Um olhar sobre a Descrição a partir das Séries " Licenciamento Industrial" e "Registo do Trabalho Nacional" da Direcção Regional de Economia do Centro

O presente trabalho resulta do estágio realizada na Secretaria Geral do Ministério da Economia e do Emprego. O estágio consistiu na descrição de duas Séries documentais. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se demonstrar a importância do uso das normas de descrição arquivística, mostrando a importância da descrição dos produtores, das funções e das entidades responsáveis pela sua custódia, conjugada com a descrição dos documentos.

A Contribuição da Rádio para o Desenvolvimento da Cidadania: um estudo comparado da atuação de rádios do Brasil e de Portugal (2011-2012)

O jornalismo e os meios de comunicação adquiriram uma importância social muito relevante na construção social da realidade. É fundamental discutir o papel dos media como um dos principais fóruns de discussão em sociedades democráticas. Desde o advento da democracia moderna, os meios de comunicação têm assumido grande destaque no que diz respeito à constituição de espaços para o exercício da cidadania. Alguns autores quase que fundem as ideias de espaço público e media, em função de a sociedade se ter tornado extraordinariamente complexa, não sendo mais possível, fisicamente, assegurar um processo “efetivamente” democrático através de espaços físicos comunicacionais (de discussão e interação sociais face a face). Os media, nomeadamente através do jornalismo, podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento da sociedade com a difusão de informações, a troca de opiniões e a promoção de debates. Podem, desta forma, contribuir para a construção da cidadania por meio de ações educativas e informativas que conduzam o sujeito à reflexão e à ação. Partindo da compreensão de que a cidadania é construída no âmbito da relação das pessoas com a sociedade em que vivem, entendemos que a base para o exercício da cidadania é a formulação de opiniões sobre os assuntos relevantes para a vida dos indivíduos. No nosso trabalho analisamos exatamente a relação entre cidadania e rádio. A escolha deste medium deve-se ao facto de a rádio ser um dos primeiros veículos de comunicação de massa e, embora alguns teóricos tenham declarado a sua morte, a rádio sobrevive e continua a ter uma presença importante nas sociedades. Para além disso, consideramos a rádio como um veículo privilegiado para a promoção da cidadania, uma vez que reúne um conjunto de elementos favoráveis a esse fim, dentre eles: a proximidade com o público e a linguagem utilizada. Assim, a nossa intenção foi compreender como a rádio, hoje, manifesta o seu potencial, enquanto parte integrante dos mass media, de modo a prestar o seu contributo ao desenvolvimento da cidadania. A sua programação contribui para o entendimento do mundo indispensável à formação de opiniões sobre questões relevantes ao exercício a cidadania? Para responder a essa questão estudámos as grelhas de programação de rádios em Lisboa e em Brasília, nos anos 2011 e 2012, e realizámos entrevistas com os respetivos diretores. Também realizámos grupos de focos, no contexto de diversas organizações sociais, para compreender a relação dos cidadãos com a rádio. O nosso objetivo foi analisar a contribuição da rádio para o processo de formação de opinião sobre temas sociais relevantes à cidadania, através de um estudo comparado nas cidades de Brasília e Lisboa, assim como verificar se a programação quotidiana das rádios em estudo promove uma aproximação aos cidadãos e se os mesmos reconhecem e definem a programação como correspondendo às suas necessidades de informação. Observámos que a rádio continua a ter um grande potencial cívico, mas neste momento, de um modo geral, a sua programação pouco contribui para a promoção de uma cidadania efetiva – ou, para sermos mais incisivos, ela desmerece mesmo esse seu potencial.

Simultaneous circulation of all four dengue serotypes in Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil in 2011

INTRODUCTION: Manaus, the capital city of the state of Amazon with nearly 2 million inhabitants, is located in the middle of the Amazon rain forest and has suffered dengue outbreaks since 1998. METHODS: In this study, blood samples were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), aimed at identifying dengue virus serotypes. RESULTS: Acute phase sera from 432 patients were tested for the presence of dengue virus. Out of the 432 patients, 137 (31.3%) were found to be positive. All the four dengue virus serotypes were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous circulation of the four dengue serotypes is described for the first time in Manaus and in Brazil.

Managing marginal capital requirements in solvency II: Analysis of a real insurance portfolio

This thesis provides a complete analysis of the Standard Capital Requirements given by Solvency II for a real insurance portfolio. We analyze the investment portfolio of BPI Vida e Pensões, an insurance company affiliated with a Portuguese bank BPI, both at security, sub-portfolio and asset class levels. By using the Standard Formula from EIOPA, Total SCR amounts to 239M€. This value is mostly explained by Market and Default Risk whereas the former is driven by Spread and Concentration Risks. Following the methodology of Leblanc (2011), we examine the Marginal Contribution of an asset to the SCR which allows for the evaluation of the risks of each security given its characteristics and interactions in the portfolio. The top contributors to the SCR are Corporate Bonds and Term Deposits. By exploring further the composition of the portfolio, our results show that slight changes in allocation of Term and Cash Deposits have severe impacts on the total Concentration and Default Risks, respectively. Also, diversification effects are very relevant by representing savings of 122M€. Finally, Solvency II represents an opportunity for the portfolio optimization. By constructing efficient frontiers, we find that as the target expected return increases, a shift from Term Deposits/ Commercial Papers to Eurozone/Peripheral and finally Equities occurs.

An economic appraisal of the wealth-health gradient

In this study we aim to investigate the health discrepancies arising from unequal economic status, known as the “wealth-health gradient”. Our sample comprises 47,163 individuals from 14 European countries in the SHARE Wave 4 (2011), representing the population aged 50 and older. Through a cross-sectional OLS regression model, we have tested the impact of country-level indicators to infer their effect on personal health and on the magnitude of the gradient. The results find that private expenditure yields, on average, a higher, but fast decreasing, health benefit than public expenditure; and that income inequality is irrelevant for reducing health inequalities.

Factors related to severe dengue during an epidemic in Vitoria, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil, 2011

Introduction The prognosis of dengue depends on early diagnosis and treatment, which can help prevent severe forms whose characteristics were evaluated here. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving dengue cases in Vitória, State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in 2011. Results Two health regions registered 56.3% of 371 cases of severe dengue. Of these cases, 21.3% presented with dengue hemorrhagic fever. There were associations between dengue hemorrhagic fever with younger ages and a longer time before receiving care. Conclusions There was a greater involvement of dengue hemorrhagic fever in young people. Delay in care, poor urban quality and high endemicity were identified as possible risk factors for dengue severity.

Structural transformation in the product space: Patterns and implications

Product fundamentals are essential in explaining heterogeneity in the product space. The scope for adapting and transferring capabilities into the production of different goods determines the speed and intensity of the structural transformation process and entails dissimilar development opportunities for nations. Future specialization patterns become then partly determined by the current network of products’ relatedness. Building on previous literature, this paper explicitly compares methodological concepts of product connectivity to conclude in favor of the density measure we propose combined with the Revealed Relatedness Index (RRI) approach presented by Freitas and Salvado (2011). Overall, RRI specifications displayed more consistent behavior when different time horizons are equated.

Social tariffs for water and waste services in mainland Portugal: An impact analysis

This paper proposes to quantify the effect of social tariffs (ST) in the Portuguese water and waste sector (WWS). It calculates the amount of subsidy implicit in ST schemes, characterising the existing tariffs in 2011 and producing a synthetic tariff scene where the regulator’s recommendation is respected. This is the first time such an exercise is undertaken and it is very relevant in a context of deep economic crisis. Results suggest that there are fewer beneficiaries than what income eligibility criteria would imply and that putting the regulator’s recommendation in practice would considerably raise subsidy amounts, potentially leading to a severe increase in non-subsidised user tariffs to allow for break-even.

Success in higher education

This paper analyses the determinants of success of undergraduate Nova SBE students from 2008 to 2011. We account for the question of selection that is likely to occur when we just observe the success of those students who were admitted and enrolled at school. The main result of our empirical analysis is that the high school score appears to be a stronger predictor of the students´ success than the national Math’s exam score. In addition, the evidence also suggests that male students tend to have a better performance in Economics than female students and displaced management students have more difficulties in terms of their scores. Finally, it does not seem to exist a strong visible difference on the final GPA between students from public and private schools.

Inovcity- Structure of trials evaluation

In 2007, the UK government commissioned the Energy Demand Research Project to conduct a large scale experiment of smart metering technologies to test the impacts from many different forms of feedback to residential consumers. A full evaluation of the results was completed in 2011. In Portugal, EDP is also conducting smart meter trials in a project called InovCity in the city of Évora whose results will be evaluated during 2012. In this work, the case of Great Britain is studied as a reference on how an evaluation of trial results should be conducted. I also discuss potential limitations of the experiments, implications for national roll-out decisions, and finally draw some lessons that can be applied to the Portuguese case.

Comparative study of lymphocytes from individuals that were vaccinated and unvaccinated against the pandemic 2009-2011 H1N1 influenza virus in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:While no single factor is sufficient to guarantee the success of influenza vaccine programs, knowledge of the levels of immunity in local populations is critical. Here, we analyzed influenza immunity in a population from Southern Brazil, a region with weather conditions that are distinct from those in the rest of country, where influenza infections are endemic, and where greater than 50% of the population is vaccinated annually.METHODS:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 40 individuals. Of these, 20 had received the H1N1 vaccine, while the remaining 20 were unvaccinated against the disease. Cells were stimulated in vitro with the trivalent post-pandemic influenza vaccine or with conserved major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) peptides derived from hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Cell viability was then analyzed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide)]-based colorimetric assay (MTT), and culture supernatants were assayed for helper T type 1 (Th1) and Th2-specific cytokine levels.RESULTS:Peripheral blood lymphocytes from vaccinated, but not unvaccinated, individuals exhibited significant proliferation in vitro in the presence of a cognate influenza antigen. After culturing with vaccine antigens, cells from vaccinated individuals produced similar levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ, while those from unvaccinated individuals produced higher levels of IFN-γ than of IL-10.CONCLUSIONS:Our data indicate that peripheral blood lymphocytes from vaccinated individuals are stimulated upon encountering a cognate antigen, but did not support the hypothesis that cross-reactive responses related to previous infections can ameliorate the immune response. Moreover, monitoring IL-10 production in vaccinated individuals could comprise a valuable tool for predicting disease evolution.

Evaluation of the World Health Organization 2009 classification of dengue severity in autopsied individuals, during the epidemics of 2011 and 2012 in Brazil

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The dengue classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 is considered more sensitive than the classification proposed by the WHO in 1997. However, no study has assessed the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil, where the disease is endemic. METHODS: This retrospective study included 121 autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil during the epidemics of 2011 and 2012. All the autopsied individuals included in this study were confirmed to have dengue based on the findings of laboratory examinations. RESULTS: The median age of the autopsied individuals was 34 years (range, 1 month to 93 years), and 54.5% of the individuals were males. According to the WHO 1997 classification, 9.1% (11/121) of the cases were classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 3.3% (4/121) as dengue shock syndrome. The remaining 87.6% (106/121) of the cases were classified as dengue with complications. According to the 2009 classification, 100% (121/121) of the cases were classified as severe dengue. The absence of plasma leakage (58.5%) and platelet counts <100,000/mm3 (47.2%) were the most frequent reasons for the inability to classify cases as DHF. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO 2009 classification is more sensitive than the WHO 1997 classification for identifying dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue.

Os efeitos das campanhas negativas mediáticas no ato eleitoral: caso José Sócrates nas legislativas 2009 e 2011

Nos dias de hoje, o marketing político e a assessoria de imprensa tornaram-se ferramentas essenciais para um político. Sem estas ferramentas nenhum político seria capaz de responder às exigências da imagem que o século XXI acarreta. Uma boa imagem/reputação são fatores chave para o sucesso eleitoral de qualquer candidato. Em Portugal, os media são o principal palco de visualização e obtenção de conhecimento das questões políticas pela maioria das pessoas. Políticos e media devem andar de “mãos dadas”. Os media podem tornar-se os principais “inimigos” de um político. Que contornos e proporções poderão tomar uma “campanha negativa” desencadeada pelos media a um político em plena campanha eleitoral? Através de um estudo de caso iremos perceber os seus efeitos e consequências mediáticas, nas legislativas de 2009 e 2011 de José Sócrates.