A moderna agricultura no final do século XIX em São Paulo: algumas propostas

Esta pesquisa se insere dentro da história da agricultura no Brasil, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, início do século XX. As propostas de modernização agrícola giravam em torno de diferentes assuntos, mas sempre interligados, como: diversificação da agricultura, adubação química e natural, cultura intensiva do solo, mão de obra, povoamento e colonização, instalação de núcleos coloniais dentro dos moldes da moderna agricultura então desejada, instrução agrícola por meio de campos de experiências e demonstração, ensino agrícola para diferentes graus, a mecanização da lavoura, o que era chamado, na época, de Moderna Agricultura, em substituição ao que era considerado como agricultura rotineira ou atrasada, praticada desde o início da agricultura no Brasil.

Fracionamento da fertirrigação e seu efeito na produção da alface sob ambiente protegido

Buscando quantificar o efeito do parcelamento da fertirrigação no desenvolvimento da alface, esta pesquisa procurou verificar o número de parcelas de fertirrigação que apresentasse o melhor desempenho no crescimento da cultura. O experimento se deu em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, quatro tratamentos de fertirrigação e três lâminas de irrigação (L1, L2 e L3). Em um dos tratamentos de fertirrigação (F1), toda a adubação necessária se deu no início do plantio; no tratamento F2, a metade da adubação se deu no início do plantio e a outra metade no meio do ciclo da cultura, uma vez planejada a colheita em 40 dias após o plantio; o tratamento F3 foi fracionado: 1/3 da adubação no início do plantio, 1/3 depois de 13 dias e o ultimo terço após 26 dias do plantio; o tratamento F4 seguiu o mesmo raciocínio, fracionando a aplicação em 4 partes, de 10 em 10 dias. Logo, os quatro tratamentos de fertirrigação receberam a mesma dosagem de fertilizantes. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a aplicação F1 resultou no pior desempenho, com massa fresca de 135,06 gramas por planta, enquanto o melhor resultado se deu no tratamento F2, com massa fresca de 161,40 g. Em todas as lâminas, o parcelamento F3 resultou em sistema radicular mais desenvolvido. O tratamento L1 apresentou em média maior desenvolvimento das raízes, seguido do L2 e L3. O tratamento L1 apresentou menor condutividade elétrica no extrato da solução dos vasos, sendo o único tratamento que diferiu estatisticamente dos demais.

Absorção de nitrogênio pelo algodoeiro herbáceo em dois sistemas de cultivo

The study of nutrient uptake is of fundamental importance to plant nutrition, as well as tell the time (growth stage) being absorbed by the culture, also signals to the levels of fertilizer to be used. Aiming to establish the uptake of nitrogen for cultivation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch.) led to an experiment in a Alfissol under randomized block design with two treatments, sowing conventional tillage and after tillage on the straw of previous crop (millet), with five replicates. Samples were taken according to the phenology and plants development. The dry matter accumulation in cotton is linear and increasing until the period of large boll, being more intense with the appearance of flowers and boll, or 50 to 100 days after emergence. The nitrogen content is higher in newly emerged plants, having peaks at the beginning of the appearance of squares and flowers, and from the appearance of small boll, the nitrogen content in the plant decreases linearly. The extraction of nitrogen is bigger from the appearance of flowers (55-60 days after emergence).

Resposta da alface à aplicação de biofertilizante sob dois níveis de irrigação

The use of biofertilizers is interesting for agriculture as being an economical alternative as well as it is environmentally friendly by using organic waste and reducing the application of mineral fertilizers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer doses of bovine origin (biodigester effluent) applied on the ground and two levels of irrigation on lettuce. The experiment was conducted under protection of a greenhouse in pots, applying to the soil different doses of biofertilizer of bovine origin obtained from anaerobic reactor (10, 20, 40 and 60 m3 ha-1) and mineral fertilizer as a witness in two irrigation levels calculated at 50 and 100% of reference evapotranspiration. The lettuce plants were analyzed in their: Height, leaves number, crown diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. The biofertilizer treatments showed better results than the mineral fertilizer and has increased with increasing doses of biofertilizer, the highest dose (60 m3 ha-1) showed the best results in all variables. For dry, mineral fertilization showed higher values. The irrigation levels had no effect on plant growth.

Efeito do manejo e de níveis de lodo de esgoto na fertilidade do solo após tres aplicações

The agricultural use of sewage sludge as organic fertilizer is considered nowadays as on alternative of disposal, in the end of the residue in addition to possible environmental problems, it's using can decrease the mineral fertilizers and avoid provide organic matter to the soil. The objective of this study it was to evaluate the parameters of soil fertility under different managements and doses of sewage sludge after the third application of the residue. The experiment was carried out in São Manuel - SP, with the cultivation of sunflower in two consecutives cycles, followed by wheat and triticale without application of the residual, and in the following year with the application of sewage sludge and cultivated the black oats. It was adopted a randomized complete block design, consisting of six treatments and five repetitions defined as follows: T0 - without fertilization; T1 - mineral fertilizer nitrogen according to crop need, T2 - 50% of N from sewage sludge and 50% in mineral form, T3 - 100% of N from sewage sludge, T4 - 150% of N from sewage sludge, T5 - 200% of N derived from sewage sludge. Soil samples were collected in the end of the trial of oats. There were an increase in the levels of P, H + Al, CEC and OM, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn as a function of increasing dose of sewage sludge. To V% and pH were decreased the values in the proportional soil to the increase of sludge dose until 24 and 22 t ha-1, respectively and after increasing the pH and V%.

Danos do complexo broca-podridão à produtividade e à qualidade da cana-de-açúcar fertirrigada com doses de nitrogênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen-fertigation on the damage caused by the borer-rot complex to the productivity and quality of fertigated sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in field, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and five N doses (0, 50 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1) applied through drip irrigation. The following variables were determined: number of holes caused by Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae); number of internodes infected with red rot; incidence percentage of red rot; stalk productivity; and sugar content. In laboratory, the attractiveness and the consumption of culm fragments by fourth instar caterpillars, in trials with or without choice, were evaluated. Nitrogen fertigation increased the incidence of D. saccharalis and red rot. The number of holes produced by the larvae was correlated with the occurrence of red rot. Sugar percentage reduced with the increase in the number of red rot affected internodes. Nitrogen doses did not affect the attractiveness of sugarcane culm fragments; however, higher N doses increased the consumption of these fragments by D. saccharalis caterpillars. Despite the damages to quality, nitrogen fertilization expressively enhanced the productivity of stalks and sugar.

Nutrição e produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia em função de doses de nitrogênio

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on mineral nutrition and yield of macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia). The experiment was carried out during three agricultural years, in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete block with four replicates. Five doses of N (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 per year), applied as urea, were evaluated. The increase in N doses increased the nutrient concentration in the leaves and the yield of nuts and almonds. Ca, Mg, and S contents decreased and the ones of Fe and Mg increased linearly with N fertilization. Nut and almond yields were positively correlated with leaf N concentration, and the range from 14 to 18 g kg-1 allowed the highest yields. The dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N per year provides higher nut yields, without reducing the recovery rate of almonds.

Sistemas de manejo e efeito residual do potássio na produtividade e nutrição do feijão-caupi

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp] have great social and economic importance for the Para State. It grows well in areas with low precipitation and two crop cycles can be obtained annually. This study aimed to assess the effect of the residual fertilization from a previous culture (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and crop systems on cowpea yield and macronutrient concentration on leaves of three cowpea cultivars (BRSMilênio, BRS-Urubuquara e BRS-Guariba). The study was conducted at the UFRA. The treatments were two crop systems (minimum tillage and conventional), four levels of potassium (50, 100, 200 e 300 kg de KCl ha-1 applied to a previous sorghum culture) and the three cowpea cultivars. Treatments were organized as a three (4 x 2 x 3) factor experiment on a randomized complete block design. The soil was a yellow latosol. In each experiment plot five plants were selected to determine shoot dry matter and foliar nutrient concentration. Grain yield was determined after harvesting all plants on the experiment plot. The residual KCl fertilization affected foliar nutrient content, but did not affect shoot dry mass or yield of grain. Yield was higher in the minimum tillage system. Highest yield (1590 kg ha-1) was recorded int the cv. 'Guariba' when 100 kg of KCl ha-1 had been used in the previous crop. The highest content of leaf N and K was found in cowpea under minimum tillage system. The amount of P and Mg were higher in the conventional system whereas the amount of Ca did not change.

Doses e modos de aplicação de fósforo na nutrição e produção do feijoeiro cultivar Pérola

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Níveis de lodo de esgoto no desenvolvimento, nutrição e produtividade da cultura do girassol

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fontes e doses de nitrogênio na nutrição, produção e qualidade do feijoeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeitos do glyphosate sobre o crescimento e absorção de fósforo pela soja

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Resposta do milho à adição de níveis de fitomassa de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e nitrogênio em latossolo vermelho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Gesso de minério associado a fontes de fósforo na cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto no Estado de Alagoas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Ciclagem e disponibilidade de fósforo para a soja em rotação com braquiária como espécie de cobertura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)