Development of a New Welding Product Quality Control and Management System Model for China

The Chinese welding industry is growing every year due to rapid development of the Chinese economy. Increasingly, companies around the world are looking to use Chinese enterprises as their cooperation partners. However, the Chinese welding industry also has its weaknesses, such as relatively low quality and weak management. A modern, advanced welding management system appropriate for local socio-economic conditions is required to enable Chinese enterprises to enhance further their business development. The thesis researches the design and implementation of a new welding quality management system for China. This new system is called ‗welding production quality control management model in China‘ (WQMC). Constructed on the basis of analysis of a survey and in-company interviews, the welding management system comprises the following different elements and perspectives: a ‗Localized congenital existing problem resolution strategies‘ (LCEPRS) database, a ‗human factor designed training system‘ (HFDT) training strategy, the theory of modular design, ISO 3834 requirements, total welding management (TWM), and lean manufacturing (LEAN) theory. The methods used in the research are literature review, questionnaires, interviews, and the author‘s model design experiences and observations, i.e. the approach is primarily qualitative and phenomenological. The thesis describes the design and implementation of a HFDT strategy in Chinese welding companies. Such training is an effective way to increase employees‘ awareness of quality and issues associated with quality assurance. The study identified widely existing problems in the Chinese welding industry and constructed a LCEPRS database that can be used in efforts to mitigate and avoid common problems. The work uses the theory of modular design, TWM and LEAN as tools for the implementation of the WQMC system.

Conformational analysis of antibody binding site using EDMA methods /

Euclidean distance matrix analysis (EDMA) methods are used to distinguish whether or not significant difference exists between conformational samples of antibody complementarity determining region (CDR) loops, isolated LI loop and LI in three-loop assembly (LI, L3 and H3) obtained from Monte Carlo simulation. After the significant difference is detected, the specific inter-Ca distance which contributes to the difference is identified using EDMA.The estimated and improved mean forms of the conformational samples of isolated LI loop and LI loop in three-loop assembly, CDR loops of antibody binding site, are described using EDMA and distance geometry (DGEOM). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time the EDMA methods are used to analyze conformational samples of molecules obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore, validations of the EDMA methods using both positive control and negative control tests for the conformational samples of isolated LI loop and LI in three-loop assembly must be done. The EDMA-I bootstrap null hypothesis tests showed false positive results for the comparison of six samples of the isolated LI loop and true positive results for comparison of conformational samples of isolated LI loop and LI in three-loop assembly. The bootstrap confidence interval tests revealed true negative results for comparisons of six samples of the isolated LI loop, and false negative results for the conformational comparisons between isolated LI loop and LI in three-loop assembly. Different conformational sample sizes are further explored by combining the samples of isolated LI loop to increase the sample size, or by clustering the sample using self-organizing map (SOM) to narrow the conformational distribution of the samples being comparedmolecular conformations. However, there is no improvement made for both bootstrap null hypothesis and confidence interval tests. These results show that more work is required before EDMA methods can be used reliably as a method for comparison of samples obtained by Monte Carlo simulations.

Co-operative education and the development of self-esteem, an internal locus of control and work habits

This study compared approximately 50 grade 12 students studying In th~ co-operative education mode with approximately 50 grade 12 students studying in a traditional English course. Measures of self-esteem, locus of control and work habits were compared before and at the conclusion of one semester's involvement in the different programs. Using Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, the students who had chosen to study in the co-operative education mode scored significantly higher than the students in the traditional course. At the end of the semester, the co-operative education students' scores remained significantly higher than the English students'. Although the test showed no sjgnifi~ant changes in self-esteem. anecdotal reports indicated that co-operative education students had increased self-esteem over the semester. No significant differences in locus of control were observed between the two groups at any time. Significant differences in work habits were observed. While both groups had the same number of absences and the same marks before taking these courses, students who were involved in co-operative education had significantly fewer absences and significantly higher marks than the students studying in the traditional course. Anecdotal reports also indicated an improv~ment in work habits for students who had been involved in co-operative education. Recommendations of the study are for further research to determine more exactly how self-esteem and work habits develop in co-operative education students. Also. students. parents, teachers. and administrators need to be made aware of the success of this program.

Identifying the psychosexual implications of radical radiation treatment in prostate cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was any evidence of psychosexual morbidity among men who experienced radical radiation treatment for prostate cancer. With relatively little known or available retrospective data on the psychosexual implications of radical radiation treatment in men with prostate cancer, this study posited eight research questions which provided the basis for the research. Fifty men from Southern Ontario, between the ages of 52 to 78 years, were included in the study. They had been previously randomized to a clinical trial comparing radical radiation therapy by external beam radiation, or radical radiation using a combination of a temporary iridium implant plus external beam radiation, for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. Assessment of sexual functioning, drive, attitudes, body image, and sexual satisfaction was drawn from a multidimensional approach, since psychosexuality was viewed as having an impact on biological, psychological, and sociological domains of functioning. Medical chart reviews, semi-structured interviews, demographical profiles of each participant, and the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI) were the methods used to collect data over a four-month period. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were incorporated in the design and evaluation of the study. Frequencies, contingency analysis, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA comprised the quantitative analysis. Data obtained from audio-taped interviews were analyzed qualitatively, and used for offering further insight and for facilitating the quantitative aspect of the analysis. Overall, there was sufficient evidence to suggest psychosexual morbidity among men who were treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer. As well,there were a number of significant findings available to answer all of the posited research questions. The most significant findings were noted in post-treatment erectile ability and sexual activity. A post-treatment change in erectile ability was reported by eighty percent of men. Sixty percent of men noted a decrease in their ability to achieve an erection by reporting some morning stiffness only, penile rigidity insufficient for penetration, decreased control of erection, and loss of spontaneous erection. Other contributing factors associated with change in erectile status were: pain or altering sensation of orgasm, blood in ejaculate, pain and decreased amount of ejaculate, and penile numbness or pain. Eighty-two percent of men experienced a post-treatment change in sexual function, primarily due to the impact of decreasing erectile status. Only seven men reported that they experienced a decrease in desire mentally, whereas the vast majority did not experience any change in desire. Changes in foreplay, stress with optimal sexual positioning, and reduced spontaneity of sex, were other factors reported with the changes in sexual activity. The findings in this study broaden our understanding of what middle- to later-aged men feel and experience as they venture onward following treatment. This was the first study that evaluated available prospective data on pre-treatment erectile status and sexual activity. As well, this study was the first (with participant compliance rates of 100 percent) to have included an interview format to capture the views of such a large number of men. This study concluded with recommendations and implications for future research and practice as we move in the direction of understanding what is necessary for preserving psychosexual well being and enhancing quality of life in men treated with radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

The impact of tobacco control policies on university students' smoking in Ontario

Objective. Despite steady declines in the prevalence of tobacco use among Canadians, young adult tobacco use has remained stubbornly high over the past two decades (CTUMS, 2005a). Currently in Ontario, young adults have the highest proportion of smokers of all age cohorts at 26%. A growing body of evidence shows that smoking restrictions and other tobacco control policies can reduce tobacco use and consumption among adults and deter initiation among youth; whether young adult university students' smoking participation is influenced by community smoking restrictions, campus tobacco control policies or both remains an empirical question. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among current smoking status of students on university campuses across Ontario and various tobacco control policies, 3including clean air bylaws of students' home towns, clean air by-laws of the community where the university is situated, and campus policies. Methods. Two data sets were used. The 200512006 Tobacco Use in a Representative Sample of Post-Secondary Students data set provides information about the tobacco use of 10,600 students from 23 universities and colleges across Ontario. Data screening for this study reduced the sample to 5,114 17-to-24 year old undergraduate students from nine universities. The second data set is researcher-generated and includes information about strength and duration of, and students' exposure to home town, local and campus tobacco control policies. Municipal by-laws (of students' home towns and university towns) were categorized as weak, moderate or strong based on criteria set out in the Ontario Municipal By-law Report; campus policies were categorized in a roughly parallel fashion. Durations of municipal and campus policies were calculated; and length of students' exposure to the policies was estimated (all in months). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between students' current smoking status (daily, less-than-daily, never-smokers) and the following policy measures: strength of, duration of, and students' exposure to campus policy; strength of, duration of, and students' exposure to the by-law in the university town; and, strength of, duration of, and students' exposure to the by-law in the home town they grew up in. Sociodemographic variables were controlled for. Results. Among the Ontario university students surveyed, 7.0% currently use tobacco daily and 15.4% use tobacco less-than-daily. The proportions of students experiencing strong tobacco control policies in their home town, the community in which their university is located and at their current university were 33.9%,64.1 %, and 31.3% respectively. However, 13.7% of students attended a university that had a weak campus policy. Multinomial logistic regressions suggested current smoking status was associated with university town by-law strength, home town by-law strength and the strength of the campus tobacco control policy. In the fmal model, after controlling for sociodemographic factors, a strong by-law in the university town and a strong by-law in students' home town were associated with reduced odds of being both a less-than-daily (OR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.48-0.86; OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66-0.95) and daily smoker (OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39-0.89; OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58-0.99), while a weak campus tobacco control policy was associated with higher odds of being a daily smoker (OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.31-3.30) (but unrelated to less-than-daily smoking). Longer exposure to the municipal by-law (OR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90-0.96) was also related to smoking status. Conclusions. Students' smoking prevalence was associated with the strength of the restrictions in university, and with campus-specific tobacco control policies. Lessthan- daily smoking was not as strongly associated with policy measures as daily smoking was. University campuses may wish to adopt more progressive campus policies and support clean air restrictions in the broader community. More research is needed to determine the direction of influence between tobacco control policies and students' smoking.

The Association between Tobacco Control Policies and Marijuana Use among Ontario Undergraduate Students

Background: Research indicates a steady increase in marijuana use and that it is concurrent with tobacco. There is speculation this concurrency reaches beyond use, to where policies aimed at reducing one may result in the reduction of the other. Purpose: To investigate the association between tobacco control policies and marijuana use among young adult undergraduates. Methods: A stratified sample of Ontario universities resulted in a sample of 4,966 participants. Results: Campuses with a moderately strong policy was found to be significantly associated with decreased marijuana use compared to campuses with a weak tobacco control policy. (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.36-0.76). Conclusions: The findings show tobacco control strategies are related to decreased odds of marijuana use among Ontario undergraduates. These findings are important to both policy makers and researchers interested in health strategies pertaining to marijuana and tobacco use and/or how health policies aimed at reducing one risk behaviour can affect another.

Transmission dynamics and tuberculosis control among HIV/AIDS patients

Introduction: Les efforts globaux pour contrôler la tuberculose sont présentement restreints par la prévalence croissante du VIH/SIDA. Quoique les éclosions de la tuberculose multi résistante (TB-MDR) soient fréquemment rapportées parmi les populations atteintes du SIDA, le lien entre VIH/SIDA et le développement de résistance n’est pas clair. Objectifs: Cette recherche visait à : (1) développer une base de connaissances concernant les facteurs associés à des éclosions de la TB-MDR parmi les patients atteints du VIH/SIDA; (2) utiliser ce cadre de connaissances pour accroître des mesures préliminaires pour mieux contrôler la tuberculose pulmonaire chez les patients atteints du VIH/SIDA; et (3) afin d’améliorer l’application des ces mesures, affiner les techniques bactériologiques existantes pour Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Méthodologie: Quatre études ont été réalisées : (1) Une étude longitudinale pour identifier les facteurs associés avec une éclosion de la TB-MDR parmi les patients atteints du SIDA qui ont reçu le traitement directement supervisé de courte durée (DOTS) pour la tuberculose pulmonaire au Lima et au Pérou entre 1999 et 2005; (2) Une étude transversale pour décrire différentes étapes de l’histoire naturelle de la tuberculose, la prévalence et les facteurs associés avec la mycobactérie qu’on retrouve dans les selles des patients atteints du SIDA; (3) Un projet pilote pour développer des stratégies de dépistage pour la tuberculose pulmonaire parmi les patients hospitalisés atteints du SIDA, en utilisant l’essaie Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS); et (4) Une étude laboratoire pour identifier les meilleures concentrations critiques pour détecter les souches MDR de M. tuberculosis en utilisant l’essaie MODS. Résultats : Étude 1 démontre qu’une épidémie de TB-MDR parmi les patients atteints du SIDA qui ont reçu DOTS pour la tuberculose pulmonaire ait été causée par la superinfection du clone de M. tuberculosis plutôt que le développement de la résistance secondaire. Bien que ce clone ait été plus commun parmi la cohorte de patients atteints du SIDA, il n’avait aucune différence de risque pour superinfection entre les patients avec ou sans SIDA. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’un autre facteur, possiblement associé à la diarrhée, peu contribuer à la prévalence élevée de ce clone chez les patients atteints du SIDA. Étude 2 suggère que chez la plupart des patients atteints du SIDA il a été retrouvé une mycobactérie dans leurs selles alors qu’ils étaient en phase terminale au niveau de la tuberculose pulmonaire. Or, les patients atteints du SIDA ayant été hospitalisés pendant les deux dernières années pour une autre condition médicale sont moins à risque de se retrouver avec une mycobactérie dans leurs selles. Étude 3 confirme que la tuberculose pulmonaire a été commune à tous les patients hospitalisés atteints du SIDA, mais diagnostiquée incorrectement en utilisant les critères cliniques présentement recommandés pour la tuberculose. Or, l’essaie MODS a détecté pour la plupart de ces cas. De plus, MODS a été également efficace quand la méthode a été dirigée aux patients soupçonnés d’avoir la tuberculose, à cause de leurs symptômes. Étude 4 démontre les difficultés de détecter les souches de M. tuberculosis avec une faible résistance contre ethambutol et streptomycine en utilisant l’essai MODS avec les concentrations de drogue présentement recommandées pour un milieu de culture. Cependant, l’utilité diagnostique de MODS peut être améliorée ; modifier les concentrations critiques et utiliser deux plaques et non une, pour des tests réguliers. Conclusion: Nos études soulèvent la nécessité d’améliorer le diagnostic et le traitement de la tuberculose parmi les patients atteints du SIDA, en particulier ceux qui vivent dans des régions avec moins de ressources. Par ailleurs, nos résultats font ressortir les effets indirects que les soins de santé ont sur les patients infectés par le VIH et qu’ils peuvent avoir sur le développement de la tuberculose.

The expression and production of piano timbre : gestural control and technique, perception and verbalisation in the context of piano performance and practice

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

Sunlight exposure and prostate cancer risk : a case-control study in Montreal, Canada

Objectifs: Évaluer l’association entre l’exposition récréative, professionnelle et globale au soleil et le risque de cancer de la prostate (CaP). Méthodes: Dans le contexte d’une étude cas-témoins sur le CaP menée à Montréal, Canada, des entrevues ont été complétées auprès de 1371 cas incidents de CaP diagnostiqués en 2005-2009, et 1479 témoins de la population générale. Des questionnaires détaillés ont permis d’obtenir de l’information sur la fréquence et la durée de participation à toute activité extérieure lors des loisirs durant l’âge adulte, ainsi qu’une description de chaque emploi tenu au cours de la vie. Une matrice emploi-exposition canadienne a été appliquée à chaque emploi afin d’assigner un niveau d’exposition professionnelle au soleil. Des indices cumulatifs de l’exposition au soleil basés sur le nombre d’événements récréatifs, la durée d’exposition professionnelle, ainsi qu’un indice d’exposition global ont été développés. La régression logistique a été utilisée pour estimer l’association entre chaque indice d’exposition et le CaP, en ajustant pour des variables de confusion potentielles. Résultats: Globalement, il n’y avait pas d’association entre chacun des indices d’exposition et le risque de CaP. Certaines tendances en accord avec un risque légèrement plus faible chez les hommes exposés au soleil ont été observées mais les résultats n’étaient pas statistiquement significatifs et il n’y avait pas de relation dose-réponse. Conclusion: Notre étude apporte peu de soutien à l’hypothèse d’une association entre l’exposition au soleil et le risque de développer un cancer de la prostate.

Genomic architecture of sickle cell disease clinical variation in children from West Africa : a case-control study design

Contexte : L’anémie falciforme ou drépanocytose est un problème de santé important, particulièrement pour les patients d’origine africaine. La variation phénotypique de l’anémie falciforme est problématique pour le suivi et le traitement des patients. L’architecture génomique responsable de cette variabilité est peu connue. Principe : Mieux saisir la contribution génétique de la variation clinique de cette maladie facilitera l’identification des patients à risque de développer des phénotypes sévères, ainsi que l’adaptation des soins. Objectifs : L’objectif général de cette thèse est de combler les lacunes relatives aux connaissances sur l’épidémiologie génomique de l’anémie falciforme à l’aide d’une cohorte issue au Bénin. Les objectifs spécifiques sont les suivants : 1) caractériser les profils d’expressions génomiques associés à la sévérité de l’anémie falciforme ; 2) identifier des biomarqueurs de la sévérité de l’anémie falciforme ; 3) identifier la régulation génétique des variations transcriptionelles ; 4) identifier des interactions statistiques entre le génotype et le niveau de sévérité associé à l’expression ; 5) identifier des cibles de médicaments pour améliorer l’état des patients atteints d’anémie falciforme. Méthode : Une étude cas-témoins de 250 patients et 61 frères et soeurs non-atteints a été menée au Centre de Prise en charge Médical Intégré du Nourrisson et de la Femme Enceinte atteints de Drépanocytose, au Bénin entre février et décembre 2010. Résultats : Notre analyse a montré que des profils d’expressions sont associés avec la sévérité de l’anémie falciforme. Ces profils sont enrichis de génes des voies biologiques qui contribuent à la progression de la maladie : l’activation plaquettaire, les lymphocytes B, le stress, l’inflammation et la prolifération cellulaire. Des biomarqueurs transcriptionnels ont permis de distinguer les patients ayant des niveaux de sévérité clinique différents. La régulation génétique de la variation de l’expression des gènes a été démontrée et des interactions ont été identifiées. Sur la base de ces résultats génétiques, des cibles de médicaments sont proposées. Conclusion: Ce travail de thèse permet de mieux comprendre l’impact de la génomique sur la sévérité de l’anémie falciforme et ouvre des perspectives de développement de traitements ciblés pour améliorer les soins offerts aux patients.

L’image corporelle chez les femmes atteintes de vestibulodynie provoquée primaire et secondaire : Une étude contrôlée

Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Docteur en psychologie (D.Psy.) en psychologie option clinique

Quantitative proteomics methods for the analysis of histone post-translational modifications

Les histones sont des protéines nucléaires hautement conservées chez les cellules des eucaryotes. Elles permettent d’organiser et de compacter l’ADN sous la forme de nucléosomes, ceux-ci representant les sous unités de base de la chromatine. Les histones peuvent être modifiées par de nombreuses modifications post-traductionnelles (PTMs) telles que l’acétylation, la méthylation et la phosphorylation. Ces modifications jouent un rôle essentiel dans la réplication de l’ADN, la transcription et l’assemblage de la chromatine. L’abondance de ces modifications peut varier de facon significative lors du developpement des maladies incluant plusieurs types de cancer. Par exemple, la perte totale de la triméthylation sur H4K20 ainsi que l’acétylation sur H4K16 sont des marqueurs tumoraux spécifiques a certains types de cancer chez l’humain. Par conséquent, l’étude de ces modifications et des événements determinant la dynamique des leurs changements d’abondance sont des atouts importants pour mieux comprendre les fonctions cellulaires et moléculaires lors du développement de la maladie. De manière générale, les modifications des histones sont étudiées par des approches biochimiques telles que les immuno-buvardage de type Western ou les méthodes d’immunoprécipitation de la chromatine (ChIP). Cependant, ces approches présentent plusieurs inconvénients telles que le manque de spécificité ou la disponibilité des anticorps, leur coût ou encore la difficulté de les produire et de les valider. Au cours des dernières décennies, la spectrométrie de masse (MS) s’est avérée être une méthode performante pour la caractérisation et la quantification des modifications d’histones. La MS offre de nombreux avantages par rapport aux techniques traditionnelles. Entre autre, elle permet d’effectuer des analyses reproductibles, spécifiques et facilite l’etude d’un large spectre de PTMs en une seule analyse. Dans cette thèse, nous présenterons le développement et l’application de nouveaux outils analytiques pour l’identification et à la quantification des PTMs modifiant les histones. Dans un premier temps, une méthode a été développée pour mesurer les changements d’acétylation spécifiques à certains sites des histones. Cette méthode combine l’analyse des histones intactes et les méthodes de séquençage peptidique afin de déterminer les changements d’acétylation suite à la réaction in vitro par l’histone acétyltransférase (HAT) de levure Rtt109 en présence de ses chaperonnes (Asf1 ou Vps75). Dans un second temps, nous avons développé une méthode d’analyse des peptides isomériques des histones. Cette méthode combine la LC-MS/MS à haute résolution et un nouvel outil informatique appelé Iso-PeptidAce qui permet de déconvoluer les spectres mixtes de peptides isomériques. Nous avons évalué Iso-PeptidAce avec un mélange de peptides synthétiques isomériques. Nous avons également validé les performances de cette approche avec des histones isolées de cellules humaines érythroleucémiques (K562) traitées avec des inhibiteurs d’histones désacétylases (HDACi) utilisés en clinique, et des histones de Saccharomyces cerevisiae liées au facteur d’assemblage de la chromatine (CAF-1) purifiées par chromatographie d’affinité. Enfin, en utilisant la méthode présentée précédemment, nous avons fait une analyse approfondie de la spécificité de plusieurs HATs et HDACs chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nous avons donc déterminé les niveaux d’acétylation d’histones purifiées à partir de cellules contrôles ou de souches mutantes auxquelles il manque une HAT ou HDAC. Notre analyse nous a permis de valider plusieurs cibles connues des HATs et HDACs et d’en identifier de nouvelles. Nos données ont également permis de définir le rôle des différentes HATs et HDACs dans le maintien de l’équilibre d’acétylation des histones. Dans l’ensemble, nous anticipons que les méthodes décrites dans cette thèse permettront de résoudre certains défis rencontrés dans l’étude de la chromatine. De plus, ces données apportent de nouvelles connaissances pour l’élaboration d’études génétiques et biochimiques utilisant S. pombe.

Women with provoked vestibulodynia experience clinically significant reductions in pain regardless of treatment : results from a 2-year follow up study.

Introduction Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a prevalent genital pain syndrome that has been assumed to be chronic, with little spontaneous remission. Despite this assumption, there is a dearth of empirical evidence regarding the progression of PVD in a natural setting. Although many treatments are available, there is no single treatment that has demonstrated efficacy above others. Aims The aims of this secondary analysis of a prospective study were to (i) assess changes over a 2-year period in pain, depressive symptoms, and sexual outcomes in women with PVD; and (ii) examine changes based on treatment(s) type. Methods Participants completed questionnaire packages at Time 1 and a follow-up package 2 years later. Main Outcome Measures Visual analog scale of genital pain, Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction, Female Sexual Function Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and sexual intercourse attempts over the past month. Results Two hundred thirty-nine women with PVD completed both time one and two questionnaires. For the sample as a whole, there was significant improvement over 2 years on pain ratings, sexual satisfaction, sexual function, and depressive symptoms. The most commonly received treatments were physical therapy, sex/psychotherapy, and medical treatment, although 41.0% did not undergo any treatment. Women receiving no treatment also improved significantly on pain ratings. No single treatment type predicted better outcome for any variable except depressive symptoms, in which women who underwent surgery were more likely to improve. Discussion These results suggest that PVD may significantly reduce in severity over time. Participants demonstrated clinically significant pain improvement, even when they did not receive treatment. Furthermore, the only single treatment type predicting better outcomes was surgery, and only for depressive symptoms, accounting for only 2.3% of the variance. These data do not demonstrate the superiority of any one treatment and underscore the need to have control groups in PVD treatment trials, otherwise improvements may simply be the result of natural progression.

Discrete Time Inventory Models with/without Positive Service Time

In everyday life different flows of customers to avail some service facility or other at some service station are experienced. In some of these situations, congestion of items arriving for service, because an item cannot be serviced Immediately on arrival, is unavoidable. A queuing system can be described as customers arriving for service, waiting for service if it is not immediate, and if having waited for service, leaving the system after being served. Examples Include shoppers waiting in front of checkout stands in a supermarket, Programs waiting to be processed by a digital computer, ships in the harbor Waiting to be unloaded, persons waiting at railway booking office etc. A queuing system is specified completely by the following characteristics: input or arrival pattern, service pattern, number of service channels, System capacity, queue discipline and number of service stages. The ultimate objective of solving queuing models is to determine the characteristics that measure the performance of the system

Inventory management in public sector electrical industry in Kerala

The thesis entitled Inventory Management In Public Sector Electrical Industry In Kerala. Investigations were carried out on inventory management in public sector electrical industry in Kerala and suggest methods to improve their efficiency. Various aspects of inventory management, its scope and need in industry are detailed. The objectives of the present study concentrates to get an overall view of the system of inventory management, assess the positions and levels of inventory. It analyzes the inventory management policies and practices, the organizational set-up for materials by the electrical undertakings. The study examines the liquidity of the electrical undertakings as well as techniques of inventory management in the electrical industry in Kerala. Hypotheses state that the existing organizational systems and practices are inadequate to ensure efficient management of inventories in electrical industry. Introduction of scientific inventory techniques has a favourable effect on the workings of inventory departments. The financial performance of the public sector electrical undertakings is not at all satisfactory on account of the high raw material costs, heavy borrowings and huge interest burdens. The scope of this study is limited to the assessment of savings, in inventories of electrical products due to inventory management. The methodology of the study is to project the cost reduction of the inventory department on the basis of data collected and to validate this projection with the aid of analysis and survey. The limitations of the study is that the data obtained relate to the period 1989-90 and earlier and the current position is not available and uniform norms cannot be applied to evaluate different inventory management organisation.