Microbiota contaminante em bebidas lácteas fermentadas comerciais

Lately, the acceptability of fermented dairy beverages has been increased, due to the nutritional benefits, the practical consumption and the low cost of product for the manufacturers, and consequently for final market price to the consumers. During the manufacturing process, these products can be susceptible to microbiological contamination. The present study investigated the contaminant microbiota in fermented dairy beverages produced by small- and medium-sized companies, by means of analyses on moulds and yeasts counting, determination of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total and thermo tolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. detection, and determination of pH value. In spite of the absence of Salmonella spp., a high counts of yeasts and moulds were found, and E. coli was detected in five samples (16.67 %); and the sample were classified as “products in poor sanitary conditions”, because they showed thermo-tolerant coliforms counting higher than the standard established by the legislation in force. Therefore, quality programs such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) should be employed to prevent any contamination risk, in order to provide safe products to consumers.

Avaliação da influência da agitação no tratamento anaeróbio por leito fixo de manipueira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade microbiológica de bebidas lácteas fermentadas, com adição de polpas de frutas, comercializadas na região de São José do Rio Preto, SP.

As bebidas lácteas fermentadas são produtos formulados contendo iogurte, soro de leite, polpa de frutas, além de outras matérias-primas e aditivos permitidos. O produto final deve apresentar os micro-organismos de forma viável e abundante. Sua popularidade vem aumentando significativamente, principalmente devido aos seus benefícios nutricionais, ao menor custo do produto para o fabricante, à redução do preço final para o consumidor e por apresentar baixa viscosidade, sendo consumida como bebida suave e refrescante. Apesar do processo de fabricação ser considerado simples, utilizando-se principalmente os equipamentos disponíveis nas indústrias lácteas, estes produtos podem estar sujeitos à contaminação microbiana, quando não atendidas as condições elementares de higiene e sanidade. Tal contaminação pode ser representada por leveduras, coliformes totais, termotolerantes e bolores. Considerando os aspectos mencionados, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de bebidas lácteas fermentadas, com adição de polpas de frutas, comercializadas na região de São José do Rio Preto û SP, por meio das seguintes análises microbiológicas: contagem de bolores e leveduras, determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes totais, temotolerantes e pesquisa de Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp. Foi ainda efetuada a determinação do pH eletrométrico. Após a obtenção dos resultados verificou-se que 20% das amostras analisadas não atenderam ao padrão microbiológico estabelecido na legislação vigente, para coliforme termotolerentes, evidenciando positividade na pesquisa de Escherichia coli, sendo por este motivo, considerados como produtos em condições sanitárias insatisfatórias, portanto, produtos impróprios para o consumo humano.(AU)

Estudo da superfície de fibras de carbono após tratamento de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma (3IP)

In this work, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatments of carbon fibers (CFs) were performed in order to induce modifications of chemical and physical properties of the CF surface aimed to improve the performance of thermoplastic composite. The samples to be treated were immersed in nitrogen or air glow discharge plasma and pulsed at −3.0 kV for 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 min. After PIII processing, the specimens were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After CFs treatments, the CF/Polypropylene (PP) composites were produced by hot pressing method. Surface morphology of as-received CFs exhibited some scratches aligned along the fibers due to the fiber manufacturing process. After both treatments, these features became deeper, and also, a number of small particles nonuniformly distributed on the fiber surface can be observed. These particles are product of CF surface sputtering during the PIII treatment, which removes the epoxy layer that covers as-received samples. AFM analyses of CF samples treated with nitrogen depicted a large increase of the surface roughness (Rrms value approximately six times higher than that of the untreated sample). The increase of the roughness was also observed for samples treated by air PIII. Raman spectra of all samples presented the characteristic D- and G-bands at approximately 1355 and 1582 cm−1, respectively. Analysis of the surface chemical composition provided by the XPS showed that nitrogen and oxygen were incorporated onto the surface. The polar radicals formed on the surface lead to increasing of the CF surface energy. Both the modification of surface roughness and the surface oxidation contributed for the enhancement of CF adhesion to the polymeric matrix. These features were confirmed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Desenvolvimento do PFMEA para uma linha de montagem de motores

In modern days is not practicable to link productivity and profitability without discuss the manufactured products quality. It is of great importance, mainly if the company is looking for a Global Class title, both the product and the process in what it is been fabricated, to attend all the high level quality requirements. This work aims to define the necessary steps for implementing a new project, including the initial viability studies, and then the staff approval, passing through the development of tools and documents necessary to its fabrication, purchasing goods and services to build the installation, and the final stage of implementation, focused on the manufacturing process quality. It will be highlighted a quality tool that helps do decrease the process risks and thereafter increase its reliability after the implementation

Projeto de um Multiplicador Divisor Anal´ogico em tecnologia CMOS para uso em controlador fuzzy tipo-2 intervalar

The main objective of the presented study is the design of a analog multiplier-divider as integrant part of the type-reducer circuit of type-2 fuzzy controller chip. The proposed circuit is a multiplier/divider which operates in current mode, in the CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.The circuit simulation was performed in PSPICE software with simulation model provided by AMS (Austria Mikro Systems International) in CMOS technology 0.35μm

Comparação dos efeitos de compressão isostática e compressão uniaxial na obtenção da liga NiTi por metalurgia do pó

Several alloys present the shape memory effect and among them, the equiatomic NiTi alloy, nitinol, is the most important one. It is usually used in several engineering applications and also in biomedical devices, in the fabrication of orthodontic wire, stents and Judet staples. Although a considerable amount of these biomedical devices is utilized in Brazil and a fraction of it is already made here, all nitinol used is bought abroad. Thus, it is important to develop the necessary know-how to fabricate NiTi wire and sheet. It would mean less importation with job creation and wealth generation for the country. In this work nitinol was obtained powder metallurgy from elemental powders of Ti and Ni using uniaxial compression and uniaxial compression followed by isostatic compression. The final densities achieved were determined by the Archimedes method. The precipitation of intermetallic secondary phases was studied and the samples were characterized by metallographic analysis, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that 50 hours sintering route showed a low amount of intermetallics, and no trace of unreacted powder. XRD and metallography at room temperature indicated B19’ as the predominant phase, which corresponds to martensite. Although density results showed little dispersion, the most dense sample was compacted under uniaxial compression and presented 4.8 g/cm3, corresponding to 20.84% porosity. Density variation was considered normal to the measurement process and independent of the compaction mode

Estudo de tempos e temperaturas de sinterização na obtenção da liga NiTi por metalurgia do pó

The nickel-titanium alloys are very attractive and so it is widely used in industry, engineering applications in general and also in biomedical and dental applications. Besides showing the shape of memory effect, biocompatibility and superelastic, the alloy commercially known as Nitinol, has excellent mechanical properties. Most devices used in Brazil have been produced nationally, but using imported material is also necessary, which shows the need of produce the alloy nationally. In this study we have investigated the influence of sintering temperatures and times to obtain nickel-titanium alloys by powder metallurgy alloys and the characterization of the precipitated intermetallic phases by using the post-mix of elemental nickel and titanium in proportion of 49.5% Ti - 50.5% Ni. The samples were sintered at 930ºC for periods of 30, 40 and 50 hours and were characterized by optical microscopy using metallography and x-ray diffraction. The results of the study show that the 50 hours sintering time was the most suitable time for obtaining the alloy, observing a low volume of precipitated intermetallic phases and absence of Ni and Ti residuals

Modelagem do resfriamento para a zona termicamente afetada pela soldagem de tubos de aço carbono

Because the high consumption of welded pipe for exploration and conduction oil and gas, optimization of manufacturing processes is necessary to obtain better productivity, efficiency and cost reduction. The objective of this study is to analyze the forms of heat transfer during the welding of pipes using longitudinal submerged arc process them to propose a model for the temperature distribution in the welded region. For this analysis are addressed as the heat transfer modes operate in the specified welding process and the necessary considerations for the mathematical model were obtained. The calculations were performed and the simulations needed to obtain the temperature distribution in the tube were carried out. Therefore, the practice was satisfactory and the results showed a range of temperatures along the pipe for a particular model and the future suggestions for improvement of this work

Decisão making or buying: uma aplicação em células de manufatura de uma indústria de produção mecânica

In order to maintain the competitiveness the companies seek for cost reduction and resource optimization. A product or service price is calculated considering direct and indirect costs involved in its fabrication, which means that if an intern indirect process is optimized, the final price of the product is also reduced and becomes more interesting to the final costumer. Considering this reasoning, the companies must evaluate each of their processes and optimize them. It is common to outsource intern products manufacturing as a cost reduction strategy, nevertheless when there are already resources and capability to produce the own goods, it becomes necessary to evaluate the economic gain that each strategy - make or buy - generates. This paper aims to evaluate the necessary support to take a decision regarding making or buying in a production cell of hoses based in the value of economic cost, system cost and decision process

Estudo do desempenho de filmes de Ti02 como aceptor de elétrons e obtenção de fases puras de nanopartículas de Ti02: anatase e rutila, sintetizado por uma nova rota química

Pós-graduação em Ciência dos Materiais - FEIS

Usinabilidade e integridade superficial de implantes dentários

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Obtenção de rochas sintéticas a partir de resíduos de vidro comercial e pó de granito

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Nanotecnologia: ciência e engenharia

Pós-graduação em Física - FC

Análise comparativa de genes das caseínas de búfalo

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV