Estudo dos genes do complexo do antígeno leucocitário humano (hla) associados à susceptibilidade ao diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Of all of the genes associated with the development of Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D), the largest contribution comes from the genes in the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region, mostly the class II DR e DQ genes. Specific combinations of alleles DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 constituting haplotypes, and further, a combination of more than one haplotype, providing multilocus genotypes are associated with susceptibility, protection and neutrality to DM1. Thus, the aim of present study was to verified the association of polymorphisms of HLA genes class II with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Ninety-two patients with T1D and 100 individuals normoglycemics (NG) aged between 6 and 20 years were studied. Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral whole blood, collected in EDTA tube, using the extraction kit Illustra Triple Prep®, GE Healthcare. For HLA typing was used DNA LABType system by One Lambda kit applying Luminex® technology to the method of PCRSSO typing reverse. The alleles DRB1*03:01, *04:05, *04:01, *04:02, DQA1*03:01g, *05:01g, DQB1*02:01g, *03:02, the haplotypes DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01, DRB1*04:05-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:02-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02, DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03:01g-DQB1*03:02 and DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 genotype were significantly associated with the chance of developing T1D. The alleles DRB1*11:01, *15:03, *15:01, *13:01, DQA1*01:02, *04:01g, *01:03, DQB1*06:02, *03:01g, *06:03, *04:02, the haplotypes DRB1*11:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*03:01, DRB1*13:01-DQA1*01:03-DQB1*06:03 and DRX-DQX/DRX-DQX genotype, formed by other than the DR3-DQ2 or DR4-DQ8 haplotypes, were significantly associated with T1D protection Despite the major racial Brazilian, even at the regional level, these results are similar to the majority of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of HLA class II-related susceptibility or resistance to T1D, extensively described in the literature for Caucasian population. Children with age at diagnosis less than 5 years of age had significantly higher frequency of the heterozygous genotype DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 compared to children with age at diagnosis than 5 years old. These results also demonstrate strong association of the genetic profile of the class II HLA for this age group, possibly associated with the severity and rapid progression to the onset of T1D. The knowledge of HLA class II genes may be useful in genetic screens that allow the prediction of T1D

Interação entre manejo de plantas daninhas e adubação de cobertura no crescimento inicial de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interação da deficiência hídrica e da toxicidade do alumínio em guandu cultivado em hidroponia

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da interação da deficiência hídrica e da toxicidade do alumínio no crescimento inicial e teores de prolina livre em duas cultivares de guandu, IAPAR 43-Aratã e IAC Fava Larga, cultivadas em hidroponia. As plântulas foram submetidas aos estresses em solução nutritiva (pH 3,8), nos potenciais osmóticos de 0, -0,004, -0,006, -0,008 e -0,010 MPa, com 0, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1 mmol dm-3 de Al3+. O experimento foi conduzido em sala de crescimento, sob luminária com irradiância média de 190 mmol m-2 s-1 , fotoperíodo de 12 horas e temperatura de 25+1ºC. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x5x5 (duas cultivares de guandu, cinco potenciais osmóticos e cinco níveis de alumínio), com quatro repetições. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de regressão polinomial, agrupamento e componentes principais. A deficiência hídrica causa redução do crescimento da parte aérea do guandu, e a toxicidade do alumínio provoca diminuição do crescimento radicular. Houve aumento nos teores de prolina livre nas duas cultivares sob deficiência hídrica, e apenas na IAC Fava Larga sob toxicidade de alumínio. Na análise multivariada, foi observada alta correlação no crescimento e no acúmulo de prolina na cultivar IAC Fava Larga, o que evidencia provável tolerância aos estresses associados.

Indicadores fisiológicos da interação entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em cana-de-açúcar

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os indicadores fisiológicos da interação entre deficit hídrico e acidez do solo em plantas jovens de cana-de-açúcar. As plantas foram submetidas a três tratamentos de disponibilidade hídrica, medidos em percentagem de capacidade de campo (CC) - sem estresse (70% CC), estresse moderado (55% CC) e estresse severo (40% CC); e três tratamentos de acidez no solo, medidos em termos de saturação por bases (V) - baixa acidez (V = 55%), média acidez (V = 33%) e alta acidez (V = 23%). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação a 29,7±4,3ºC e 75±10% UR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x3, com quatro repetições. Após 60 dias, foram determinados os teores de solutos compatíveis - trealose, glicina betaína e prolina - na folha diagnóstico e o crescimento inicial da parte aérea. Os solutos compatíveis trealose, glicina betaína e prolina são indicadores do efeito da interação dos estresses hídrico e ácido no solo. O acúmulo dos solutos compatíveis nos tecidos foliares das plantas não é capaz de impedir a redução na produção de matéria seca da cana-de-açúcar, resultante do agravamento nas condições de disponibilidade hídrica e de acidez no solo.

A interação nas distâncias: a análise de um processo

Education and technology have always walked side by side. The Information and Communication Technologies are inserted in education as a profile of people from the new era. This research has the objective of understanding the insertion of the use of the Technologies of Information and Communication within the educational context, from the analysis of the process of interactivity among students and teachers of the Portuguese distance course of the Tiradentes University (Unit). For such, the empiric investigation was based on the analysis of academic documents, such as: the Course Pedagogical Project and Class Planning of regular classes, in regular classrooms, as well as interviews, focal groups, and pictures with people who live the history of the course. Direct observations were also conducted. The methodology applied was bibliographic and qualitative research of the exploratory type, using the information that was collected through the interviews. The results of this research demonstrated that the interaction promoted by the ICT represents a process of social change, and therefore, of development for education. It was concluded that the Distance Education has to overcome some fragilities, aiming at contributing to the educational field and to the promotion of interactions among students

Protagonismo juvenil: uma avaliação do programa agente jovem de desenvolvimento humano na cidade de Natal RN (2006/2007).

This paper presents a critical rescue of the term youth, while simultaneously is presented as the lifetime of between 15 and 24 years. Rescue two features in the literature. The first considers youth as a transition period and the second phase work that from a predisposition to rebellion. Discusses the design plural of that term, youth recital to this social and historical aspects of different societies to which it relates and highlights the importance of realizing the diversity of it. Where the object of investigation, the Young Agent Program, the overall objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions of the Young Agent Program for Human Development in Natal-RN. Specifically aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Young Agent Program: a) as an enhancer of the integration of young people in social spaces of family, school and community, b) as to (re) insertion and the incorporation of issues related to health in adolescence, and c ) regarding the work of young people as multipliers of the actions of the program. With regard to the methodological procedures presents a review of the literature on youth, and the categories of human development, leadership and evaluation of youth policies for the construction of theoretical and analytical approach, using documentary data collection in the Municipal Labor and Social Services - SEMT on the Young Agent Program, and interviews with actors involved in the program. Finally, evaluates the effectiveness of the Young Agent Program from the perspective of participants

"Antes que eu esqueça : trajetórias, laços e memórias produzidas por sujeitos da terceira idade na interação em territórios de sociabilidades

Currently the number of elderly in the world and Brazil is growing increasingly. However, old age is still presented as a complex issue that needs more depth. It is extremely important that society should create a discourse committed to reviewing negative stereotypes of old age as well as studies that allow the construction of new looks inclusive , as well as the creation of public policies that favor the elderly category, such as the National Policy and Elderly Statute established recently. The aim of this study is to analyze the spaces of sociability for the elderly Mossley and understand how the collective experiences in these environments influence the quality of life and influence in their depictions of the elderly subjects. To collect data observations were made, semi-structured interviews and wheels conversations with men and women aged 65 to 80 years old, retired, mostly widows, neighborhood residents Abolition in Mossley, participants (CCI) Coexistence Center Seniors Jose Sarney and (CRAS) Reference Center and Welfare. Thus, the spaces facing the elderly are presented as a good alternative for the rehabilitation, the fun and preserve their memories, while the agents posing as productive, active, and transformers of their reality

Atrás das grades: redes sociais, habitus e interação social no sistema carcerário do RN

Esta tesis trata de discutir y entender los diversos tipos de redes sociales y formas de interacción social presentes en el sistema penitenciario de Rio Grande do Norte. Nuestro problema se basa en un incremento significativo en las tasas de encarcelamiento y la prisión en Brasil y el mundo en los últimos diez años. Asimismo, la aparición del crimen organizado ya, en cierta medida, el control de las prisiones brasileñas, como el Comando Vermelho (CV) y el Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), una consecuencia directa de las terribles condiciones de las prisiones de Brasil y aumento de la violencia y el crimen en nuestro país. Para resolver el problema, se optó por utilizar las categorías de análisis de Michel Foucault (prisión y la disciplina), Pierre Bourdieu (habitus y campo), Ervirng Goffman (institución total, de interacción, de fachada y de equipo) y Mark Granovetter, Ricardo Abramovay e João Peixoto, entre otros, la nueva sociología económica (Redes, nodos y lazos) como principal apoyo. También construyó una revisión histórica de la cárcel en Brasil y Rio Grande do Norte hasta llegar al objeto. Esto, en términos de investigación cualitativa, se sumergió en el mundo de las prisiones Dr. Francisco Nogueira Fernandes, conocido como Penitenciario de Alcaçuz, ubicado en el municipio de Nísia Bosque, Rio Grande do Norte. Penitenciaría del Estado de origen, las casas de Alcaçuz seiscientos cuarenta y tres reclusos, divididos en cinco pabellones, un total de ciento cuarenta y siete células. Mediante la observación sistemática y la entrevista cualitativa s semi-estructurada como las principales fuentes de recopilación de datos, hemos tratado de explicar el universo que acabamos de analizar por las Ciencias Sociales. Nos dimos cuenta de que, para cumplir con la escena nacional, regaliz viola de manera flagrante lo que se denomina en la Constitución de 1988 y LEP (Ley de Ejecución Penal), sin tener en cuenta los derechos de los individuos a una porción de una oración con un mínimo de dignidad. Se ha demostrado que las personas que permean el universo proviene de un ambiente de la prisión, la sociabilidad violenta, sedo también tienen un habitus precario. La prisión, espacio disciplinario y un tipo específico de interacción social marcada por el control, contribuye a la profundización de habitus, pero que muestra que no es también como un espacio cerrado en absoluto, sino un lugar donde penetran las redes y dinámicas muy social. Al mismo tiempo, se encontró que más de la presencia de "grupos organizados" es el espacio en las cárceles para la interacción social y las redes sociales que pasan dentro y fuera de su espacio

Interação tritrófica e influência de produtos químicos e vegetais no complexo: brássicas x traça-das-crucíferas x parasitóides de ovos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Água de consumo humano como fator de risco à saúde em propriedades rurais

OBJETIVO: Verificar a qualidade higiênico-sanitária da água de consumo humano em propriedades rurais por meio da contagem de indicadores microbiológicos de potabilidade. MÉTODOS: Foram colhidas 180 amostras de água utilizada para consumo humano das fontes, reservatórios e ponto de consumo em 30 propriedades rurais, situadas na região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo. Determinou-se o número mais provável de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e o número de microrganismos mesófilos. Foi verificada a presença de medidas de proteção das fontes de abastecimento. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram que 90% das amostras de água das fontes, 90% dos reservatórios e 96,7% de água de consumo humano, colhidas no período de chuvas, e 83,3%, 96,7% e 90%, daquelas colhidas respectivamente nos mesmos locais, durante a estiagem, estavam fora dos padrões microbiológicos de potabilidade para água de consumo humano. CONCLUSÕES: A água utilizada nas propriedades rurais foi considerada um importante fator de risco à saúde dos seres humanos que a utilizam. A adoção de medidas preventivas, visando à preservação das fontes de água, e o tratamento das águas já comprometidas são as ferramentas necessárias para diminuir consideravelmente o risco de ocorrência de enfermidades de veiculação hídrica.

DERSU UZALA Hibridação Homem-Natureza

Esta disertación explora de qué forma las hibridaciones entre ser humano y ambientes naturales no urbanos contribuyen a configurar las estrategias de atención, de construcción de conocimiento y de interacción con el mundo del sujeto y cómo, recursivamente, las actitudes perceptivo-cognitivas y las maneras de acercarse a lo real, de imputar sentido a los fenómenos y de interactuar con el ambiente practicadas por el sujeto condicionan y contribuyen a definir las hibridaciones entre humanos y no humanos. Lo que guía esa exploración es el concepto de híbrido que, inspirándome en Bruno Latour (2008), concibo como una asociación entre elementos sin características inherentes, compenetrados, que se redefinen, recrean e reconfiguran recíprocamente. Utilizo como operadores cognitivos una narrativa literaria y una cinematográfica: el libro autobiográfico Dersu Uzala del escritor y explorador ruso Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev (1872-1930), publicado por primera vez en 1923, y la película homónima del director japonés Akira Kurosawa (1910-1998), lanzada en 1975. Estas obras reconstruyen tres expediciones realizadas por Arseniev a principios del siglo XX en la región siberiana del Ussuri que tuvieron como guía al cazador nómada de etnia gold Dersu Uzala, con quien el escritor construyó una profunda amistad. La elección de hacer dialogar en el mismo plan a dos modos complementares de conocimiento, arte y ciencia, se fundamenta en la concepción de Edgar Morin (2003b) de la literatura y el cine como escuelas de vida y de complejidad humana y en la visión de Claude Lévi- Strauss (2007) del arte como modelo reducido que favorece una mirada más abarcadora sobre los fenómenos. Inicialmente, pongo en relación mi investigación con los trabajos de Silmara Lídia Marton (2008) y Samir Cristino de Souza (2009), que analizaron las estrategias de construcción de conocimiento y de interacción con el mundo de un habitante de la Laguna de Piató (Municipio de Assú, Estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil), Francisco Lucas da Silva, y muestro algunas analogías entre estas y las de Dersu Uzala, ambas productos de determinadas hibridaciones con el ambiente. A continuación, exploro las implicaciones cognitivas de la amistad de Arseniev con el cazador gold, metáfora/encarnación del diálogo posible entre saberes de matrices diferentes. En un tercer momento, dialogando con pensadores que se interrogaron sobre el trinomio hombre-naturaleza-representaciones y con las narrativas de Arseniev (1997) y Kurosawa (1975), reflexiono sobre las ideas de híbrido, de humano y no humano, de vivo y no vivo, de proximidad y distancia del sujeto con respecto a otros sistemas de lectura del mundo, de relación directa y mediada con lo real, de ambientes naturales urbanos y no urbanos. A seguir, incursiono en el libro de Arseniev y en el largometraje de Kurosawa intentando identificar qué factores más contribuyeron para configurar las estrategias de conocimiento y de interacción con el ambiente manifestadas por el explorador y por el cazador gold y, recursivamente, de qué forma esas estrategias contribuyeron a definir sus hibridaciones con el ambiente siberiano. Por último, a partir de las reflexiones tejidas a lo largo del trabajo, me interrogo sobre lo que ellas pueden decirnos sobre nuestra forma de interactuar con la naturaleza no humana y sobre el diálogo entre distintas formas de percibir, conocer y relacionarse con el mundo

Formação de professores, saberes, reflexividade e apropriação da cultura digital no Projeto Um Computador por Aluno (UCA)

This study investigates teacher training and cognitive practice of teachers in a Basic Education school that adopted the Project One Computer per Student (OCS) in their school routine. Its relevance consists in provide directions for the continuation of training activities on the Project and guide the teachers with their pedagogical practices using the laptop model one to one. The thesis defended is that the educator formation for social using of digital media (specially the laptops from the Project UCA) gives space to establish new sociotechnical relationships, of new social and professionals practices, new identitary components and a process of reflexivity and knowledge reconstruction to teach. We reaffirm the importance of reflexivity and appropriation of digital culture for the better development of teaching practice using the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), giving focus to the aspects of social and professional use of the technology. The study is part of the qualitative aspect and is a procedural tracking based on principles of ethnographic research. As procedures and methodological tools, were used: intensive observation of school environments, documental analysis, focal group, semi-structured questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews. The research was held in a public school in the city of Parnamirim - RN. The subject sample relates to 17 teachers, coming from the elementary school I and II, Youth and Adult Education and High School, who went through the process of training UCA and having entered the laptops in their teaching. The research corpus is structured based on the messages built into the process of data collection and is analyzed based on principles of Content Analysis, specified by Laurence Bardin (2011). Was taken as theoretical reference studies by Tardif (2000; 2011), Pimenta (2009), Gorz (2004, 2005), Giddens (1991), Dewey, J. (1916), Boudieu (1994; 1999), Freire (1996; 2005), among others. The analysis indicates a process of reconstruction / revision of knowledge to teach and work in digital culture, being these knowledges guided by the experience of the subjects investigated. The reconstructed knowledges will be revealed from a categorization process. The following groups of knowledges: "technical knowledges", "didactic-methodological knowledges and knowledges of professionalization" were built on the assumption of ownership of digital culture in the educational context. The analysis confirms the appearance of new ways of sociability when acquiring other forms of acting and thinking ICTs, despite the environment adverse to the reflexivity shared among the teachers. Also reveals, based on the ownership concept present on the data analysis, the construction of meanings of belonging and transformation of individuals into social routes from the interweaving of the teaching practice with the digital culture. Emphasizes, finally, the importance of a training for use of ICTs that exceeds the instrumentation, in other words, what we call "technical knowledges", but taking on its structural basis the shared reflection, the opening for the ressignificance (new meaning) and reconstruction of new knowledges and practices and that really allows, to the teacher, the living of an experience capable of providing socio-technical transformations of their relationships

Interação entre a equipe de enfermagem e a gestante com diagnóstico de pré-eclâmpsia

The objective of this exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the perception of the nursing team and the pregnant women hospitalized with pre-eclampsia regarding the interactive process occurring in the care relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with twenty nursing professionals that work in the high-risk ward and ten pregnant women with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The discourses were analyzed using the content analysis method, in the modality of thematic identification. Three categories were identified that describe the perception of the interaction by the nursing professionals: recognizing the needs of the hospitalized pregnant woman, understanding the woman with pre-eclampsia, and presenting difficulties in the interactive process. With regards to the pregnant women, four categories emerged: recognizing the clinical care, feeling the lack of information, experiencing feelings during the hospitalization, and envisioning the interaction process. The meaning of the discourses was analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism. The results indicate that both, the nursing professionals and the pregnant women, have a limited perception of their interaction, suggesting a need for further reflection about this reality in the health service units and in the nursing education environment

Interação entre alface e tomateiro consorciados em ambiente protegido, em diferentes épocas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O trabalho em saúde como espaço pedagógico: desafios e possibilidades

The ongoing transformations in brazilian society, arising from technical and organizational changes in the working world, are making, with much emphasis, heated debates resurge related to themes and issues that refer to the relationship between work, skills and education. Thus, this study is inserted in the link between education and work, pointing to the work as an educational principle according to Antonio Gramsci. This paper aims to discuss the interfaces between education and work in the everyday health care teams and learn about the activities developed by health teams related to the learning processes in and with the work to analyze the opportunities and challenges of transforming spaces of health work in an environment of lifelong learning. This is a descriptive, exploratory with a qualitative approach case study developed from semi-structured interviews with the health staff professionals of the Unidade de Terapia Intensiva da Casa de Saúde Dix-Sept Rosado in Mossoró / RN , who answered open questions about the relationship between education and work. The interviews were conducted during the month of January 2010, the same being recorded, transcribed and analyzed, culminating in the production of new knowledge on the subject. It is understood that work and education activities are eminently human, therefore only the human being works and educates. Given the statements of participants, it is noticed that all work processes in health are learning moments. This happens through new demands imposed by the everyday of the services, by interaction with a multidisciplinary team, participation in educational activities and individual study. It was noticed that the institution in this case does not promote study courses related to Intensive Care and that there are obstacles to the realization of educational activities on and with the work, such as: excessive workload, inability to release staff to participate in events, low pay, which leads the worker to have more than one employment, rejection of new knowledge by some workers and lack of physical infrastructure and incentives for the activities. The daily situations must be transformed in learning, selfanalyzing the problems of practice and valuing the work process itself in its intrinsic context. We conclude that dealing with the web of relationships between educational processes and production processes of health services, unraveling the intricacies of the world of work and education requirements in this sector are increasingly on the agenda of Sistema Único de Saúde workers and managers. The continuing consideration of this issue becomes an essential condition for the proper discharge of their responsibilities. We consider that bringing the education to everyday life is the result of recognition of the educational potential of the work situation