Unesp Ciência, 2016, ano 7, número 71

Revista elaborada pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Unesp Ciência, 2016, ano 7, número 72

Revista elaborada pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Unesp Ciência, 2016, ano 7, número 73

Revista elaborada pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Unesp Ciência, 2016, ano 7, número 74

Revista elaborada pela Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa da Reitoria da UNESP

Diversidade de abelhas nativas em gradientes de cobertura e heterogeneidade da paisagem

Cerca de 90% das plantas com flores e 35% das culturas agrícolas são dependentes de animais para polinização, e as abelhas são os principais agentes polinizadores de uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas de ambientes naturais e agrícolas. Assim, as abelhas não só são imprescindíveis para a manutenção e conservação de comunidades de plantas em sistemas naturais, como também na atuação direta e significativa na produtividade agrícola. Atualmente, as populações de abelhas estão em declínio no mundo todo, em decorrência, principalmente, do crescente desmatamento e consequente perda de habitas adequados, além de outras ações antrópicas que modificam os seus nichos. Tendo em vista que muitos estudos, realizados principalmente em regiões temperadas, têm demonstrado que a paisagem do entorno dos cultivos agrícolas influencia a diversidade e abundância de polinizadores, avaliações sobre o efeito do contexto da paisagem na fauna de abelhas se tornam fundamentais. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar os fatores que influenciam a riqueza e a abundância/diversidade de abelhas nativas em áreas agrícolas inseridas em um gradiente de quantidade de habitat e níveis de heterogeneidade da paisagem. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Guapiara, SP, região predominantemente agrícola, com fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no entorno das propriedades rurais. Para amostrar a distribuição e a diversidade das abelhas foram usadas armadilhas do tipo pan trap (nas cores amarelo, azul e branco). Em cada ponto amostral foram instaladas cinco estações (cada estação composta por um pan traps de cada cor) de 1,5m de altura, cuja distribuição espacial dentro das propriedades de estudo tem formato de X e distantes uma das outras 5m. As amostragens foram de 30h/coleta em cada ponto amostral (n=17, cada um com raio de 1000m), realizadas em uma única época do ano (primavera/verão, quente e chuvoso)...

O Ensino de Geometria por meio de atividades investigativas: uma experiência com alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio

This qualitative nature of work was developed with the participation of a group of students enrolled in the first year of high school from a public school of the state of São Paulo, in the city of Taubaté. Their goal was to determine how students deal with geometry tasks in investigative classes. To guide this research was drawn up the following question: As students of the first year of high school express their knowledge of building triangles and quads in classes of investigative activities?. The choice of investigative nature of this activity occurred by enhancing student participation and thus generate a greater chance of it not be guided only by what the teacher wants, but by his own curiosity and using their own tools for this. In the data analysis process stands out the interest generated in students for this type of activity and posture maintained throughout the work, mobilizing their expertise to answer the questions posed

Procedimentos do ensino da leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental: concepções, estratégias e resultados

The theme of the reading in the first year of the literacy cycle has become recurrent in academic papers, research groups, discussion forums, conferences etc. and raised different positions depending on the theoretical framework with which it is studied. While it is granted that reading instruction this school year is to ensure the ability to encode and decode and learn and understand the meanings and the meanings of what we read. In this work, it formed a general objective to investigate how reading skills are being developed in the classroom and the strategies used to develop decoding and understanding of meanings. The question that formed the north to the survey was as follows: The strategies and procedures being used in the teaching of reading in the early literacy process develop the coding and decoding skills beyond the grasp and understanding of the meanings of ideas? The specific objectives were established: a) investigate how is the teaching of reading in the first grade of elementary school; b) identify the teaching strategies and the design of reading and reader that the teacher of the class has observed and relate it to the way he teaches; c) verify that the teaching of reading in the first year of the literacy process, develop the early reading skills, decoding, and favors the development of the apprehension and understanding of the meanings of what we read. The methodology included field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and had as direct data source the natural environment in which the teaching of reading has been developed. The work then displays data results analyzed in the light of literacy concepts distinguished by Soares (2011), and reading by Silva (1983), Foucambert (1994), Solé (1998), among others. The results were extracted inferences and interpretations. It is hoped that this work raises in literacy teachers, reflections on the teaching of reading in the literacy cicle, in order to establish the...

O ensino da escrita no último ano da Educação Infantil: práticas convertidas ao traçado das letras excludentes à noção de símbolo

The theme of the writing learning in childhood education has conquered space in academic works, which occupy in analyze and understand how this process in contexts of meaning and not more before the mechanics of learning letters. Thus, in this work, it constitutes general objective to investigate whether and how the practice of teaching of oral and written expression in the last year of child education promotes the development of the symbol (sign) in children, so necessary to the learning of writing from inside to outside. The questions that served as the North for the study were the following: the teaching of writing, in the last year of child education, is organized to promote the development of the symbol (sign) in children? Which and how the ratings graphics made by children demarcate the stage of development of their writing? For its implementation, a bibliographic research was performed, using as a theoretical support for the prospect of Psychology socio-historical, especially authors as Vygotsky (1984), Luria (2001), Oliveira (1995) and Mello (2005). In addition to this was performed the empirical research of qualitative approach, according to his purpose. The data were collected by six instruments: systematic observation and direct in the classroom; audio-recording; records in a field diary, annual teaching plan of the school; lesson plan weekly and material produced by children, result of write activities. By means of the analysis of these data, we note that the writing has been worked from outside to inside, as an imposition, practice that opposes the theory of Vygotsky, already that the writing has been tackled in a way mechanical, in contexts not significant, with focused practices to the trace of the letters and copy of words, exclusive to the notion of symbol. This result points to the emergence of changes in education of writing in childhood education, without which becomes inglorious the search for a pedagogy of writing aware and...

Enriquecimento de amido de biomassa produzida em lagoa de lemna utilizando a espécie Landoltia punctata

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Diversidade de abelhas nativas em gradientes de cobertura e heterogeneidade da paisagem

Cerca de 90% das plantas com flores e 35% das culturas agrícolas são dependentes de animais para polinização, e as abelhas são os principais agentes polinizadores de uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas de ambientes naturais e agrícolas. Assim, as abelhas não só são imprescindíveis para a manutenção e conservação de comunidades de plantas em sistemas naturais, como também na atuação direta e significativa na produtividade agrícola. Atualmente, as populações de abelhas estão em declínio no mundo todo, em decorrência, principalmente, do crescente desmatamento e consequente perda de habitas adequados, além de outras ações antrópicas que modificam os seus nichos. Tendo em vista que muitos estudos, realizados principalmente em regiões temperadas, têm demonstrado que a paisagem do entorno dos cultivos agrícolas influencia a diversidade e abundância de polinizadores, avaliações sobre o efeito do contexto da paisagem na fauna de abelhas se tornam fundamentais. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral identificar os fatores que influenciam a riqueza e a abundância/diversidade de abelhas nativas em áreas agrícolas inseridas em um gradiente de quantidade de habitat e níveis de heterogeneidade da paisagem. O estudo foi conduzido no município de Guapiara, SP, região predominantemente agrícola, com fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica no entorno das propriedades rurais. Para amostrar a distribuição e a diversidade das abelhas foram usadas armadilhas do tipo pan trap (nas cores amarelo, azul e branco). Em cada ponto amostral foram instaladas cinco estações (cada estação composta por um pan traps de cada cor) de 1,5m de altura, cuja distribuição espacial dentro das propriedades de estudo tem formato de X e distantes uma das outras 5m. As amostragens foram de 30h/coleta em cada ponto amostral (n=17, cada um com raio de 1000m), realizadas em uma única época do ano (primavera/verão, quente e chuvoso)...

O Ensino de Geometria por meio de atividades investigativas: uma experiência com alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio

This qualitative nature of work was developed with the participation of a group of students enrolled in the first year of high school from a public school of the state of São Paulo, in the city of Taubaté. Their goal was to determine how students deal with geometry tasks in investigative classes. To guide this research was drawn up the following question: As students of the first year of high school express their knowledge of building triangles and quads in classes of investigative activities?. The choice of investigative nature of this activity occurred by enhancing student participation and thus generate a greater chance of it not be guided only by what the teacher wants, but by his own curiosity and using their own tools for this. In the data analysis process stands out the interest generated in students for this type of activity and posture maintained throughout the work, mobilizing their expertise to answer the questions posed

Procedimentos do ensino da leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental: concepções, estratégias e resultados

The theme of the reading in the first year of the literacy cycle has become recurrent in academic papers, research groups, discussion forums, conferences etc. and raised different positions depending on the theoretical framework with which it is studied. While it is granted that reading instruction this school year is to ensure the ability to encode and decode and learn and understand the meanings and the meanings of what we read. In this work, it formed a general objective to investigate how reading skills are being developed in the classroom and the strategies used to develop decoding and understanding of meanings. The question that formed the north to the survey was as follows: The strategies and procedures being used in the teaching of reading in the early literacy process develop the coding and decoding skills beyond the grasp and understanding of the meanings of ideas? The specific objectives were established: a) investigate how is the teaching of reading in the first grade of elementary school; b) identify the teaching strategies and the design of reading and reader that the teacher of the class has observed and relate it to the way he teaches; c) verify that the teaching of reading in the first year of the literacy process, develop the early reading skills, decoding, and favors the development of the apprehension and understanding of the meanings of what we read. The methodology included field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and had as direct data source the natural environment in which the teaching of reading has been developed. The work then displays data results analyzed in the light of literacy concepts distinguished by Soares (2011), and reading by Silva (1983), Foucambert (1994), Solé (1998), among others. The results were extracted inferences and interpretations. It is hoped that this work raises in literacy teachers, reflections on the teaching of reading in the literacy cicle, in order to establish the...

O ensino da escrita no último ano da Educação Infantil: práticas convertidas ao traçado das letras excludentes à noção de símbolo

The theme of the writing learning in childhood education has conquered space in academic works, which occupy in analyze and understand how this process in contexts of meaning and not more before the mechanics of learning letters. Thus, in this work, it constitutes general objective to investigate whether and how the practice of teaching of oral and written expression in the last year of child education promotes the development of the symbol (sign) in children, so necessary to the learning of writing from inside to outside. The questions that served as the North for the study were the following: the teaching of writing, in the last year of child education, is organized to promote the development of the symbol (sign) in children? Which and how the ratings graphics made by children demarcate the stage of development of their writing? For its implementation, a bibliographic research was performed, using as a theoretical support for the prospect of Psychology socio-historical, especially authors as Vygotsky (1984), Luria (2001), Oliveira (1995) and Mello (2005). In addition to this was performed the empirical research of qualitative approach, according to his purpose. The data were collected by six instruments: systematic observation and direct in the classroom; audio-recording; records in a field diary, annual teaching plan of the school; lesson plan weekly and material produced by children, result of write activities. By means of the analysis of these data, we note that the writing has been worked from outside to inside, as an imposition, practice that opposes the theory of Vygotsky, already that the writing has been tackled in a way mechanical, in contexts not significant, with focused practices to the trace of the letters and copy of words, exclusive to the notion of symbol. This result points to the emergence of changes in education of writing in childhood education, without which becomes inglorious the search for a pedagogy of writing aware and...

Enriquecimento de amido de biomassa produzida em lagoa de lemna utilizando a espécie Landoltia punctata

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seasonal dynamics of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic reservoir (Arcoverde) in a semi-arid region of Brazil

Environmental conditions favor the predominance of dense populations of cyanobacteria in reservoirs in northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to understand cyanobacterial population dynamics in the rainy and dry seasons at two depths in the Arcoverde reservoir. Microalgae and cyanobacteria samples were collected during 24 hours with intervals of 4 hours (nycthemeral) at sub-surface and 10 m using a van Dorn bottle and a determined biomass. Physical and chemical variables were obtained and the data were analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA). No nycthemeral variations in the taxonomic composition or distribution of the populations of cyanobacteria were found between the different times of day in either the rainy or dry season. In both seasons, the greatest biomass of the phytoplankton community was made up of cyanobacteria at two depths and all times of the day. Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju was dominant at all times of the day on both the surface and at the bottom. In the rainy season, the differences in cyanobacterial biomass between the surface and bottom were less significant than in the dry season. The differences in cyanobacterial biomass between surface and bottom were less pronounced than those found in the dry season. We concluded that a) physical variables better explain the alterations of species in the phytoplankton community in an environment dominated by cyanobacteria throughout the year; b) seasonal climatic factors associated to periods of stratification and de-stratification are important for alterations in the community and variations in biomass and, c) the turbidity caused by rainfall favored the emergence and establishment of other cyanobacteria, especially Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komarek.