Interspecific interaction between Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do arroz de terras altas: I - Cultivar IAC 202

O trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de determinar os períodos de interferência e de controle das plantas daninhas na cultura do arroz de terras altas. Os experimentos foram instalados nos anos agrícolas de 2003/04 e 2004/05 em área experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Jaboticabal/SP, situado a 21º 15' 22 de latitude sul e 48º 18' 58 de longitude oeste. O cultivar utilizado foi o IAC 202, semeado, respectivamente, em 18 de novembro de 2003 e 24 de novembro de 2004. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos constituídos por períodos crescentes de controle ou de convivência das plantas daninhas com a cultura. Os períodos iniciais de controle ou de convivência após a emergência da cultura foram: 0-10, 0-20, 0-30, 0-40, 0-50, 0-60, 0-70 dias e 0-colheita. As principais plantas daninhas em 2003/04 foram Cyperus rotundus, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria spp. Echinochloa crus-galli e Brachiaria decumbens. No ano agrícola de 2004/05, destacaram-se Digitaria spp., C. echinatus, Raphanus raphanistrum e Alternanthera tenella. Considerando 5% de tolerância na redução da produtividade do arroz nos anos agrícolas de 2003/04 e 2004/05, concluiu-se que os períodos anteriores à interferência (PAI) foram de 12 e 26 DAE, respectivamente; os períodos totais de prevenção à interferência (PTPI), de 40 e 42 DAE; e os períodos críticos de prevenção à interferência (PCPI), de 12 a 40 DAE e de 26 a 42 DAE, respectivamente.

A configuração da educação física no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte IFRN: contexto e perspectivas atuais.

Over time the Physical Education on IFRN has considered the sport as the only possibility of pedagogical action. In the purpose of investigating the aspects that determine this condition, this study aimed the context of physical education within the institutional framework and its current perspectives in the process of institutional transformation. In this sense, were addressed the following study questions: What political pedagogical aspects that influenced the context of Physical Education on IFRN and how the pedagogical experience on Mossoro s campus incorporated the perspectives of curricular proposals transformation for the High School and the theoretical changes of the Brazilian Physical Education. Methodologically the work was based on a qualitative approach characterized as a descriptive- comparative research. The technique of discourse analysis was employed in the speech of research collaborators having as categories of analysis the professional activities time in the institution; The ratio of official use of the assumptions to the pedagogical practice of Physical Education in IFRN; The sport in the education process of students and The Prospects of Physical Education in the current configuration of IFRN. The data analysis allowed us to infer that the theoretical methodology of pedagogical practice of Physical Education in IFRN need to be reformulated and that it is necessary a contextualization with the curricular principles of the political institutional pedagogical project and with the Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary Education. The teaching experience developed in the Mossoro s Campus was contextualized with the national curriculum guidelines for secondary education and the theoretical changes of the Brazilian Physical Education. We conclude that it is necessary a collective action of the group of teachers to transform the educational profile of Physical Education of IFRN, beyond the institutional support to be able to consolidate the physical education curriculum component in the current dimensions of society, human being, education, science, technology and work, proposed by the philosophical principles and epistemological political project of IFRN educational

Inclusão e deficiência: em busca das representações sociais na mídia impressa em Natal/RN

This thesis is the result of an extensive research on print media discourse on the inclusion of disabled people in society. Articles published in the newspapers Diário de Natal/O Poti and Tribuna do Norte from 1992 to 2002 have been analyzed. Beginning with the very same questions that moved Moscovici (1978) in his classic study La Psychalyse son image et son public , according to which the media play a predominant role in the formation and propagation of social representations as well as in the construction of human behaviors, we have chosen this mass media as our investigation field. Understanding the importance of the communication theory, we intend to associate it to the social representation theory, since communication, as an aspiration, relates to the fundamentals of all humanity (WOLTON, 2004, p. 56). Moreover, means of communication represent an important space for symbolic production and representational process, allowing the analysis of the circulating discourses on social inclusion and disability. Based on these questions, we have determined social representations present in print media on the subject to be our study object. This objective was elected due to the fact that the thematic of disability and inclusion is scarcely and sporadically found in journalistic speech. The research questions have been: which is the representation of disabled people s condition in print media? What changes have occurred during the analyzed period and which was the role played by print media in this process? The research corpus was composed of newspaper articles about various aspects concerning disability and of free word association by reporters. We have analysed: 1) graphical language promoted by the picture of the substances propagated in the period from 1992 a 2002; 2) free word association experiments carried out with reporters of both newspapers; and 3) texts published from 1996 to 1997 using the high-tech program ALCESTE (Contextual Lexical Analysis of a Set of Segments of Texts). The results revealed that the print media in Natal/RN refer to the topic in a discontinuous way, and depend on specific events to highlight disabled people s fight for their rights. Social inclusion is still a great challenge for these people in all levels. We believe that this incapacity to overcome all kinds of obstacles is established in a dialectic relation between society and the media: society remains silent (the manifestation of interest for the cause only attracts some people s or groups attention) and the media, which selects which information is to be broadcasted, gives no evidence to the issue. This representation may be noticed in the infrequency in which articles about the subject are published, as well as in the emphasis to sports, a more important issue for the media. An implication of this study is that a new perspective is opened for analysis and reflection: the Paralympics games as both an inclusive and a segregating social phenomenon. It would be beautiful to have all of us together!

Conhecimentos sobre o corpo: uma possibilidade de intervenção pedagógica nas aulas de educação física no ensino médio

The following study aims at the main conceptions around the body and the learning through physical education classes at school. Therefore, this research mainly presents a proposal of pedagogical intervention on physical education for Ensino Médio, centered on the knowledge about the body as well as how to evaluate the impacts of such interventions on the students‟ learning process. In order to surround our field of investigation, this work elaborates the following study questions: a) What have students learned about the body in physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN? b) What methodological possibilities can contribute on the experience of meaningful learning processes in physical education in Ensino Médio related to the knowledge of body aspects? Regarding to the methodology used, this ethnographic research used several instruments for data collecting like dairies, diagnostic activities, self-assessment evaluations, portfolio, filming, photographs and posts on the social network facebook. The materialization of the pedagogical intervention and all of its implications allow us to consider that the physical education classes in Ensino Médio at IFRN, campus Parnamirim have supported meaningful experiences of learning. Also they motivate relevant discussions applicable to the students‟ everyday lives once they are supported by discussions related to the influence of media about the body of teenagers, the irregular use of steroids, massaging as a possibility of body relaxation. Also, we point out that the students had the chance to experience body activities which crossed the limits of physical education classes‟ hegemony at school, such as indoor soccer, dodgeball, volleyball, basketball and handball. Thus, the students could experience body activities beyond the limits of most common sports, which started several discussions about the juvenile universe and culture. Beside the professional and personal importance of this work, we list the scientific relevance for the production of knowledge on the educational field once the number of Works about the knowledge of the body are still only a few. This study is mainly about alternative body practices. Therefore, we consider that the knowledge about the body can and must be studied not only through alternative practices, but also in different approaches which can be attributed to body running phenomenon. Finally, we believe that the discussions hereby motivated about the matter are far from being enough, so we deliver our intention in deepening this study on forthcoming researches about the knowledge of the body in the field of physical education in Ensino Médio

A autoavaliação institucional na Escola Municipal Estudante Emmanuel Bezerra: construindo uma dinâmica de participação

This project was based on an implemented investigation of the institutional self-evaluation at Municipal Emmanuel Bezerra school, located at the west zone of Natal capital in Rio Grande do Norte state, where school individuals were analysed in interaction. A qualitative research was taken under the use of several pieces of information and collected out of several sources, such as: managing, docent and administrative staff interviews; present school legislation, political pedagogical project, scholar regiment as well as the 2013 action plans documental analyses; and the literature review focused in books and articles which treats of evaluation, State Evaluator and the public educational politics in order to promote the dialogue between school theory and reality. The institutional evaluation has been the theme debated through several studies. However, with its major focus on the evaluation systems and High Education aiming to raise competition having implying the reaching of educational quality as justification under liberal view. Notwithstanding, over the controlling function of the educational results and competition trigger amongst the educational institutions to the accruement of the received resources, it is believed that this institutional evaluation, however the system, can assist in the educational services improvement offered to the local public, when endeavoured to the purpose of supporting human development. Having the obtained data, the self-evaluation process implemented at the concerned school, the conceptions which permeate the school environment as well as the community joining given in this object lesson, was described and analysed as dialoguing with the political pedagogical project and comprehending the constitution in a democratic management

Ginástica rítmica: um concerto para o corpo

As características adquiridas pela GR desde a sua origem fomentaram a criação de infinitas possibilidades de movimento. O sentido estético que busca o belo ginástico, o vínculo inabalável com a música, o entrelaçamento com a dança, a busca por formas inusitadas e especialmente tramadas, configuram esse esporte aberto a diferentes interpretações. Esse estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o corpo na GR a partir do seu entrelaçamento com a técnica, a arte e a cultura, além de ampliar a discussão sobre os esportes considerados artísticos no universo da Educação Física. Para tanto, utilizamos a Pesquisa Qualitativa com suporte na Fenomenologia segundo Merleau-Ponty e através da redução fenomenológica e da hermenêutica como modalidade da fenomenologia, utilizada para descrever, compreender e interpretar vídeos de conjuntos de GR simples e misto, selecionados intencionalmente. A escolha dos conjuntos deu se em virtude da relação possível com os conceitos abordados nesse estudo, além da sua representatividade no universo ginástico, principalmente na prova em questão. Limitamos as escolhas coreográficas ao ciclo olímpico 2009 a 2012, por corresponder ao período onde os critérios para a elaboração e avaliação das composições estavam sedimentados. Para favorecer o entendimento do tema elencado dividimos o texto em três capítulos que tratam prioritariamente de cada um dos conceitos básicos que são entrelaçados ao corpo na GR: a técnica, a arte e a cultura. Nas considerações finais, respondemos as questões de estudo e reatamos a configuração essencial à GR como modalidade diferenciada no mundo esportivo

Reflexões sobre o dito e o feito nas intervenções pedagógicas no Programa Segundo Tempo

Ao longo desta pesquisa, defendemos que projetos sociais como o Programa Segundo Tempo podem ampliar seus objetivos e ações interventivas para além da inclusão social de pessoas excluídas socialmente do acesso a direitos sociais, considerando esses espaços também como promotores de possibilidades educativas. Dialogamos com diversos autores da área da Educação, da Educação Física e das Ciências Sociais, para fortalecer nossos argumentos. Nesse sentido, nossa proposta de pesquisa orientou-se pelo método de pesquisa ação e pelas estratégias e técnicas de pesquisa que o apoiam, desenvolvendo uma proposta de intervenção e acompanhamento sistemático caracterizado basicamente pela realização de seminários e ciclos de observação da prática pedagógica dos monitores e coordenadores de núcleo do PST no convênio da Prefeitura Municipal de Riacho da Cruz, a fim de contribuir para processos de tomada de consciência e mudanças na prática pedagógica que se apresentassem indesejáveis às orientações teóricas e metodológicas do PST. Para tanto, buscamos analisar os problemas da transição das orientações teóricas e metodológicas do PST e contribuir para essa transição por meio de acompanhamento pedagógico sistemático. Partimos de uma questão de estudo que não se encerra em si mesma, mas que foi constantemente alimentada por novas problemáticas e objetivos emergidos do campo empírico durante a pesquisa: quais são os limites e possibilidades encontrados pelos monitores e coordenadores de núcleo do PST para aplicar as orientações teóricas e metodológicas nos núcleos do programa? Os resultados demonstraram que as principais limitações enfrentadas pelos recursos humanos do convênio da Prefeitura Municipal de Riacho da Cruz para aplicar as orientações do PST são: não formação específica na área de Educação Física ou Esporte; experiências de trabalho com o ensino do esporte anteriores ao trabalho no PST, insuficientes ou inexistentes; fragilidades no processo de capacitação segundo modelo do PST que não possibilitaram mais exemplos de experiências para o ensino do esporte nos núcleos; e fragilidades no formato de acompanhamento pouco assíduo realizado pela Equipe Colaboradora. Sobre as possibilidades para superação desse quadro encontramos, justamente na participação e envolvimento do próprio grupo sujeito em tentar minimizar essas limitações, buscando na proposta de acompanhamento pedagógico por seminários e ciclos de observações das atividades desenvolvidas, uma alternativa importante para a resolução das situaçõesproblemas emergidas nesta pesquisa. Desse modo, o sucesso da proposta desenvolvida nos levou a algumas conclusões, dentre as quais está a de que o sucesso do PST não reside somente na cobrança da especificidade da área ou grau de formação dos monitores e coordenadores de núcleo que lidam com o trabalho pedagógico nos núcleos dos convênios, mas na realização de um acompanhamento mais assíduo das Equipes Colaboradoras aos núcleos, que possibilite maiores momentos de troca de experiências entre as Equipes Colaboradoras do PST e o recursos humanos, inclusive considerando as variantes de contexto, estreitando assim a relação teoria e prática no PST. Por fim, reconhecemos as limitações do nosso estudo, o que abre perspectivas para futuras reformulações, mas esperamos contribuir para a interface estabelecida entre as áreas de Educação Física e Ciências Sociais, ampliando os conhecimentos relativos à prática pedagógica em projetos sociais

Trajetória profissional e rupturas epistemológicas na educação física e na atuação do professor

This dissertation is the result of concerns with the theoretical-methodological and pedagogical learning processes occurred in the practice of physical education in school, which accompany me since the initial training, when I experienced learning in a piecemeal fashion, focused on technicality and sportivization. In order to better qualify the pedagogical interventions of physical education in school, I have always been worried on applying what I received at the University, but the routine of classes was always demanding others doings. In this sense, there were many moments of epistemological ruptures occurred in my training, in which I always sought new investment in training to account for the provision of a more humanistic and grounded in real educational precepts physical education. To that end I had to reflect on the pedagogical interventions throughout my training, in order not to carry out the activities as heavy doings, but as metamorphoses of knowledge and thus generating learning for students. Thus, this dissertation fits into this context with the overall goal of discussing my professional career, considering the epistemological ruptures of Physical Education, occurred in my training and expertise. The objective is also to identify the contributions of these formations in professional activities, centered on storytelling and reflection of significant experiences in the teaching of sports and Physical Education. We highlight the paradigm shifts, leaving the gymnastic methods, through dance-physical education method, psychomotor, reaching the contemporary critical theories experienced from the culture of movement as well as its implications for professional practice. We chose a qualitative research, using the autobiographical method, using as sources or techniques, narratives, photographic recording and video samples. In the studies within the area of education, for the most part, qualitative research came to oppose the positivist view of the quantification on analysis of social phenomena. New ideas were appearing in order to present innovative perspectives to understand the real. The survey data will be presented in narrated form (descriptive), analyzed based on the theoretical framework that guides the study, especially authors who discuss school physical education, vocational training and body conception. We believe our study may be of relevance for training in Physical Education that as from pedagogical reflections in certain historical realities, envisions being able to open new perspectives for the performance of other physical education teachers

Efeito da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua anódica sobre o controle do movimento em para-halterofilistas

Introduction: The sport practiced by people with disabilities has been growing in recent years. Consequently, advances in assessment and training methods have emerged. However, the paralympic sport keeps in tow these advances, with few specific studies that consider disability as intervening factor. The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique that has proven to be capable of modulating brain function. Studies show beneficial effects of tDCS on muscle strength, power and fatigue during exercise. Objective: Investigate de the effect of tDCS on movement control in para-powerlifters. Methods: Eight subjects underwent two sessions of motion capture, which previously applied the anodic tDCS or sham sessions in the cerebellum. Three movements were performed with increasing load between 90-95% of 1MR. The movements were recorded by an 10 infrared cameras system which reconstructed the 3D trajectory of markers placed on the bar. Results: There have been changes between the anodic and sham conditions over bar level (initial, final, maximum during the eccentric and concentric phase) and in the difference between the final and initial bar level. Moreover, there was difference in bar level (final and during the eccentric phase) comparing athletes amputees and les autres. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that tDCS applied prior to the exercise over the cerebellum in para-powerlifters acts differently according to disability

Consorciação e plantas daninhas afetando a produtividade e a qualidade de sementes de sorgo

This research aimed to study competition effects of legumes intercropping and weeds on seeds yield and quality of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. The experiment was carried out in a Rhodic Nitisol, under field condition in Botucatu region, São Paulo State, Brazil. Ten treatments were tested: sorghum (cv. A-6304) intercropped with Dolichos lablab L., Mucuna aterrima (Piper et Tracy) Holland, Canavalia ensiformis D. C. or Crotalaria juncea L., that were sown in the same time of sorghum or 20 days after the sorghum sowing, and sorghum weed-free and sorghum without weeding. The experimental design employed was the completely randomized blocks with four replications. There were evaluated sorghum seeds yield and some characteristcs of seed quality: purity, hectolitric weight, 1000 seeds weight, insect infestation, germination and vigor (by first counting of germination test and accelerated ageing test). The competition caused by legumes intercropping and weeds affected the yield and the physical and physiological characteristics of sorghum seeds, but the intensity of prejudicial effects depended on the time and the species of legume intercropping.

Efeito da época de semeadura nas relações de interferência entre uma comunidade infestante e a cultura do amendoim

A presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da época de semeadura sobre os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do amendoim-rasteiro (Arachis hypogaea cv. IAC Runner 886). Dois experimentos foram instalados em épocas diferentes - início de novembro e de dezembro de 2005 em áreas vizinhas e provenientes de reforma de canavial, no município de Jaboticabal, SP, num solo de textura média. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos constituídos por períodos crescentes de convivência ou de controle das plantas daninhas com as plantas de amendoim. As plantas daninhas que se destacaram em importância relativa, na primeira e segunda épocas, foram Ipomoea triloba, Digitaria nuda, Hyptis lophanta e Sida spp. A comunidade infestante e a cultura foram influenciadas pela época de semeadura, modificando suas relações de interferência. Os valores de acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea das plantas daninhas na segunda época superaram em 23,7% os encontrados na primeira época durante todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura, refletindo, principalmente, em redução de produtividade de vagens de amendoim. Admitindo 5% de tolerância na redução da produtividade de vagens, verificou-se que o período anterior à interferência (PAI) na primeira época foi de 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), e o período total de interferência (PTPI), de 78 DAE, com redução de produtividade de 53,5%. Na segunda época, os efeitos da convivência da comunidade infestante com a cultura foram mais drásticos, pois afetaram com maior intensidade a produtividade da cultura, reduzindo-a em 86%, com PAI de 33 DAE e PTPI de 93 DAE. Quando no limpo, durante todo o ciclo da cultura, o amendoim semeado mais cedo (início de novembro) apresentou produtividade de vagens maior, superando em 23,7% o semeado um mês mais tarde.

Growth and antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid according to energy or nitrogen source

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com diferentes fontes de energia e de compostos nitrogenados sobre o crescimento e produção de bacteriocinas de bactérias ácido-láticas in vitro. As incubações foram conduzidas utilizando-se fluido ruminal originado de um novilho Holandês-Zebu fistulado no rúmen. O animal foi mantido em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens recebendo 200 g/dia de proteína bruta suplementar. Os substratos e o inóculo foram acondicionados em frascos de vidro considerando-se oito tratamentos: celulose, celulose e caseína, celulose e peptona de soja, celulose e ureia, amido, amido e caseína, amido e peptona de soja e amido e ureia. Incubações sucessivas foram conduzidas para seleção dos microrganismos em função das fontes energéticas e de compostos nitrogenados. O amido favoreceu o crescimento de bactérias ácido-láticas em comparação à celulose. A suplementação com proteína verdadeira (peptona de soja e caseína) estimulou o crescimento dessas bactérias em comparação ao controle (sem suplementação com compostos nitrogenados). A adição de ureia não estimulou o crescimento de bactérias ácido-láticas. Nenhuma atividade antimicrobiana foi detectada a partir das colônias de bactérias ácido-láticas isoladas. Fontes de proteína verdadeira incrementam a competição entre bactérias fermentadoras de carboidratos estruturais e não-estruturais.