-stage method, branch-and-bound, k-best and the preference-based approach. The main contribution of this research lies in the fact that no research was presented to date reporting a systematic experimental analysis of exact algorithms for the Multiobjective Spanning Tree Problem. Therefore, this work can be a basis for other research that deal with the same problem. The computational experiments compare the performance of algorithms regarding processing time, efficiency based on the number of objectives and number of solutions found in a controlled time interval. The analysis of the algorithms was performed for known instances of the problem, as well as instances obtained from a generator commonly used in the literature

O Gênero Cyathus haller: pers. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) em áreas de caatinga do Nordeste brasileiro

Fungi of the family Nidulariaceae or bird s nest fungi present a vase-shaped basidiomata with the wall surface smooth or striated lengthwise and internal structures resembling small bird eggs in a nest, the peridioles. Among the five genera that comprise the group, the more representative is Cyathus Haller: Pers. The Brazilian Northeast region shows major importance for the world s diversity by containing a Brazilian unique and exclusively phytoecological domain, the Caatinga, which lacks particular attention regarding macrofungi. Although the gradual growth of knowledge in recent years, studies are still insipient in the Caatinga domain. Between their various vegetal formations are the Brejos de Altitude , described as islands with moist perennial vegetation, low soil fertility and annual precipitation of 900 1.300 mm. This study aimed to evaluate the taxonomic richness of Nidulariaceae fungi in Caatinga s areas of Northeastern Brazil, describing and identifying species, as well as expanding the collection of Herbarium UFRN Fungos. For description of Nidulariaceae fungi was followed the proposed by specialized literature in the group. We have found and described 10 species of the genus Cyathus, namely: C. earlei Lloyd, C. gayanus Tul. & C. Tul., C. gracilis H.J. Brodie, C. intermedius (Mont.) Tul. & C. Tul., C. limbatus Tul. & C. Tul., C. montagnei Tul. & C. Tul., C. pallidus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, C. poeppigii Tul. & C. Tul., C. striatus (Huds.) Willd. and C. tríplex Lloyd. Beyond these have been described four new species to science: Cyathus calvescens R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. hortum R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov., C. magnomuralis R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. and C. parvocinereus R. Cruz & Baseia sp. nov. Two samples were identified only to genus level. No member of Mycocalia J.T. Palmer, Nidula V.S. White, Nidularia Fr. and Crucibulum Tul. & C. Tul. has been found, however the results were extremely valuable for being an unprecedented work in Caatinga, and importante tool for implementation of conservation projects and sustainable utilization of this domain