Dinâmica de expansão urbana de Ceará-Mirim-RN: aspectos locais e metropolitanos?

This study aims to understand the growth dynamics of Ceará-Mirim city considering the aspects that define its current urban sprawl. We chose to use as methodological approach the concept of space as a product and producer of social relations and the same constitutes by objects and actions that relate in a dialectical process over time. As a research tool, it took place bibliographical study that features the historical aspects of use and occupation, in order to evidence the regional ground agents that explain its current urban setting. Then, it was collected a secondary data of economic analysis activities from municipality and their impact on local social structure. Between these aspects, the sugar economy, even in decline, had appeared as defining the boundaries of urban growth. At the regional scale, other factors were discussed in a way of urban influence processes forming the Greater Natal (RMNatal), and Ceará-Mirim appears integrating into this scale in a very low level according to Metropolis Observatory (2012). However, we have pointed out that in recent years, especially in growth vector of BR 406, settled metropolitan scope equipment. These objects have been associating in a real estate sector's reasoning while the possible "metropolization" have been promoting as investments in the city's expansion area.

A ribeira da discórdia: terras, homens e relações de poder na territorialização do Assu colonial (1680-1720)

The internalization process of the Portuguese possession in Northern Captaincies - after the Dutch eviction and the development of activities related to livestock in the backlands (Sertão) – expanded the Portuguese territory in America. This process resulted in the advancement of Portuguese conquest over the region and conflicts involving agents of colonization and indigenous groups who inhabited that space, as well as conflicts of interest of captaincy’s major social groups and the defense policies of the Portuguese territory possession. Among the rivers which run through Rio Grande captaincy’s territory, the Açu was the one that aroused conquerors and colonizers of the back lands interest, making that spatiality an area where interest and power exercises converged and generated discord. This research aims to analyze the territorial process of Assu backlands, from the pioneers, conquerors and colonizers action over the space studied, during the event known as the War of the Barbarians in Assu, conflict that ensured the integration of the area the territory and the wishes of the Portuguese crown. Thus, it will be taken as objects of study social phenomena that characterized Assu’s riverside - at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century, in a cutout that extends from 1680 to 1720 - as an area of conflicts of interest, noticeable for analysis from period documents such as records of land grants concessions, correspondence between colonial and kingdom authorities, documents from the exercise of administration of Portuguese America and legislation.

A ribeira da discórdia: terras, homens e relações de poder na territorialização do Assu colonial (1680-1720)

The internalization process of the Portuguese possession in Northern Captaincies - after the Dutch eviction and the development of activities related to livestock in the backlands (Sertão) – expanded the Portuguese territory in America. This process resulted in the advancement of Portuguese conquest over the region and conflicts involving agents of colonization and indigenous groups who inhabited that space, as well as conflicts of interest of captaincy’s major social groups and the defense policies of the Portuguese territory possession. Among the rivers which run through Rio Grande captaincy’s territory, the Açu was the one that aroused conquerors and colonizers of the back lands interest, making that spatiality an area where interest and power exercises converged and generated discord. This research aims to analyze the territorial process of Assu backlands, from the pioneers, conquerors and colonizers action over the space studied, during the event known as the War of the Barbarians in Assu, conflict that ensured the integration of the area the territory and the wishes of the Portuguese crown. Thus, it will be taken as objects of study social phenomena that characterized Assu’s riverside - at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century, in a cutout that extends from 1680 to 1720 - as an area of conflicts of interest, noticeable for analysis from period documents such as records of land grants concessions, correspondence between colonial and kingdom authorities, documents from the exercise of administration of Portuguese America and legislation.

As relações de interação e integração entre cérebro, corpo-propriamente-dito e meio-ambiente na constituição da mente consciente

This dissertation will be marked by our proposal to hold a theoretical perspective to the classical mind-body problem, and more precisely for the defense of the idea that consciousness (or conscious mind) emerges from the interaction and integration relationships between body proper, brain and environment. This purpose will lead us to assume an alternative position with respect to the more traditional perspectives to the mind-body problem, ie an alternative perspective not only in relation to the dualistics forms of mind-body, but also in regards to the reductive physicalists, which usually reduces mind to brain. Aiming to support a position that both avoid the idea that mind and body are distinct substances and the theory that the brain explains the consciousness in its totality, we will dedicate an important part of this work to explain how the structure of consciousness depends significantly of the body proper and the bodily information mechanisms as well as the environment and the physiological mechanisms through which we place ourselves in space, in front of us and the other bodies (organic and inorganic). Given that the relationship between brain, body and environment involves different mental levels — from the most primitive and unconscious mental mechanisms until conscious and sophisticated levels — we will proceed to the task of assuming a model to explain in what sense these levels contribute to that our instincts and the most sophisticated dimensions of our mental life are part of the one and the same process, which is why we will structure our argument from the ideia that mind, self, and consciousness are the different hierarchical levels which make up the totality of our psychic life and therefore organic one. Imbued with this conceptual approach, we will advance to the focus of this work, namely the reasons that will lead us to give a prominent role to the body proper and the environment in the constitution of the conscious mind, or even the reasons that will lead us to defend the thesis according to which we are embodied and situated, as well as the reasons that will lead us to reject the theoretical positions that dichotomize man and world. In order to support the thesis that we are embodied and situated, and therefore with the purpose of overcoming the theoretical paradigms that dichotomize consciousness and world, we will turn out to the authors and the perspectives we believe to be more successful in this endeavor, including the phenomenological approaches to bodily self-consciousness, the enactivists perspectives and the researches dedicated to mapping the interaction and integration relationships between brain, body and environment. To achieve our goals, the dissertation will be divided into two chapters: the first chapter will emphasize in what way the structuring of consciousness depends on the body proper and the environment, while in the second chapter we will resort to the phenomenological dimensions of bodily self-consciousness, emphasizing the bodily information channels that provide us the immediate certainty, in a first person perspective, that the self is bodily in a non-metaphorical sense.

A escola do urbano no campo do município de Catalão/GO : ensino de geografia nas especificidades do lugar

This study makes an approach to the Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) located in Catalão city(GO) rural area where stands the Maria Bárbara Sucena Municipal School. This school center is a result of getting together several small and isolated schools, which worked, scattered in many rural communities in the region. After this centralization in a single school, many students had to move along inconvenient distance to get their classes. Morro Agudo Community (Cisterna) was outstanding at garlic cultivation throughout the 1990`s when eventually this activity came to a decline. The region is constituted by properties of small tract of land. The landowners come from a Portuguese background and there are, in addit ion, migrant workers from the northeast region of Brazil. These northeasterners work for these local landowners, and that brings an additional meaning to the social relations in the region and to the rural schooling. The social and cultural diversity of the region has a feedback at the school arising tensions in many ways. In the teaching and learning process the school deals with this diversity, combined with rules and goals that, in the end, delivers a geography teaching not able to value the local knowledge accumulated in the region by its own inhabitants. New methodological approaches to rural school communities emerged out of the analysis of these unmet expectations. Furthermore, this study takes into consideration some “residues”, that means not all events are fit into programs; there are unintended consequences in an open process. All these are object of deep review in this doctoral dissertation. In this community, an analysis of the public policies implemented by Federal and municipal governments to rural schools communities in Brazil was conducted. The way in which public policies toward rural communities are implemented at the schools was reviewed; the goals they pursue and the role played by textbooks are also object of analysis. This study questions the relevance of this tools, mainly if they meet the real needs of the local people. The social representations of teachers and students are considered carefully based on their everyday lives and experiences.

Da cozinha ao terreiro em Mutamba da Caieira (RN) : cotidiano, espaço doméstico e sociabilidade

In this work we thought about the social use of the domestic space and, specifically, the space destined to the preparation of food. The kitchen is a creative space of social relationships. There the families exchange daily interaction with the neighbors, in a collective of the space reserved to the making of food. Our empiric research was in the Mutamba da Caieira community, located in the county of Assu (RN). The data was collected through the etnographic method aided by the photographic resources. In the discussion, we delimitated at the house three types of kitchens: one reserved to the family, another kitchen in the terrace and yet another kitchen in the yard. They are kitchens that link amongst themselves with activities and differentiated temporalities. In the daily social exchange, the kitchen imposes itself as a social space through the conditions that it offers for the production of the foods, the circulation of domestic objects, the communication of knowledge around the cookery, operating a group of symbolic and ritual actions combined with appropriate techniques for the transformation of the foods. The study reveals that the domestic chores accomplished amon relatives and friends form webs of intracommunitary relationships in the use of the three kitchens, and that the social network is updated in a singular moment that usually happens in the community, the Game of Pacará

A produção do mobiliário urbano nos espaços públicos :o desenho do mobiliário urbano nos projetos de reordenamento das orlas do Rio Grande do Norte

This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject

Da cozinha ao terreiro em Mutamba da Caieira (RN) : cotidiano, espaço doméstico e sociabilidade

In this work we thought about the social use of the domestic space and, specifically, the space destined to the preparation of food. The kitchen is a creative space of social relationships. There the families exchange daily interaction with the neighbors, in a collective of the space reserved to the making of food. Our empiric research was in the Mutamba da Caieira community, located in the county of Assu (RN). The data was collected through the etnographic method aided by the photographic resources. In the discussion, we delimitated at the house three types of kitchens: one reserved to the family, another kitchen in the terrace and yet another kitchen in the yard. They are kitchens that link amongst themselves with activities and differentiated temporalities. In the daily social exchange, the kitchen imposes itself as a social space through the conditions that it offers for the production of the foods, the circulation of domestic objects, the communication of knowledge around the cookery, operating a group of symbolic and ritual actions combined with appropriate techniques for the transformation of the foods. The study reveals that the domestic chores accomplished amon relatives and friends form webs of intracommunitary relationships in the use of the three kitchens, and that the social network is updated in a singular moment that usually happens in the community, the Game of Pacará

Ontologia do espaço : critica da critica da entificação social do ser enquanto pressuposto a uma teoria espacial interpenetrada a “ontologia do ser social”, de Gyorgy Lukacs

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

A produção do mobiliário urbano nos espaços públicos :o desenho do mobiliário urbano nos projetos de reordenamento das orlas do Rio Grande do Norte

This work aims to analyze and evaluate the Urban furniture designed to public areas according to the Revitalization planning for Rio Grande do Norte coastland, defining visual relations among urban elements in the landscape of revitalized public urban areas with cultural, paisagistic and touristic values and the design process used for developing urban furniture to those areas, observing the incoming consequences use to that process in a specific urban context which alters use, functions, cultural images as well as social values attributed to each particular place. Environmental perceptions, legibility of local cultural references and their representation through the design of urban elements, act in a positive or negative manner over the inhabitants cognition process of some particular revitalized area, determining new use and attributions to those areas. Designs for coastal urban interventions try excessively to standardize technical media, construction materials and planning configurations, creating artificial sceneries that segregates users, imposing new structures and usage, generating, consequently, the so called non-places and burlesque regionalism. The research is divided into 4 chapters: 1) Theoretical support (Industrial design; Urban furniture; Public urban spaces; Urban image and environmental perception; Urban occupation and interventions in coastland areas); 2) Methodological procedures and data collection; 3) Analysis of Rio Grande do Norte coastal areas and their urban interventions; 4) Final considerations and Industrial Design contributions to the subject

O ESTUDO DAS MUDANÇAS FÍSICAS E NATURAIS NO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO NA CIDADE DE ITUIUTABA/MG – BRASIL, ATRAVÉS DO USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS

Esta pesquisa teve por finalidade analisar a historiografia da cidade de Ituiutaba/MG-Brasil, alicerçado principalmente pelo apoio das geotecnologias, seguindo um recorte temporal/espacial do meio urbano da área em estudo. Sendo assim, cada uma de suas partes mantém relações espaciais com as demais, ainda que de intensidade muito variável. Destaca-se que estas relações manifestam – se através de fluxos de veículos, de pessoas, de mercadorias, deslocamento quotidiano e os diversos locais de trabalho, mobilidade de menor freqüência para o centro da cidade, entre outros. Assim, a finalidade das geotecnologias, se faz presente no momento que se tem o interesse de dimensionar as áreas que tendem a ter destaque espacial, ou seja, as que mais contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da atual sede do município (tanto as que foram extintas, quanto as atuais). Como resultados obtiveram-se um conjunto de informações devidamente espacializadas, principalmente na área central do meio urbano, onde essas interfaces se fazem presentes com maior freqüência.

OS CONDOMÍNIOS HABITACIONAIS E A VALORIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO ATRAVÉS DAS ESTRATÉGIAS DE MARKETING NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO/BRASIL

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as estratégias de marketing utilizadas pelos agentes do mercado imobiliário brasileiro para comercializar lotes, casas, sobrados e apartamentos em condomínios habitacionais. Ao verificar os folhetos de divulgação de habitações em condomínios como produto de mercado constata-se que a vida cotidiana nestes enclaves difere do imaginário difundido pelo mercado e que os problemas se apresentam de modo semelhante aqueles presentes nos antigos bairros tradicionais das cidades brasileiras com ruas e avenidas abertas ao público em geral. Considerando uma pesquisa realizada com moradores de três condomínios habitacionais na cidade de Limeira-SP observa-se que é possível confrontar a ideia de habitação como signo divulgada pelos agentes do mercado imobiliário e a visão que os próprios moradores possuem deste signo após adquirido, tal qual das relações sociais cotidianas presentes nestes enclaves. Propõe-se no decorrer do artigo apresentar elementos que auxiliem na compreensão do marketing como ferramenta geográfica capaz de auxiliar na difusão, no comércio e no consumo de habitações como produtos de mercado em condomínios habitacionais no Brasil.

A TERRITORIALIDADE CIGANA EM JACOBINA-BA: RELAÇÕES DE PODER, SIMBOLOGIAS E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS

A presente pesquisa, realizada através da análise de relatos do grupo cigano residente na cidade de Jacobina, norte do Estado da Bahia, Piemonte da Chapada Diamantina, busca compreender a construção da territorialidade e identidade desta etnia através da relação com o lugar de vivência, a partir da sedentarização que ocorreu na década de 1980. Discute as relações de poder existente entre os ciganos e o convívio deste grupo com os chamados não-ciganos. Apresenta aspectos da vida cigana através de simbologias próprias e como estas são encaradas pela sociedade propagadora dos valores de dominação. A territorialidade cigana é entendida neste estudo, como construção temporal de relações com o espaço vivido, entendido pela lógica da necessidade de sobrevivência. A pesquisa apresenta a construção de um território-rede, tomando como base os ciganos de cidades vizinhas. Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos utilizou-se dados qualitativos e quantitativos, através da Geografia Cultural.

CRESCIMENTO URBANO FRAGMENTADO: DINÂMICA NAS CIDADES BRASILEIRAS

As cidades se consolidaram ao longo do século XX, como o palco da vida humana, formando aglomerações, regiões metropolitanas, cidades médias, pequenas ou núcleos urbanos, pelos fenômenos de dispersão e concentração, acarretando modificações profundas nas estruturas dos tecidos históricos, especialmente no Brasil. Nesse processo, constata-se que as cidades não se moldaram ao espaço que a envolve, percebe-se que há uma inversão na escala intra-urbana: o centro e a periferia assumem papeis diferentes, evidenciando os tempos de constituição da cidade, de forma fragmentada ou reforçando estruturas anteriores. Os limites iniciais das cidades são superados, com a consolidação das áreas mais periféricas em contraposição à degradação ou destruição das áreas históricas. Há um prolongamento da área urbanizada, o que modifica as relações com o suporte físico, pela inserção de redes e fluxos que se organizam e ampliam fronteiras, fragmentando ou definindo cidades regiões urbanas. Na produção urbana capitalista, onde se manifesta claramente a compressão do espaço-tempo, a reprodução material nas cidades se reestrutura constantemente, fragmentando, redesenhando espaços, ao mesmo tempo em que consolidam novas áreas que vão sendo apropriadas pelos agentes sociais urbanos. Entender esse processo é fundamental para que as ações de planejamento urbano e ambiental considerem a dinâmica de transformação constante das cidades, tanto nas suas relações internas como externas.

FEDERALISMO BRASILEIRO. AS RELAÇÕES INTERGOVERNAMENTAIS ANALISADAS A PARTIR DAS TRANSFERÊNCIAS VOLUNTÁRIAS (UNIÃO/MUNICÍPIOS)

   Nosso texto objetiva refletir sobre os novos nexos existentes entre a globalização e os federalismos latino-americanos, com especial atenção para o caso brasileiro. Com base nessa indicação, tratamos das tensões que surgem dessa relação e dos obstáculos, desafios e alternativas ao reconhecimento das autonomias dos lugares: a reflexão teórica é orientada a partir de uma das concreções do espaço geográfico, a categoria “território usado”, que é tanto resultado dos processos históricos, quanto base material e social das ações humanas. A análise acontece a partir de um território de “modernização periférica”, ou seja, de um território que se adapta às exigências do mercado global, por isso exacerbam-se os conflitos entre os entes da federação. Empiricamente, verifica-se que o poder executivo, com base num “neodecisionismo”, aumenta seu poder de ação, enquanto são enfraquecidos os poderes regionais e locais. Para mobilizar esse elemento empírico, discutimos a expansão dos projetos de infraestrutura do governo central (federal) nos municípios brasileiros.