Staphylococcus aureus: resistência de virulência e tipagem de MRSA pelas técnicas de MLST e spa typing

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Território, política e infraestruturas: a influência do governo federal na política urbana dos municípios brasileiros

The evolution of Brazilian federalism (result of the influence and power of oligarchic elites, the different constitutional texts made and policies designed to collect taxes) shows one of the forms of how the Brazilian government uses the territory to effect the exercise of power. In the country, this use takes place by the imposition of rules that regulate and create tension among the entities, and mechanisms of distribution and redistribution of resources among federal agencies acquire great importance because they allow a bigger or lesser autonomy in public administration. The text aims to analyze the voluntary transfers of resources from the Federal Government to the municipalities. These Covenants act as a mechanism that can be configured in promoter of new selectivity and hierarchies between places. With the aim to understand the materialization of public resources in the territory, our analysis intends to identify how the Brazilian government makes use of constitutional mechanisms to enlarge and improve the urban infrastructure in the municipal scale.

Gross Motor Deficits in Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol: A Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gross motor (GM) deficits are often reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), but their prevalence and the domains affected are not clear. The objective of this review was to characterize GM impairment in children with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or moderate to heavy maternal alcohol intake.METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Medline, Embase, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Published observational studies including children aged 0 to <= 18 years with (1) an FASD diagnosis or moderate to heavy PAE, or a mother with confirmed alcohol dependency or binge drinking during pregnancy, and (2) GM outcomes obtained by using a standardized assessment tool. Data were extracted regarding participants, exposure, diagnosis, and outcomes by using a standardized protocol. Methodological quality was evaluated by using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.RESULTS: The search recovered 2881 articles of which 14 met the systematic review inclusion criteria. The subjects' mean age ranged from 3 days to 13 years. Study limitations included failure to report cutoffs for impairment, nonstandardized reporting of PAE, and small sample sizes. The meta-analysis pooled results (n = 10) revealed a significant association between a diagnosis of FASD or moderate to heavy PAE and GM impairment (odds ratio: 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 2.1-4.0). GM deficits were found in balance, coordination, and ball skills. There was insufficient data to determine prevalence.CONCLUSIONS: The significant results suggest evaluation of GM proficiency should be a standard component of multidisciplinary FASD diagnostic services.

Capacidade funcional, declínio cognitivo e depressão em idosos institucionalizados: possibilidade de relações e correlações

This research was aimed to survey depressive episodes, functional and cognitive decline of an elderly population residing nursing homes (NH) located at Marília, São Paulo, Brazil, and, from statistical analysis, verify the potential correlations between depressive episodes, functional and cognitive decline, amongst themselves and with the variables: age, gender and education. There were subject to the research 57 elders living in the NH, aged between 59 and 98 and both sexes. The following tools were used to collect data: Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive faculty, Barthel Index (BI) to evaluate cognitive faculty and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

O trabalho como estratégia de atenção em saúde mental: cartografias do conceito Trabalho nas políticas públicas de saúde

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Retrospective study of 32 encephalic tumors diagnosed by advanced - image magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography

The incidence of encephalic tumors in dogs and cats has increased in recent years due to the constant advancement of methods of specialist Diagnostic Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT), used in small animals. These tools, which were distant in the past, are now becoming increasingly important as an additional aid to the identification of tumor processes in the Central Nervous System. The objective, of the present study, was describe imaging findings obtained in 32 cases of encephalic tumors, through techniques of CT and MR imaging procedures during the years 2004 to 2011. Were diagnosed 19/32 by MRI and 13/32 by CT, being the most affected breed Boxer (9/32), the mean age was 10 years.

Mal me quer, bem me quer: uma análise dos cuidados dispensados ao idoso asilar

This article aims to portray a survey in order to see whether the established in the Practical Guide Caregiver program (Ministry of Health, established in 2008 to improve the care for the elderly), are also affecting the nursing homes of smaller towns, with reference to a city in São Paulo State, with approximately 100,000 inhabitants located in western Sao Paulo State.

Bem-me-quer, malmequer: uma análise dos cuidados dispensados ao idoso asilar

This article aims to portray a survey in order to see whether the established in the Practical Guide Caregiver program (Ministry of Health, established in 2008 to improve the care for the elderly), are also affecting the nursing homes of smaller towns, with reference to a city in São Paulo State, with approximately 100,000 inhabitants located in western Sao Paulo State.

A configuração de forças na constituição histórica do trabalho como estratégia de cuidado em saúde mental: problematizações foucaultianas

Investigated in this paper, as contributions to Foucault's genealogy of knowledge, the historical constitution of the joint activities between Work and Care in Mental Health (called Therapeutic Workshops, among other names) in their different purposes and dimensions that contributed to the production care of patients with psychological distress at different times. History is here understood as a multiplicity (and nonlinearity) of time series and various blending and shuffleforming speeches as truths. In conjunction we have discussed, we conclude that the work as a therapeutic modality in nursing homes, there emerged in the world of psychiatry, but of capitalism. Associated with measures of occupation "empty minds" of misfits, later earned the position of an instrument of discipline and social regulation. With the Psychiatric Reform, activities Work in Mental Health have been re-invented as spaces enablers of access to citizenship and contractuality social network users.

THE ANALYSIS OF ACTIVITIES NOT PERFORMED BY THE NURSING TEAM REGARDING THE DIAGNOSIS OF INEFFECTIVE BREATHING PATTERN IN THE ELDERLY

The objective of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to identify the activities of the Nursing Intervention Classification considered as priorities for an Ineffective Breathing Pattern and not performed for elderly inpatients of a teaching hospital in the state of Goias. The study participants were 43 nursing professionals, and data collection was performed in the period spanning October to December 2008, after receiving approval from the Ethics Committee. It was observed that among the 67 activities considered to be priorities for the referred diagnosis, only seven were performed by all of the participants; the other activities, with a varied frequency, were not performed, with the main reason cited being that a professional from a different area completed the activity. It is understood that the fact that the nursing staff does not perform these activities can cause lack of complete coverage in nursing care; therefore there is a need for a legal apparatus to describe the activities that comprise professional practice exclusive to nursing personnel and those activities that have an interdisciplinary nature.

Post-operative mediastinitis in a Heart Hospital of Recife: contributions for nursing care

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of post-operative mediastinitis with the purpose to contribute to nursing care knowledge. To do this, an analysis was performed on 896 medical records of patients who underwent heart surgery involving sternotomy at the Cardiology Emergency Room of Recife-PE, in the period between June 2007 and June 2009. The following variables were considered: gender, age, type of surgery, personal history, length of stay, use of antibiotics, and culture of the surgical wound. A high death rate from mediastinitis was observed (33.3%). Several risk factors were identified, including: systemic arterial hypertension (80.9%); smoking (61.9%); diabetes mellitus (42.8%); and obesity (33.3%), most of which (76.2%) were identified in patients who underwent surgery for myocardial revascularization. It is concluded that mediastinitis is a serious infection that needs continuous nursing supervision and preventive measures to assure an early diagnosis and, thus, reduce mortality.

Proinflammatory profile of in vitro monocytes in the ageing is affected by lymphocytes presence

Background: Aging is associated with complex and constant remodeling of the immune function, resulting in an increasing susceptibility to infection and others diseases. The infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, present in nursing homes and hospitals, constitute one of the most common infections in the elderly, and are mainly combated by innate immune cells. Although the functions of innate immunity seem more preserved during aging than of adaptive immune mechanisms, two systems operate in an integrated way in the body, so that injury in one part of the immune system inevitably affects the other as they are part of a defensive network. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro production of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, CXCL-8 and MCP-1) and antiinflammatory (TGF-α and IL-10) cytokines by monocytes, stimulated or not (basal) with lipopolysaccharide, from healthy young and elderly subjects. By means of PBMCs, we also studied if cytokine profile is altered in these different patient groups, in the presence of lymphocytes, under the same experimental conditions. Results: The monocytes from elderly presented higher basal production of TNF-α, MCP-1 and lower of TGF-α than young monocytes. PBMC showed similar cytokines production, irrespective age or stimulation presence. In the presence of lymphocytes, the spontaneous production of IL-10 was higher and of TGF-α was lower than monocytes, regardless of age. After LPS-stimulation, the presence of lymphocytes resulted in increased IL-6, IL-1α, MCP-1 and IL-10 and decreased CXCL-8 and TGF-α in comparison to pure culture of monocytes from young patients. With age, the same differences were observed, except for CXCL-8 and TGF-α which production was the same between monocytes and PBMC stimulated with LPS.