Produtividade e qualidade de abacaxizeiro cv. Smooth Cayenne, cultivado comaplicação de doses e parcelamentos do nitrogênio, em Guaraçaí-SP

A adubação é um dos fatores que influem na produção e qualidade dos frutos; portanto, a necessidade de se estudar o efeito do nitrogênio aplicado antes e após a indução floral nestas características dos frutos de abacaxi é fundamental. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a produtividade, o estado nutricional e os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos dos frutos de abacaxizeiro 'Smooth Cayenne' submetidos a doses e parcelamentos do nitrogênio, cultivado em Guaraçaí-SP. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao caso, com quatro repetições e dezesseis tratamentos, num esquema fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro doses de N: 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30 g planta-1 de N, e quatro parcelamentos: toda a dose aplicada antes da indução floral, metade da dose antes da indução floral e a outra metade após a indução, 2/3 da dose antes da indução e 1/3 da dose após a indução e toda a dose após a indução floral. A aplicação total do N após a indução floral, independentemente da dose, resultou em menores teores foliares de N e dimensões da folha D, apresentando na colheita frutos pequenos, com menor índice de maturação e maior acidez. Para obtenção de frutos de abacaxi cv. Smooth Cayenne, com maior tamanho, massa e maior teor de SST e menor acidez, a adubação nitrogenada pode ser aplicada em dose total, antes da indução floral, ou parcelada 2/3 antes e 1/3 após esta indução. A adubação nitrogenada incrementou os teores foliares de N, entretanto não teve efeito nas dimensões, produtividade e qualidade de frutos de abacaxizeiro cv. Smooth Cayenne.

Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio e teores foliares deste nutriente e de clorofila em feijoeiro

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na região de Selvíria (MS) e teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses e épocas de aplicação de N sobre o teor de clorofila e de N nas folhas do feijoeiro, bem como estabelecer correlações com a produtividade. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, constituído pela combinação de três épocas de aplicação (15, 30 e 15 + 30 dias após a emergência) do fertilizante nitrogenado (uréia) em cobertura e em cinco doses (0; 35; 70; 105 e 140 kg ha-1 de N). Avaliaram-se os teores de clorofila e N das folhas no florescimento pleno e a produtividade. A concentração de clorofila correlacionou-se positivamente com o teor de N nas folhas e com a produtividade de grãos, e o medidor portátil de clorofila mostrou-se promissor para avaliar o estado nutricional do nitrogênio no feijoeiro.

Doses, fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em cultivares de arroz

As exigências das culturas pelo nitrogênio são diferenciadas, tanto no que se refere às quantidades, quanto à época de aplicação, sendo que este nutriente pode ser perdido por lixiviação, volatilização e erosão. Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta das cultivares de arroz BRSMG Curinga e IAC 202 à aplicação de doses, fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg de N ha-1), sob a forma de três fontes nitrogenadas (sulfonitrato de amônio com inibidor de nitrificação, sulfato de amônio e uréia), em duas épocas de aplicação (semeadura ou perfilhamento), cultivado com irrigação suplementar. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x3x2x2, com quatro repetições. A cultivar de arroz BRSMG Curinga apresentou a maior produtividade. As doses de N aumentaram o teor de N foliar, a altura de plantas, o número de panículas m-2, o número e a massa de espiguetas granadas panícula-1 e a produtividade de grãos, mas não influenciou a massa de 100 grãos. As fontes nitrogenadas e as épocas de aplicação tiveram efeito semelhante para todas as avaliações. A maior produtividade foi alcançada com a dose de 122 kg de N ha-1, independente da fonte utilizada.

Aplicação foliar e em cobertura de nitrogênio na cultura do trigo no cerrado

The nitrogen in wheat is essential for obtaining high yields, not only the dose but also the time and the way of application are critical, reducing potential leaching and the cost of production. The objective is evaluating leaf and sidedressing nitrogen application on wheat crop in years of 2006 and 2007. A randomized blocks design in a factorial scheme 5x3x2 was used. The treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen in the solution (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10%), three application times (at tillering: 30 days after plant emergency (DAE), at full flowering (50 DAE) + in the beginning of grain formation (70 DAE) and at tillering + in the beginning of grain formation), with and without sidedressing nitrogen applied at 40 DAE, using urea as source. They were evaluated: chlorophyll and nitrogen content in leaf, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, mass of grains per ear, number of grains per spikelet, mass hectolitric, mass of 100 grains and productivity of grains. The application of nitrogen topdressing in both years, influenced the yield characteristics of wheat. The times of leaf nitrogen only affected the leaf N content. The leaf nitrogen concentrations increased linearly the number of grains per spikelets, grains per spike, chlorophyll content, grain weight per ear and grain yield, and reduced mean weight per hectoliter, only in 2007.

CMS physics technical design report, volume II: Physics performance

CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007. The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking - through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start- up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb(-1) or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z' and supersymmetric particles, B-s production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb(-1) to 30 fb(-1). The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z(0) boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures. Furthermore, the discovery reach for a plethora of alternative models for new physics is explored, notably extra dimensions, new vector boson high mass states, little Higgs models, technicolour and others. Methods to discriminate between models have been investigated. This report is organized as follows. Chapter 1, the Introduction, describes the context of this document. Chapters 2-6 describe examples of full analyses, with photons, electrons, muons, jets, missing E-T, B-mesons and tau's, and for quarkonia in heavy ion collisions. Chapters 7-15 describe the physics reach for Standard Model processes, Higgs discovery and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão em conseqüência da aplicação foliar de manganês

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e épocas de aplicação de manganês, por via foliar, na produtividade e qualidade fisiológica de sementes do feijoeiro irrigado 'Pérola', cultivado em Neossolo Quatizarênico. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4x3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de quatro doses de Mn (0, 150, 300 e 600 g ha-1) aplicadas em três épocas: R5 (pré-florescimento), R6 (florescimento pleno) e divididas metade em R5 e metade em R6. Mesmo em solo com alto teor de Mn, a aplicação via foliar do nutriente aumentou o número de vagens por planta, a massa de 100 sementes e a produtividade de sementes do feijoeiro. Não houve diferença entre o fornecimento de Mn via foliar no pré-florescimento e no florescimento do feijoeiro. A germinação de sementes de feijão não foi afetada pelas aplicações de Mn via foliar em diferentes épocas e doses. O índice de velocidade de emergência diminuiu com a aplicação de Mn.

Effects of maturation and scarification on seed germination of Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) glass. (Arecaceae)

Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glass. belongs to the Arecaccae family. This palm is native of Brazil and presents great potential for use in gardens and cultivation in pot. Palms species, with relatively few exceptions, can only be propagated from seeds; even so, there are no reports in the literature about the germination of this palm seeds. The seed maturity is a factor that interferes in the success of the germination process. For some species, studies showed that palm seeds germinated better when the fruits were completely ripe (showing full color) and for other, when they were with green coloration. Several species of the Arecaccae family presents physical dormancy of seeds in varied degrees, demanding treatments for improve germination. The objective of this work was to study the effects of maturation and of the scarification on seed germination of S. schizophylla. The experimental design used was a factorial 3 x 2 (3 maturation stadiums: green, half-ripe - yellow and completely ripe - red; and mechanical scarification: with and without), entirely casualized, with four replications of 15 seeds per plot. The seeds (with 32,43% of humidity) were placed in plastic boxes with sand (60% of humidity, placing water according to weight in each three days), under controlled conditions of alternated temperature of 25-35 degrees C, photoperiod of 12 hours. The percentage of germination and the speed germination index (SGI) were evaluated until 79 days. It was observed that, so much for germination percentage as for SGI, there was not significant difference for the interaction among the two factors, maturation stadium and scarification, however, there were significant differences among the maturation stadiums and between seeds scarified or not. The seeds from green fruits presented lower germination percentage and slower germination when compared with seeds from yellow or red fruits; the seeds from yellow or red fruits didn't differ statistically to each other. To seeds scarificated, independently of the maturation stadium, presented germination percentage significantly larger and the germination was significantly faster when compared with the seeds without scarification.

Effects of hand weeding strip and nitrogen fertilizer on corn plants

The objective of the present research was to evaluate effects of different strip weed control associated with nitrogen fertilizer on corn applied after planting. The experiment was set and conducted in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and the hybrid planted was Dekalb 333-B. A completely randomized block design with four replications was used. Experimental plots were disposed as a factorial scheme 2 x 2 x 4, constituted by two types of weeding on row (with or without manual hoeing), two types of weeding on inter-row (with or without manual hoeing), and four nitrogen levels applied after planting (00, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1). Plots were composed by six rows with 5 m length. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 35 days after emergence (d.a.e). For weed community it was evaluated: weed density, dominancy, frequency, and relative importance. The main weed species were: Brachiaria plantiginea, Amaranthus retroflexus, Bidens pilosa, Cyperus rotunds, Brachiaria decumbens, Euphorbia heterofila, Oxalis latifolia, Acanthospermum hispidum, Commelina benghalensis. It was evaluated corn height at 40 and 100 d.a.e., first ear insertion height at 100 d.a.e., and final grain yield at harvesting. Plants and first ear insertion height were affected when nitrogen fertilizer was not applied. Treatments without weed control showed that weed interfered negatively with plants height. There were no correlation between weeds and nitrogen fertilizer for all parameters evaluated. Parcels without weed showed the highest ear weights and final grain production. Treatments that received nitrogen fertilizer, independently of studied arrangement, provided higher yields.

Discrepancies between abstracts presented at international association for dental research annual sessions from 2004 to 2005 and full-text publication

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discrepancies between abstracts presented at the IADR meeting (2004-2005) and their full-text publication. Material and Methods. Abstracts from the Prosthodontic Section of IADR meeting were obtained. The following information was collected: abstract title, number of authors, study design, statistical analysis, outcome, and funding source. PubMed was used to identify the full-text publication of the abstracts. The discrepancies between the abstract and the full-text publication were examined, categorized as major and minor discrepancies, and quantified. The data were collected and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Frequency and percentage of major and minor discrepancies were calculated. Results. A total of 109 (95.6%) articles showed changes from their abstracts. Seventy-four (65.0%) and 105 (92.0%) publications had at least one major and one minor discrepancies, respectively. Minor discrepancies were more prevalent (92.0%) than major discrepancies (65.0%). The most common minor discrepancy was observed in the title (80.7%), and most common major discrepancies were seen in results (48.2%). Conclusion. Minor discrepancies were more prevalent than major discrepancies. The data presented in this study may be useful to establish a more comprehensive structured abstract requirement for future meetings. © 2012 Soni Prasad et al.

Manejo de plantas daninhas e sua relação com a produtividade e potencial fisiológico de sementes de feijoeiro

Common bean is an important crop in Brazil primarily because of its nutritional characteristics. Some agronomic practices, such as weed management, are fundamental to cultivation, as a means of obtaining a high crop yield. However, some studies have shown that weed management may alter the function of the cultivar cycle. Thus, this study aimed at determining the optimal phenological stage in early-maturing common bean cultivars to perform the weed control without providing reductions in yield and seed quality. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 20 treatments and four replications, in a 2×2×5 (cultivars × types of weed control × periods of weed control) factorial scheme. The periods of weed control for both cultivars (Carioca Precoce and IPR-Colibri) consisted of full cycle weeded (control), weed control at the V4-3 stage (first three nodes on the main stem with trifoliate leaves), at the R5 stage (beginning of bloom) and at the R8 stage (appearance of pods) and full cycle unweeded (no weed control). The types of weed control used were chemical (fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen) and mechanical (hoe). The Carioca Precoce cultivar demonstrated higher agronomic performance and yield than the IPR-Colibri cultivar, although the IPR-Colibri seeds had a higher vigor. The type of weed control (chemical or mechanical) did not affect the agronomic characteristics, yield and seed physiological potential of the cultivars. The ideal period for weed control in early-maturing common bean cultivars to obtain a higher yield and seed physiological potential was observed at the V4-3 phenological stage.

Comparison of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible - A computed tomography-based three-dimensional finite element analysis

A finite element analysis was used to compare the effect of different designs of implant-retained overdentures and fixed full-arch implant-supported prosthesis on stress distribution in edentulous mandible. Four models of an human mandible were constructed. In the OR (O'ring) group, the mandible was restored with an overdenture retained by four unsplinted implants with O'ring attachment; in the BC (bar-clip) -C and BC groups, the mandibles were restored with overdentures retained by four splinted implants with bar-clip anchor associated or not with two distally placed cantilevers, respectively; in the FD (fixed denture) group, the mandible was restored with a fixed full-arch four-implant-supported prosthesis. Models were supported by the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints. A 100-N oblique load was applied on the left first molar. Von Mises (σvM), maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stresses (in MPa) analyses were obtained. BC-C group exhibited the highest stress values (σvM=398.8, σmax=580.5 and σmin=-455.2) while FD group showed the lowest one (σvM=128.9, σmax=185.9 and σmin=-172.1). Within overdenture groups, the use of unsplinted implants reduced the stress level in the implant/prosthetic components (59.4% for σvM, 66.2% for σmax and 57.7% for σmin versus BC-C group) and supporting tissues (maximum stress reduction of 72% and 79.5% for σmax, and 15.7% and 85.7% for σmin on the cortical and trabecular bones, respectively). Cortical bone exhibited greater stress concentration than the trabecular bone for all groups. The use of fixed implant dentures and removable dentures retained by unsplinted implants to rehabilitate edentulous mandible reduced the stresses in the periimplant bone tissue, mucosa and implant/prosthetic components. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Evaluation of ornamental grasses submitted to water stress

The work was carried out at the College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP/FCAV), Campus of Jaboticabal, Brazil, aiming to study the tolerance response to water stress and capacity of regeneration after mowing three different ornamental grasses used in Brazilian landscaping: Imperial zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica 'Imperial'), zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). The experimental design was entirely randomized in a factorial scheme 33 (three grass species: Zoysia japonica 'Imperial', Zoysia japonica and Stenotaphrum secundatum; in three water stress conditions: under full sun, with and without irrigation, and under greenhouse conditions without irrigation) with four replications per plot. The irrigation was performed using microsprinklers with a flow of 0.28 L s-1, and the grasses of all plots were mowed monthly. The evaluations were executed monthly, before mowing the grass, in the beginning of each season, that means, in October (for Spring evaluation), January (for Summer), April (for Autumn) and July (for Winter), considering the Brazilian climate conditions. The evaluated parameters were shoot height and total dry mass. The data were submitted to the variance analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% confidence level. The grasses grown under greenhouse conditions, without irrigation, showed higher height and lower dry mass weight averages, what possibly indicates that the plants etiolated. The grasses grown under full sun, either with or without irrigation, showed a similar plant development. The S. secundatum species showed greater tolerance to water stress in October, month that followed the longest dry period. The total dry mass was gradually reduced during the experiment for all grasses grown under greenhouse conditions without irrigation; however, a great general tolerance to water stress was observed for all grasses because all of them survived along nine months without irrigation.

Produção e qualidade em gérbera de vaso cultivada com cloreto e silicato de potássio

The Gerbera is an ornamental perennial herb, belonging to the Asteraceae family. Its cultivation, as well as the entire market for flowers and ornamental plants, is now in full expansion phase. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and quality Potted gerbera cultivar Red, according to sources and doses of potassium. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at UNESP/Botucatu. The experimental design was randomized blocks, using a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two sources (potassium silicate and chloride) and five doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg. L-1) 4 replications and 5 plants per plot. Weekly throughout the experimental period, assessments were made of the number of leaves (NL) and the diameter of the plant canopy (DP). at the end of the season and the reproductive cycle, at 42 and 60 days after acclimatization (DAA), respectively, were determined by leaf area (LA), mass (dry leaves (MSF), the dry mass of inflorescence (MSI) and total dry matter (TDM). at the point of marketing is that of open stamens, when the inflorescence had at least two rounds of open, releasing pollen, we determined the number of inflorescences (NI), the diameter of inflorescence (DI), the stem height (AH), the shank diameter (DH) and plant height (PH). Regardless of the doses, potassium silicate promoted greater diameter, leaf area, greater MSF, MST and increased stem height, characteristics that favor the sale of potted gerbera.

Propagação e desenvolvimento inicial defícus adhatodifolia Schott ex Spreng. (Moraceae) em diferentes temperaturas, intensidades luminosas e substratos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA