Influência do kinesio taping® no desempenho neuromuscular do quadríceps femoral e na função do membro inferior em sujeitos saudáveis: ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, cego

Objective:To analyze the immediate effects of the Kinesio Taping® application on the quadriceps neuromuscular performance, postural balance and lower limb function in healthy subjects. Materials andmethods:This is a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Sixtyfemale volunteers(age: 23.3±2.5 years old, BMI: 22.2±2.1kg/m2)wererandomly assigned intothreegroups with20memberseach,and performedone of these threeprotocols: control -10 minutesof rest,experimental 1- patch application ontherectusfemoris (RF), vastuslateralis(VL) and vastusmedialis(VM) and experimental 2-KT application on the same muscles. Allunderwent an evaluationfor singleand triple hop distance, postural balance (baropodometry), joint position sense(JPS), peak torque (concentric and eccentricevaluation at 60°/s)and electromyographic activityof VL,before andafter intervention.Results: There wasasignificant increasein the jump distanceof thethreestudied groups,with no differencebetween groups.There were nosignificant changesin postural balance,JPS, concentricpeak torqueand RMSof the VLin none of the groups. There was a reduction ineccentricpeak torquein all groups, without differencesbetween groups.Conclusion:The KT application on the RF, VL and VMmusclesis not able tosignificantly improvelower limbfunction and postural balance, as well as the kneeextensor peaktorque, JPSand the VL muscleactivation amplitudeof healthy women.

Efeito do tempo de repouso após fadiga induzida no desempenho neuromuscular do quadríceps femoral: ensaio clínico, controlado, randomizado, cego

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different resting periods, after induced muscle fatigue, in the quadriceps femoris neuromuscular performance, in healthy subjects. Methods: Sixty-four volunteers, of both genders, with an average of 21,8 ± 1,7 years and mean body mass index of 24,2 ± 3,7 Kg/m2 were randomly assigned into 4 groups: control group (was not induced fatigue); Experimental Group 1 (Exp. 1 1 minute of rest after fatigue); Experimental Group 3 (Exp. 3 3 minutes of rest after fatigue) and Experimental Group 5 (Exp. 5 5 minutes of rest after fatigue). The subjects were evaluated to the knee´s joint position sense (JPS), followed by 5 flexion-extension knee concentric isokinetic contractions at 60°/s, with concomitant recording of median frequency (Fmed) of rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM). Then they underwent a muscle fatigue protocol (30 flexion-extension knee concentric contractions at 60°/s) and were reevaluated on the isokinetic performance, Fmed and JPS. Blood lactate levels were measured before initial assessment, immediately after the fatigue protocol and 5 minutes after the end of the rest period. Results: The adoption of 3 minutes of rest was sufficient to restore the initial conditions for the peak torque normalized by body weight and the VL and VM Fmed. The joint position sense returned to its initial values with 1 minute rest. The lactate concentration remained high regardless of the adopted rest period. Conclusion: The use of 3-minute rest period is sufficient for the reestablishment of the neuromuscular parameters to the pre fatigue values.

Desempenho motor de pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral em um jogo baseado em realidade virtual

The Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) is the leading cause of motor disability in adults and elderly and that is why it still needs effective interventions that contribute to motor recovery. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of stroke patients in chronic stage using a virtual reality game. Method: 20 patients (10 with injury to the left and 10 to the right side), right-handed, average age 50.6 ± 9.2 years, and 20 healthy subjects with average age of 50.9 ± 8.8, also right-handed participated. The patients had a motor (Fugl-Meyer) and muscle tone assessment (Ashworth). All participants made a kinematic evaluation of the drinking water activity and then underwent training with the table tennis game on XBOX 360 Kinect®, 2 sets of 10 attempts for 45 seconds, 15 minutes rest between sets, giving a total of 30 minutes session. After training the subjects underwent another kinematic evaluation. The patients trained with the right and left hemiparect upper limb and the healthy ones with the right and left upper limb. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, t Student test and Pearson correlation. Results: There was significant difference in the number of hits between the patients and healthy groups, in which patients had a lower performance in all the attempts (p = 0.008), this performance was related to a higher level of spasticity (r = - 0.44, p = 0.04) and greater motor impairment (r = 0.59, p = 0.001). After training, patients with left hemiparesis had improved shoulder and elbow angles during the activity of drinking water, approaching the pattern of motion of the left arm of healthy subjects (p < 0.05), especially when returning the glass to the table, and patients with right hemiparesis did not obtain improved pattern of movement (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The stroke patients improved their performance over the game attempts, however, only patients with left hemiparesis were able to increase the angle of the shoulder and elbow during the functional activity execution, better responding to virtual reality game, which should be taken into consideration in motor rehabilitation

Desempenho e efeitos agudos da espirometria de incentivo volume-orientada sobre os volumes pulmonares em pacientes após AVC e sujeitos saudáveis

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma síndrome clínica caracterizada por uma perturbação focal da função cerebral. Geralmente ocasiona quadro de disfunção motora acompanhada de prejuízo da função respiratória. Tendo em vista tal quadro e suas possíveis repercussões, a fisioterapia respiratória tem sido amplamente requisitada com o intuito reverter ou minimizar as complicações. Dentre os recursos utilizados para este fim, os espirômetros de incentivo são utilizados com o objetivo de restaurar os volumes pulmonares, modificando o padrão respiratório e de ventilação pulmonar, prevenindo a incidência das complicações pulmonares. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o desempenho na realização da espirometria de incentivo volume-orientada (EI) e seus efeitos agudos sobre os volumes pulmonares em pacientes após AVC e sujeitos saudáveis. Foram selecionados 40 voluntários, de ambos os gêneros, divididos em grupo experimental (GE), composto por 20 pacientes após AVC e grupo controle (GC) composto por 20 sujeitos saudáveis, pareados quanto à idade, gênero e Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC). A coleta dos dados foi realizada em duas etapas: (1) Avaliação cognitiva e neurofuncional (Mini Exame do Estado Mental, National Institute Stroke Scale, Medida de Independência Funcional, teste de desempenho da aprendizagem) (2) Avaliação Respiratória (espirometria, manovacuometria e cinemática tóraco-abdominal, através da Pletismografia Opto-eletrônica). A análise estatística foi realizada através do software Graphpad Prism 4.0, em que foram utilizados os testes t Student e ANOVA two-way para comparação intergrupos e adotado nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que os pacientes apresentam desempenho inferior na aprendizagem da espirometria de incentivo, com uma média de erros maior 2,95 ± 1,39, quando comparados aos sujeitos saudáveis, 1,15 ± 0,98. Em relação à prática observacional utilizada não foi encontrada diferença entre a aprendizagem através do vídeo ou do terapeuta. Em relação aos efeitos agudos da espirometria de incentivo volume-orientada, os pacientes após AVC apresentaram valores de volume corrente 24,7%, 18% e 14,7% inferiores quando comparados aos sujeitos saudáveis nos momentos pré-EI, EI e pós-EI, porém a espirometria de incentivo induziu incrementos de volume similares em ambos os grupos estudados, com 75, 3% para os pacientes e 73,3% para os sujeitos saudáveis. A espirometria de incentivo promove ganhos significativos no volume corrente da parede torácica, tanto em pacientes acometidos por AVC como em sujeitos saudáveis, no entanto o desempenho da aprendizagem é inferior para os pacientes, para ambas as práticas com vídeo ou terapeuta

Efeito do método pilates no desempenho muscular e no equilíbrio corporal de mulheres idosas: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado

Background: The Pilates Method is a modality of exercise that has been growing in recent decades, but few researches has been conducted with elderly and little is known about its benefits in this population. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a program of Mat Pilates exercises in muscle performance and postural balance in elderly women. Materials and Method: This is a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the muscle performance (isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3 Pro®) and postural balance (Balance Master System®) of 33 women aged 65-80 years. The experimental group (EG) participated of a 12-week program of Mat Pilates exercises with two weekly sessions. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro - Wilk test and were adopted p value < 0.05 as significance level. Results: There were no differences between groups after training. However, the EG showed an increase in the values of extension and flexion average power to 60 ° / s after training (32.19 W to 37.04 W and 14.48 W to 17.56 W, respectively). Conclusion: The proposed exercise program was not effective in the total work and average power of flexor and extensor of the knee, as well as static and dynamic balance of participants

Comparação e mobilidade, equilíbrio corporal e desempenho muscular segundo a auto-eficácia para quedas em idosas

The aging process modifies various systems in the body, leading to changes in mobility, balance and muscle strength. This can cause a drop in the elderly, or not changing the perceived self-efficacy in preventing falls. Objective: To compare the mobility, body balance and muscle performance according to self-efficacy for falls in community-dwelling elderly. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study with 63 older (65-80 years) community. Were evaluated for identification data and sociodemographic, cognitive screening using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), effective for the fall of Falls Efficacy Scale International Brazil (FES-I-BRAZIL), Mobility through the Timed Up and Go Test , the balance Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Modified Clinical Test tests of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB), tandem walk (TW) and Sit to Stand (STS) of the Balance Master® System. Finally, muscle performance by using isokinetic dynamometry. Statistical analysis was performed Student t test for comparison between groups, with p value ≤ 0.05. Results: Comparing the elderly with low-efficacy for falls with high-efficacy for falls, we found significant differences only for the variable Timed Up and Go Test (p = 0.04). With regard to data on balance tests were significant differences in the speed of oscillation firm surface eyes open modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Test of Balance (p = 0.01). Variables to isokinetic dynamometry were no significant differences in movement knee extension, as regards the variables peak torque (p = 0.04) and power (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The results suggest that, compared to older community with low-and high-efficacy for falls, we observed differences in variables related to mobility, balance and muscle function

Efeitos imediatos da laserterapia sobre o desempenho neuromuscular após fadiga muscular induzida: ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e cego

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of laser therapy on neuromuscular performance in healthy subjects after a muscle fatigue. This is a clinical trial, controlled, randomized, blinded, attended by 80 volunteers of both genders, healthy, with ages between 18 to 28 years. Initially the volunteers performed an initial evaluation (EV1) using electromyography in the biceps muscle, associated with assessment in isokinetic dynamometry with 5 concentric contractions (60 °/s) for elbow flexion. The subjects were randomly allocated into 4 groups: G1 (control, n = 20), G2 (placebo, n = 20), G3 (pre-fatigue laser, n = 20), and G4 (post fatigue laser, n = 20). The muscular fatigue protocol had 30 concentric isokinetic contractions (120 °/s). We used a 808 nm laser, power of 100 mW, applied at the belly of the biceps muscle. After the speeches the volunteers performed a final evaluation (EV2). Test was applied to two-way ANOVA with post hoc Turkey, with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference in electromyographic evaluation. In dynamometric evaluation showed a drop in peak torque, peak torque normalized to body weight (p <0.001) and average power (p <0, 05) between the initial and final evaluations in control. Among the groups there was a significant difference between the control and the other groups in relation to peak torque (p <0.05), peak torque to body weight (p <0.001) and average power (p <0.05). Therefore, the low intensity laser therapy does not alter the immediate neuromuscular performance after fatigue

Influência da adição no comportamento reológico da pasta autoadensável de alto desempenho

Influence of admixture on the rheological behavior of high performance self-compacting paste. This research proposes to study the influence of the specific area, mould and surface texture of admixtures on the rheological behavior of high performance self-compacting paste (HPSCP). The selected admixtures are calcareous filler and basalt filler, which are industrial residues, thus contributing to sustainable development. The paste is made up of cement, silica fume, calcareous filler or basalt filler, water and superplasticizer additive. For this study, the water/cement ratios are fixed = 0.40 L kg(-1); silica fume/cement = 0.10 kg kg(-1); the filler/cement and superplasticizer/cement ratios are determined through Marsh cone and mini-slump tests. The results show that for same filler/cement ratios, the ratios of superplasticizer to paste with calcareous filler are significantly lower than those of paste with basalt filler. The results show that the specific area, mould and surface texture of these admixtures significantly influence the rheological behavior of HPSCP.

Avaliação do desempenho de corte de diferentes grãos adiamantados

Por meio de um trabalho multidisciplinar entre Engenheiros e Dentistas, foram estudados oito diferentes tipos de grãos abrasivos de diamantes para a fabricação de pontas adiamantadas e/ou rebolos de pequeno diâmetro. Verificou-se qual o grão mais adequado para ser empregado nas pontas, as quais são utilizadas em equipamentos que possuem um pequeno torque disponível. Uma metodologia de experimentação para avaliação da capacidade de corte destas ferramentas foi desenvolvida, utilizando-se o vidro como material a ser desgastado. Como resultados, observou-se que a estrutura e a friabilidade do grão de diamante afetam diretamente a capacidade de corte das pontas adiamantadas. Desta forma, o melhor tipo de diamante foi aquele que apresentou, ao mesmo tempo, as melhores condições de remoção de material e o menor preço.

Parâmetros parasitológicos e desempenho produtivo de ovinos naturalmente infectados com nematoides gastrintestinais mantidos em diferentes pastagens tropicais

The control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants is usually done with anthelmintics. However, due to the emergence of ever-increasing parasite resistance to these drugs, looking up an alternative control parasites. One of this is sought in pasture management, as these are the sources of animals` infection by L3 infective larvae of helminths. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of sheep to natural infections by gastrointestinal nematodes grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai and cv. Aruana, and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã and cv. Marandu. The work was conducted from May to August-2011 with 48 male sheeps SRD versus Santa Inês breed. The animals were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, and maintained in four different cultivars of tropical forage grasses, naturally contaminated with eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes. Each week the animals were phenotypically characterized by parasitological examinations (eggs per gram of feces - EPG, and feces culture), hematological (packed cell volume PCV, and blood eosinophil count) method to evaluate the Famacha© colorof ocular mucosa, and the measures of body condition score and weight. In pastures was made the recovery of infective larvae in order to determine the quantity of L3 present in the pasture. The experimental design was a randomized completed block with two replications and before the entry of animals in the paddocks, they have been wormed. The experiment was ended when the animals reached 32.0 kg liveweight, and then were slaughtered and autopsies performed for the recovery and identify parasites of the abomasum, small intestine and large intestine. Results were subjected to analysis of variance, t test and Tukey`s test. The animals kept on pastures of Marandu grass had lower EPG counts, higher percentage of packed cell volume and higher average weight; those who remained in the Piatã pasture had lower eosinophil counts per microliter of blood. About the Famacha©, the highest prevalence was Famacha 2, and the body condition score ranged between 2 and 3. The results of feces cultures and recovery of larvae on pastures showed the presence of larvae of Trichostrongylus sp., and at the necropsy too. This way, it was concluded that the grass cultivars influences the sheep parasite load; the Famacha, together with EPG and packed cell volume are important indicators for use in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections. The Trichostrongylus sp. was the most prevalent parasite in sheep during the rainy season

Desempenho de novilhos alimentados com dieta suplementar em pastos de capim-mombaça

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplements feeding on growth of calves grazing a Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça pasture during the dry season. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were: mineral salt ad libidum; multiple mixture (MM) fed at 0.2% of live weight (PV); and, concentrate feed (SC) fed at 0.7% of PV. Thirty six weaned calves averaging eight months and 192 kg of initial live weight were utilized. The masses and pasture components, nutritive value and rate of forage growth were evaluated. Animal performance was measured as average daily gain (ADG) and live weight gain (LWG). The supplemental feeding was adjusted after weighing. There was no difference between periods for forage mass and leaf: stem ratio. The highest values for forage green mass, leaf blades mass and stem percentage were observed in the first trial period. The canopy height and the available forage on offer did not differ among treatments. The percentage of dead was higher for the last periods of evaluation. The leaf: stem ratio and the leaf percentage were greater in the second period. There was significant difference (p<0,05) among treatments for the ADG and were 250, 460 and 770 g/day for salt, MM and SC, respectively. The biggest LWG was observed in the treatment SC. contents of PB, DIVMO, NDF and LDA on leaf blades, thatched roofs and dead material dead not differ among treatments. The highest GPV was observed in the SC treatment. The contents of PB, DIVMO, NDF and LDA for leaf blades stem and dead material did not differ among treatments. Independent of the use supplements , it is possible to keep steers gaining weight, during dry season, since the stocking rate is appropriately adjusted

Efeitos da alteração dos níveis de ansiedade no desempenho de ratos em uma tarefa de discriminação apetitiva

The plus-maze discriminative avoidance paradigm has been used to study the relationship between aversive memory and anxiety. The present study aims to verify if the elevated plus-maze can provide information about appetitive memory and anxiety, through a task motivated by food reward. Animals were allowed to explore an elevated plus-maze and received reinforcement in one of the enclosed arms. In a test session performed 24h later, in the absence of reward, rats showed preference for the previously rewarded enclosed arm over the neutral enclosed arm. The administration of diazepam and pentylenetetrazole before training induced, respectively, anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects (as evaluated by open-arm exploration). Both drugs induced amnestic effects, i.e., lack of preference for the rewarded arm in the test session. The results suggest that appetitive memory can be influenced by anxiety levels as well. The plus-maze appetitive discrimination task seems to be a useful model to investigate the relationship between memory and anxiety

Influência da idade, do sexo e da hora do dia no desempenho em teste de labirinto

The increase of elderly population in the world and in Brazil has indicated the necessity of health systems capable to evaluate, to diagnose and to intervene in the conditions of health and disease of that segment. During that stage of human development, physical and cognitive changes happen and they are capable to influence the functional acting. It s important to distinguish the limit between the normal and the pathological. Besides the common changes during the aging, biological rhithmicity changes happen, as alterations in the cycle vigil-sleep that can influence in certain tasks performance. This study aimed to verify the influence of the age, of the sex and of the hour in a maze test performance. Eighty individuals were evaluated, 40 youths (20 men and 20 women) and 40 senior (20 men and 20 women). They were separated in 2 different groups that were tested at 9:00 o clock and at 15:00 o clock. Initially they were submitted to health evaluation, cognitive evaluation and of sleep quality and chronotype. They were instructed to accomplish the maze test whose time of execution was timed and registered. Significant differences were observed according to age for the masculine group between elderly in the morning and in the afternoon and in the feminine group between youth and elderly in the test accomplished in the morning and in the afternoon. Significant differences were not observed according to sex and hour of the day and also between attempts. In compare between the 30th and the31st, accomplished in a 15minutes of interval, significant difference was observed just for the elderly group in the morning and in the afternoon. We observed significant correlations in the maze test performance with the cronotype, with the age, with the education and with the cognitive acting. The maze test was capable to detect differences between age in the acting profile and in the evaluation of the information maintenance after 15 minutes, however it was not possible to verify difference between sex and hour of the day. Finally the correlations of the maze test with another varied may indicate your importance as coadjutant instrument in those functions evaluation

Influência da temperatura no desempenho mecânico de compósitos PEI/fibras de vidro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso de produto à base de enzima e levedura na dieta de bovinos: digestibilidade dos nutrientes e desempenho em confinamento

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes níveis de enzima mais levedura na dieta de bovinos sobre a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o desempenho em confinamento, utilizando-se 18 animais machos, mestiços, de origem leiteira, com peso vivo (PV) médio de 190±10 kg e 12 meses de idade, e 27 animais da raça Guzerá com PV médio de 325 kg e idade média de 27 meses. Os níveis de enzima mais levedura foram zero (controle), 5 g de enzima (E) mais 5 g de levedura (L) e 10 g de E mais 5 g de L por animal por dia. Todos os animais receberam a mesma dieta, constituída de 65% de silagem (50% de milho:50% de sorgo) e 35% de concentrado composto de milho (24,6%), farelo de algodão (7,4%), uréia (1,2%), sal mineralizado (0,54%) e calcário (0,86%). Esta dieta apresentava 12,4% de PB; 10,1 MJEM/kg MS e 41,1% de FDN. A adição de enzima mais levedura não alterou o consumo de MS (3,31% do PV ou 126,6 g/kg PV0,75), e CDA da MS (63,0%), PB (68,2%), EE (83,3%), CHOT (61,3%), FDN (47,2%), FDA (43,8%) e valor de NDT (62,8%). O GMD e o CMS diminuíram de forma quadrática e a CA alimentar piorou linearmente, em função dos dias de confinamento. O fornecimento de enzima mais levedura para bovinos de corte não traz benefícios nutricionais ou de desempenho.