Fieldwork in Upstate New York: Methods

production and perception experiments for the NCS and Low Back Merger in Ogdensburg, NY

Norm enforcement in the city revisited: An international field experiment of altruistic punishment, norm maintenance, and broken windows

In laboratory experiments, people are willing to sanction norms at a cost—a behavioral tendency called altruistic punishment. However, the degree to which these findings can be generalized to real-world interactions is still debated. Only a small number of field experiments have been conducted, and initial results suggest that punishment is less frequent outside of the lab. This study replicates one of the first field experiments on altruistic punishment and builds ties to research on norm compliance and the broken windows theory. The original study addressed the enforcement of the anti-littering norm in Athens. We replicate this study in Bern, Zurich, and New York City. As an extension, we investigate how the experimental context (clean vs littered) impacts social norm enforcement. As a second extension, we investigate how opportunity structure impacts the maintenance of the anti-littering norm. Findings indicate that norms are universally enforced, although significantly less than in the standard laboratory experiment,and that enforcement is significantly more common in Switzerland than in New York. Moreover, individuals prefer more subtle forms of enforcement to direct punishment. We also find that enforcement is less frequent in littered than in clean contexts, suggesting that broken windows might not only foster deviant behavior but also weaken informal social control. Finally, we find that opportunity structure can encourage people to maintain norms, as indicated by the fact that people are more likely to voluntarily pick up litter when it is closer to a trash bin.

"Von New York nach Jerusalem und in die Wüste" [Rezension]

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The Jewish Bogey by Lucien Wolf, London - The History of a Lie, study by Herman Bernstein, New York [Rezension]

Paul Nathan

Dr. Paul Nathan an Jakob H. Schiff in New York

Paul Nathan

Prof. Salomon Schechter [Illustration] : Direktor des Rabbiner-Seminars in New-York

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Heinebrunnen in New York [Illustration]

Ernst Herter

Teilansicht des Heinebrunnens in New York [Abbildungen]

Ernst Herter

Lorelei [Illustration] : Teilansicht des Heinebrunnens in New York

Ernst Herter