Evaluation of Recycled Rubber in Asphalt Concrete, HR-330, Construction Report, 1991

Discarded tires present major disposal and environmental problems. The recycling of those tires in asphalt cement concrete is what this research deals with. The Iowa DOT and the University of Northern Iowa (UNI) are evaluating the use of discarded tires in asphalt rubber cement and rubber chip mixes. The project is located on US 61 between Blue Grass and Muscatine in Muscatine County. It contains four rubberized asphalt sections and control sections. One section consists of reacted rubber asphalt cement used in both the binder and surface courses, and one section, both lanes, contains a rubber chip mix. The reacted rubber asphalt and the rubber chip mixes were laid in July 1991. The project construction went well with a few problems of shoving and cracking of the mat. This report contains information about procedures and tests that were run and those that will be run. It also has a cost comparison since this is a major concern with the use of asphalt rubber. Evaluation of this project will continue for five years. Three more research projects containing rubberized asphalt were constructed in 1991 and another is to be constructed in 1992.

Evaluation of Recycled Rubber in Asphalt Concrete - Black Hawk County, HR-330B, Construction Report, 1992

The disposal of discarded tires has become a major problem. Different methods of recycling have been researched. Currently, Iowa is researching the use of ground recycled crumb rubber from discarded tires in asphalt rubber cement. Six projects have been completed in Iowa using asphalt rubber cement. This project is located on IA 947 (University Avenue) in Cedar Falls/Waterloo. The project contains one section with asphalt rubber cement used in both the binder and surface courses and one section using asphalt rubber cement in the surface course with a conventional binder. There are two control sections where conventional asphalt pavement was placed.

Audit report on America’s Agricultural Industrial Heritage Landscape, Inc., d/b/a Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area and Silos and Smokestacks Natural Heritage Area Foundation in Waterloo, Iowa for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014

Audit report on America’s Agricultural Industrial Heritage Landscape, Inc., d/b/a Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area and Silos and Smokestacks Natural Heritage Area Foundation in Waterloo, Iowa for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014

Seleção de clones de batata para processamento industrial em condições de clima subtropical e temperado

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata para processamento industrial, cultivados em condições de clima subtropical e temperado do Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 30 clones avançados e três cultivares (testemunhas), na primavera de 2007 e 2008, e no outono de 2008, em Júlio de Castilhos, RS (condição de clima subtropical), e no verão de 2008 e 2009, em São Joaquim, SC (condição de clima temperado). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (33 clones em 5 ambientes), com duas ou três repetições de dez covas. Foram avaliados: a produção por cova, a aparência, a cor de chips e os teores de matéria seca e de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos. Houve interação significativa entre clones e ambientes para todas as características avaliadas, exceto quanto à cor de chips. A produção por cova e o teor de matéria seca dos tubérculos foram maiores no cultivo de verão. As condições ambientais de cultivo afetaram todos os caracteres avaliados. As condições de cultivo do Sul do Brasil possibilitam a seleção de clones de batata, com suficiente teor de matéria seca, para atender às exigências da indústria de processamento de batata.

Iowa Development of Rubblized Concrete Pavement Base Mills County, Construction Report, HR-315, 1990

The concept of rubblizing existing concrete pavement prior to the placement of an asphaltic cement concrete overlay has been around for several years and, in fact, has been tried successfully in the states of New York, Michigan, and Ohio. With available construction and maintenance dollars usually not meeting the demands of the needed work, much of the necessary rehabilitation of existing Portland cement concrete pavements is not being completed when it would be most beneficial. Research project HR-315, "Iowa Development of Rubblized Concrete", has been undertaken to determine the effects of rubblized concrete pavement base as it affects the cracking pattern and longevity of the ACC overlay.

A Continuous Span Aluminum Girder Concrete Deck Bridge - Part 2 of 2: Fatigue Tests of Aluminum Girders, Final Report, 1997

In 1957, the Iowa State Highway Commission, with financial assistance from the aluminum industry, constructed a 220-ft (67-m) long, four-span continuous, aluminum girder bridge to carry traffic on Clive Road (86th Street) over Interstate 80 near Des Moines, Iowa. The bridge had four, welded I-shape girders that were fabricated in pairs with welded diaphragms between an exterior and an interior girder. The interior diaphragms between the girder pairs were bolted to girder brackets. A composite, reinforced concrete deck served as the roadway surface. The bridge, which had performed successfully for about 35 years of service, was removed in the fall of 1993 to make way for an interchange at the same location. Prior to the bridge demolition, load tests were conducted to monitor girder and diaphragm bending strains and deflections in the northern end span. Fatigue testing of the aluminum girders that were removed from the end spans were conducted by applying constant-amplitude, cyclic loads. These tests established the fatigue strength of an existing, welded, flange-splice detail and added, welded, flange-cover plates and horizontal web plate attachment details. This part, Part 2, of the final report focuses on the fatigue tests of the aluminum girder sections that were removed from the bridge and on the analysis of the experimental data to establish the fatigue strength of full-size specimens. Seventeen fatigue fractures that were classified as Category E weld details developed in the seven girder test specimens. Linear regression analyses of the fatigue test results established both nominal and experimental stress-range versus load cycle relationships (SN curves) for the fatigue strength of fillet-welded connections. The nominal strength SN curve obtained by this research essentially matched the SN curve for Category E aluminum weldments given in the AASHTO LRFD specifications. All of the Category E fatigue fractures that developed in the girder test specimens satisfied the allowable SN relationship specified by the fatigue provisions of the Aluminum Association. The lower-bound strength line that was set at two standard deviations below the least squares regression line through the fatigue fracture data points related well with the Aluminum Association SN curve. The results from the experimental tests of this research have provided additional information regarding behavioral characteristics of full-size, aluminum members and have confirmed that aluminum has the strength properties needed for highway bridge girders.

Smooth transition or permanent exit? Evidence on job prospects of displaced industrial workers

This article examines the job prospects of displaced industrial workers in Switzerland. Based on a survey of 1,203 workers who were dismissed after their manufacturing plants closed down, we analyse the determinants of re-employment, the sector of re-employment and the change in wages. Two years after displacement, a majority of workers were back in employment: 69% were re-employed, 17% un-employed and 11% retired. Amongst re-employed workers, two thirds found a job in manufacturing and one third in services. Contrary to a common belief, low-end services are not the collecting vessel of redundant industrial workers. Displaced workers aged 55 and older seem particularly vulnerable after a plant closes down: over 30% were long-term unemployed, and those older workers who found a new job suffered disproportionate wage losses. Advanced age-and not low education-appears as the primary handicap after mass redundancy.

Analysis of Industrial Granular Flow Applications by Using Advanced Collision Models

Granular flow phenomena are frequently encountered in the design of process and industrial plants in the traditional fields of the chemical, nuclear and oil industries as well as in other activities such as food and materials handling. Multi-phase flow is one important branch of the granular flow. Granular materials have unusual kinds of behavior compared to normal materials, either solids or fluids. Although some of the characteristics are still not well-known yet, one thing is confirmed: the particle-particle interaction plays a key role in the dynamics of granular materials, especially for dense granular materials. At the beginning of this thesis, detailed illustration of developing two models for describing the interaction based on the results of finite-element simulation, dimension analysis and numerical simulation is presented. The first model is used to describing the normal collision of viscoelastic particles. Based on some existent models, more parameters are added to this model, which make the model predict the experimental results more accurately. The second model is used for oblique collision, which include the effects from tangential velocity, angular velocity and surface friction based on Coulomb's law. The theoretical predictions of this model are in agreement with those by finite-element simulation. I n the latter chapters of this thesis, the models are used to predict industrial granular flow and the agreement between the simulations and experiments also shows the validation of the new model. The first case presents the simulation of granular flow passing over a circular obstacle. The simulations successfully predict the existence of a parabolic steady layer and show how the characteristics of the particles, such as coefficients of restitution and surface friction affect the separation results. The second case is a spinning container filled with granular material. Employing the previous models, the simulation could also reproduce experimentally observed phenomena, such as a depression in the center of a high frequency rotation. The third application is about gas-solid mixed flow in a vertically vibrated device. Gas phase motion is added to coherence with the particle motion. The governing equations of the gas phase are solved by using the Large eddy simulation (LES) and particle motion is predicted by using the Lagrangian method. The simulation predicted some pattern formation reported by experiment.

Korkeapainehöyryputkiston kannakoinnin muutostyön tuotteistaminen

Teollisuusyritysten kunnossapitostrategioiden muuttuessa enemmän ennakoivan kunnossapidon suuntaan, avaase teollisuuspalveluille uusia mahdollisuuksia. Nykyisin yksi menestyvän yrityksen lähtökohdista on kehittää tuotettaan asiakaslähtöisesti. Yrityksen täytyy luoda toimintatapoja, joilla tietoa asiakkaiden tarpeista pystytään keräämään. Työssä käsitellään asiakastarvekartoituksen vaiheet korkeapainehöyryputkiston muutosyön kehittämistä varten. asiakastarvekartoitukseen valitaan menetelmät niin tiedon hankintaa kuin analysointia varten. Asiakastarvekartoituksessa ei huomioida ainoastaan asiakasta, vaan siinä huomioidaan myös yrityksen itsensä sekä muiden osapuolten, kuten viranomaisten, vaikutus tuotteeseen. Asiakastarvekartoituksen avulla saadaan muutostyölle asetettua konkreettisia tavoitteita, sekä kehitettyä ratkaisuja, joiden avulla asiakasta pystytään palvelemaan entistä paremmin.

L'Aigua i el patrimoni industrial de la Garrotxa

L’objectiu d’aquest treball de recerca és el d’establir una “Ruta sobre el Patrimoni Industrial de la Garrotxa” amb la finalitat de potenciar el patrimoni industrial de la comarca; fomentar la seva protecció, rehabilitació i preservació; així com també fer accessible aquest patrimoni als visitants i habitants donant a conèixer diferents tipus d’accés a la ruta: a peu, amb bicicleta o amb cotxe

Produção de mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), inoculadas com o fungo micorrízico arbuscular Glomus clarum, em substrato agro-industrial

Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), produzidas em blocos prensados, confeccionados com resíduos agro-industriais, e inoculadas com o fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, sendo 2 tratamentos microbiológicos: controle e FMA; e 2 sistemas de produção de mudas: blocos prensados (nova metodologia) e tubetes plásticos (tradicional), com 5 repetições. O substrato utilizado para a confecção dos blocos prensados e enchimento dos tubetes foi constituído por uma mistura de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e torta de filtro (3:1 v/v). O FMA proporcionou aumentos significativos na produção de matéria seca, conteúdo de N e P da parte aérea da goiabeira, apenas no sistema de produção das mudas em blocos prensados. Mudas produzidas e inoculadas em blocos prensados mostraram um aumento de 88% na matéria seca da parte aérea, 82% e 89% para os conteúdos de nitrogênio e fósforo da parte aérea, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento-controle.

Transnational private authority and the participation of workers' organizations in the regulatory space surrounding the employment relationship

Most corporate codes of conduct and multi-stakeholder sustainability standards guarantee workers' rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, but many authors are sceptical about the concrete impact of codes and standards of this kind. In this paper we use Hancher and Moran's (1998) concept of 'regulatory space' to assess the potential of private transnational regulation to support the growth of trade union membership and collective bargaining relationships, drawing on some preliminary case study results from a project on the impact of the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) social conditionality on worker organization and social dialogue. One of the major effects of neoliberal economic and industrial policy has been the routine exclusion of workers' organizations from regulatory processes on the grounds that they introduce inappropriate 'political' motives into what ought to be technical decision-making processes. This, rather than any direct attack on their capacity to take action, is what seems best to explain the global decline in union influence (Cradden 2004; Howell 2007; Howe 2012). The evidence we present in the paper suggests that private labour regulation may under certain conditions contribute to a reversal of this tendency, re-establishing the legitimacy of workers' organizations within regulatory processes and by extension the legitimacy of their use of economic and social power. We argue that guarantees of freedom of association and bargaining rights within private regulation schemes are effective to the extent that they can be used by workers' organizations in support of a claim for access to the regulatory space within which the terms and conditions of the employment relationship are determined. Our case study evidence shows that certain trade unions in East Africa have indeed been able to use IFC and other private regulation schemes as levers to win recognition from employers and to establish collective bargaining relationships. Although they did not attempt to use formal procedures to make a claim for the enforcement of freedom of association rights on behalf of their members, the unions did use enterprises' adherence to private regulation schemes as a normative point of reference in argument and political exchange about worker representation. For these unions, the regulation was a useful addition to the range of arguments that they could deploy as means to justify their demand for recognition by employers. By contrast, the private regulation that helps workers' organizations to win access to regulatory processes does little to ensure that they are able to participate meaningfully, whether in terms of technical capacity or of their ability to mobilize social power as a counterweight to the economic power of employers. To the extent that our East African unions were able to make an impact on terms and conditions of employment via their participation in regulatory space it was solely on the basis of their own capacities and resources and the application of national labour law.

Projecte d'una instal·lació elèctrica i una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa de baixa tensió, en una nau industrial

Dissenyar la xarxa elèctrica d'una nau industrial i dissenyar una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa de baixa tensió. Per a la instal·lació de la nova xarxa elèctrica s'ha aprofitat tot l'enllumenat, els endolls i els interruptors existents en la nau, de l'anterior instal·lació, que s'ha quedat obsoleta degut a la instal·lació de noves màquines. S'ha escollit una instal·lació solar fotovoltaica connectada a la xarxa elèctrica perquè s'utilitza una energia purament neta i inesgotable, perquè té una bona rentabilitat.

Cálculo y diseño de la estructura de una nave industrial destinada a un centro de mecanizado

En el siguiente proyecto se pretende realizar los cálculos correctos para determinar cual ha de ser la estructura y las cimentaciones de una nave industrial perfectamente diseñada. El àmbito de aplicación del proyecto es la arquitectura industrial.