(Appendix) Late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossils of DSDP Holes 80-549 and 80-551

he early late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-early Turonian) is thought to have been one of the warmest periods of the Phanerozoic. This period was characterised by tropical sea surface temperatures of up to 36 °C and a pole-to-equator-gradient of less than 10 °C. The subsequent Turonian-Maastrichtian was characterised by a continuous climatic cooling, peaking in the Maastrichtian. This climatic cooling and the resulting palaeoceanographic changes had an impact on planktic primary producer communities including calcareous nannofossils. In order to gain a better understanding of these Cenomanian-Maastrichtian palaeoceanographic changes, calcareous nannofossils have been studied from the proto North Atlantic (Goban Spur, DSDP Sites 549, 551). In order to see potential differences between open oceanic and shelf dwelling nannofossils, the data from Goban Spur have been compared to findings from the European shelf (northern Germany). A total of 77 samples from Goban Spur were studied for calcareous nannofossils revealing abundant (mean 6.2 billion specimens/g sediment) and highly diverse (mean 63 species/sample) nannofossil assemblages. The dominant taxa are Watznaueria spp. (mean 30.7%), Prediscosphaera spp. (mean 18.3%), Zeugrhabdotus spp. (mean 8.3%), Retecapsa spp. (mean 7.2%) and Biscutum spp. (mean 6.6%). The Cenomanian assemblages of both Goban Spur (open ocean) and Wunstorf (shelf) are characterised by elevated abundances of high fertility taxa like Biscutum spp., Zeugrhabdotus spp. and Tranolithus orionatus. Early Turonian to Maastrichtian calcareous nannofossil assemblages of Goban Spur are, however, quite different to those described from European sections. Oceanic taxa like Watznaueria spp., Retecapsa spp. and Cribrosphearella ehrenbergii dominate in Goban Spur whereas the fertility indicators Biscutum spp. and T. orionatus are more abundant in the European shelf assemblages. This shift from a homogeneous distribution of calcareous nannofossils in the Cenomanian towards a heterogeneous one in the Turonian-Maastrichtian implies a change of the ocean circulation. The "eddy ocean" system of the Cenomanian was replaced by an oceanic circulation similar to the modern one in the Turonian-Maastrichtian, caused by the cooling. The increased pole-to-equator-gradients resulted in an oceanic circulation similar to the modern one.

University of Michigan Football Team, 1917

Back Row: Chester Morrison, ?, Angus Goetz, Harold Cherry, ?, Abraham Cohn, ?, Eddy, Ward Culver, ?

Third Row: ?, Archie Weston, Oscar Cartwright, Skinner, trainer Harold Tuthill

Second Row: ?, J .Orton Goodsell, William Fortune, ?, Alan W. Boyd, Tad Wieman, Clifford Sparks

Front Row: Fred Hendershott, others unidentified

Others on team bur not identified in this picture:Charles Booth, Lee Bonar, William Cruse, Harold Froemke, Thomas Garrett, Lowell Genebach, Joseph Hanzlik, Oscar Lambert, L.O. Lindstom, Harold Rye, Richard F. Weske

Christian Science, its manifold attractions /

Mode of access: Internet.

Oil shale of the Rocky Mountain region,

Mode of access: Internet.

Final report and inventory of the Vermont Historical records survey, W. P. A.

Mode of access: Internet.

California dairy farm management /

Mode of access: Internet.

The mask of Eddyism ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Christian healing, and The people's idea of God; sermons delivered at Boston,

Each sermon has special t.-p.

Christian science versus pantheism, and other messages to the Mother church.

Each part has special t.-p. and separate paging.

Retrospection and introspection /

Mode of access: Internet.

Unity of good /

Mode of access: Internet.

Retrospection and introspection /

Originally published: Boston, Mass. : W.G. Nixon, Publishers, 1892.

A complete concordance to Science and health, with key to the Scriptures, together with an index to the marginal headings and a list of the Scriptural quotations contained therein;

Mode of access: Internet.

Passage of anticyclonic Gulf Stream eddies through deepwater dumpsite 106 during 1974 and 1975 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Two thousand miles on an automobile; being a desultory narrative of a trip through New England, New York, Canada, and the West,

Mode of access: Internet.