935 resultados para GIS, geolocalizzazione, osm, webmapping, geoinformatica, neogeografia, opendata, geodata


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Several methods for estimating the potential impacts caused by multiple probabilistic risks have been suggested. These existing methods mostly rely on the weight sum algorithm to address the need for integrated risk assessment. This paper develops a nonlinear model to perform such an assessment. The joint probability algorithm has been applied to the model development. An application of the developed model in South five-island of Changdao National Nature Reserve, China, combining remote sensing data and a GIS technique, provides a reasonable risk assessment. Based on the case study, we discuss the feasibility of the model. We propose that the model has the potential for use in identifying the regional primary stressor, investigating the most vulnerable habitat, and assessing the integrated impact of multiple stressors. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Using satellite images taken on different dates, GIS analysis of aerial photos, bathymetric maps and other field survey data, tidal troughs and major sand ridges in the northern Jiangsu coastal area were contrasted. The results show that there have been three types of movement or migration of tidal trough in this area: (1) Periodic and restricted, this type of trough usually developed along the beaches with immobile gully head as a result of the artificial dams and the swing range increased from gully head to the low reaches, so they have been obviously impacted by human activity and have longer swing periods; (2) Periodic and actively, this kind of trough, which swung with a fast rate and moved periodically on sand ridges, were mainly controlled by the swings of the host tidal troughs and hydrodynamic forces upon tidal sand ridge and influenced slightly by human constructions; (3) Steadily and slowly, they are the main tidal troughs with large scale and a steady orientation in this area and have slow lateral movement. The differences in migration mode of tidal trough shift result in different rates of migration and impact upon tidal sand ridges. Lateral accumulation on current tidal trough and deposition on abandoned tidal troughs are the two types of sedimentation of the tidal sand ridges formation. The whole radial sand ridge was generally prone to division and retreat although sand ridges fluctuated by the analysis of changes in talwegs of tidal troughs and shorelines of sand ridges.

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对古龙咀周围浅海区沉积物的粒度进行了测试与分析,结合相关的地质水文资料,探讨了海岸形态对沉积物粒度的影响。研究区表层沉积物平均粒径在海湾浅海区呈带状由岸向海变细,中等水深和岬角处分布着细粒区,向外海粒径相对变粗;除险岛湾砂质区外,分选差;偏态多数为正偏或近正态;整体峰形极窄,峰型多样。底质类型以粘土质粉砂和砂质粉砂为主,由东北经古龙咀岬角向西南形成S形粘土质粉砂分布带,险岛湾地区沉积物呈带状由砂逐渐过渡到粉砂。潮汐和波浪是本区沉积物输运的主要水动力,岬角的存在影响了沉积物粒度的分布。粒度趋势分析表明沉积物整体有向岬角汇聚的输运趋势。 对收集到基于1954年、1969年、1982年测量绘成的地形图水深数据进行数字化,结合2005年测量的水深数据,分别建立各时期DEM图,在此基础上分析研究区的地形特征。四个时期海底DEM呈现出大体一致的趋势,在险岛湾及白沙口海湾内为浅水区,水深值在-1~-4 m之间,深水区主要分布在南黄岛南端至古龙咀连线以南区域,呈扇形展布,水深由南黄岛两侧向中间逐渐加深,水深值在-10~ -17 m之间。从整体上看,研究区海底地形呈NW-SE方向逐渐加深。 将数字化后的水深数据统一校正到1956黄海高程系,分别建立DEM,运用GIS的栅格计算分析得出冲淤变化图。相关结果表明:1954~1969年研究区整体近岸为冲(险岛湾除外),离岸海域为淤;1969~1982年研究区总体处于弱淤积状态;1982-2005研究区海域近岸为淤,外海以弱冲刷状态为主。

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本文对山东省海岛进行了研究,认识了山东省不同地区海岛的自然环境、资源和开发利用的总体状况。通过对大量的海岛调查资料的整理、分析,提出了利用Geodatabase数据模型构建山东省海岛空间数据库来组织和存储海岛数据的方案,采用GIS软件平台ArcEngine和程序开发语言研发山东省海岛管理信息系统。 山东省是我国海岛资源比较丰富的省份。从整体来看,山东省海岛地理位置优越,气候条件好,海岛类型分为基岩岛、沙岛和人工岛,其中大部分海岛为基岩岛,沙岛主要分布在黄河三角洲北侧的滨州和潍坊昌邑。山东省海岛拥有丰富的渔业资源、水产资源、旅游资源、土地资源、港口资源、地下卤水资源、贝壳砂资源等,依据这些资源优势,海岛的开发也集中在养殖业开发、旅游开发、港口资源开发等。 Geodatabase数据模型能够有效地定义、组织空间数据,ArcSDE技术提供了空间数据存储在商业关系型数据库的通道,Geodatabase数据模型和ArcSDE技术使得使用同一大型的关系型数据库统一存储空间数据和属性数据成为可能。本文采用Geodatabase数据模型、ArcSDE技术、SQL Server数据库,设计了海岛数据的统一存储和管理模型,通过数据处理和入库建立了山东省海岛空间数据库。 本文还基于GIS软件平台ArcEngine组件和程序开发语言VB.NET完成了山东省海岛管理信息系统的开发。该系统实现了海岛数据的访问和加载、海岛地图的显示和操作、海岛数据的多种方式的查询显示、地图的几何量算功能以及海岛专题资料的集成与综合分析,同时系统也提供数据图层的标注、图层颜色的设置,图层的移动、删除功能。这些功能的实现对山东省海岛的开发、管理提供了有用的平台,为决策部门提供服务。

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本文利用南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域现场测量的悬浮体和光谱数据、遥感影像、沙洲陆侧岸滩剖面实测资料、苏北近岸海图水深数据,综合分析了本区文献资料,借助遥感影像处理和GIS技术较为深入地研究南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮泥沙的时空分布规律、沙洲陆侧岸滩剖面的近期变化以及沙洲区潮沟的变迁。研究结果表明: 1) 南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域2003年春季(3-4月)悬浮体浓度要高于2003年秋季(9月),两个季节都是底层悬浮体浓度大于表层;长江口-老黄河口之间的近岸区是本区悬浮体浓度最高的区域;陆源物质为主的无机组分是悬浮体的主体成分,特别是在近岸浅水区和接近海底的底层水中;春秋两季的表层和底层悬浮体平均粒径都是沙洲区内粒度较粗,沙洲外缘粒度相对偏细。2) 基于悬浮泥沙水体光谱特性以及实测光谱反射率与水体中的悬浮泥沙浓度之间的关系,建立了表层悬浮泥沙浓度遥感反演模型,并以此为基础定量反演了南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域2003年四个季节的表层悬沙浓度。3) 近岸沙洲岸滩剖面实测数据分析表明,条子泥陆侧岸滩剖面的季节变化特点是春夏季以侵蚀为主,秋冬季以淤积为主;东沙沙脊两侧边缘以侵蚀为主,而沙脊中央则以淤积为主。4) 研究了辐射沙洲区内大型潮沟及岸滩小型潮沟的变迁规律,并揭示了潮沟变迁与沙洲演化的关系。5) 辐射沙洲的演变趋势整体上处于萎缩和破碎状态。