Trabalho infantil e o status ocupacional dos pais

Child labor and the parents' status of employment. The objective of this paper is to verify the hypothesis of the effect of the status of employment of the head of the family on the occurrence of child labor, as well as to analyze other characteristics which can influence such behavior. A probit model was used to realize the statistical tests. The results ratify the hypothesis proposed that the families whose head works as an independent worker show higher probability for the occurrence of child labor than those whose head works as a formal salaried worker. Among other results, it must be highlighted, making simulations, that increasing parents' schooling is more efficient than augmenting income to reduce the use of child labor. These results endorse the proposition that the status of employment should be used, complementing the criteria of income per capita, to select families in the cash transfers programmes or others to eradicate child labor.

Desempenho recente do mercado de trabalho brasileiro: 1992-2005

Recent behavior of the Brazilian labor market: 1992-2005. This study aims at describing the behavior of the Brazilian labor market between 1992 and 2005. This period comprises significant changes in the economic scenario, in the midst of the process of opening the economy to adjust to the prevailing international economic order. In the one hand, the paper focuses on the time evolution of the main labor market indicators, trying to identify trends and stylized facts. On the other, it emphasizes aspects related to spatial patterns, particularly in terms of the metropolitan versus non-metropolitan behavior.

Fluxo de empregos, fluxo de trabalhadores e fluxo de postos de trabalho no Brasil

Job flows, workers flows and employment flows in Brazil. The labor market is in constant flux. When measuring labor market mobility, it is usual to estimate labor market flow statistics, such as worker reallocation and job reallocation. The goal of this paper is to present previously unknown within plant job reallocation statistics for Brazil. The within plant job reallocation is measured as changes in the occupational mix of the plant. The within plant job reallocation allows a decomposition of worker turnover decomposition into matching, technological change and labor demand factors. Using formal labor market data for Brazil, from 1996 to 2001, our results suggest that technological change accounted for a limited share of worker turnover. More than a quarter of worker turnover can be attributed to labor demand shifts and more than 50% of worker turnover is due to matching.

A relação capital-trabalho na economia do conhecimento

Capital-labor relations in the knowledge economy. The knowledge economy arises by the promotion of abstract and cooperative labor. This social labor is a product of intellectual and linguistic energy, which leads to mutations about capital accumulation and capital labor relations.

Para medir as desigualdades raciais no mercado de trabalho

Measuring racial inequalities in the labor market. How much racial inequality is there in Brazilian labor market? What has been the impact of the latest transformations in work relations on it? Can we compare the Brazilian situation to other countries? These questions don't have today an objective answer. This is due, mostly, to the absence of measures which could allow us to make long term and regional comparisons of different racial inequalities situations. Our proposal is to provide new indicators to evaluate racial inequalities in both the occupational and income structure in Brazil. Our results show that whites/non-whites gaps widened since the 1980s. They allow us to affirm, in addition, that racial inequalities are today worst in Brazil than in countries that adopted affirmative action laws to fight discrimination.

Mudança estrutural e mercado de trabalho no Brasil

Structural changes and labor market in Brazil. In the present article, we attempt to identify the sources of the changes in the labor schooling level in the three main sectors of the Brazilian economy: manufacturing, services and agriculture. It was verified that, despite the changes in the product and employment among sectors, mainly in the 1990s, the relative demands for qualified workers has not experimented significant changes. Moreover, in the periods in which schooling has increased more, the workers' wage has decreased more. This fact suggests that the increase in labor qualification was mainly due to the increase of this factor supply. The structural changes had contributed, in general, in a marginal and negative way to labor force level of qualification demand in all the three sectors.

Valores-trabalho, preços de reprodução e renda da terra

Labor values, reproduction prices and land rent. The paper analyses the determination of labor values and reproduction prices, including economic systems with joint production and systems with intensive land rent. The discussion is based on very simple numeric examples, avoiding that the mathematical complications hinder the comprehension of basic questions of Marxist economic theory.

Racionalidade e controle nos processos sociais notas para um plano de trabalho

O autor expõe etapas que julga necessárias para o exame de modernas teorias a respeito das transformações econômicas, sociais e culturais da história brasileira. Por outro lado, esse movimento visaria investigar os fundamentos epistemológicos de tais "explicações do Brasil". O texto corresponde, insiste-se, a um plano de trabalho.

O "primeiro" Habermas: "trabalho e interação" na evolução emancipatória da humanidade

O objetivo deste artigo consiste em examinar a obra do primeiro Habermas, anterior à virada lingüística, localizada a partir dos estudos preparatórios à Teoria da ação comunicativa. Pretende-se investigar o ensaio "Trabalho e interação", de 1967, no qual Habermas, discutindo com Lukács, procura legitimar sua concepção de história como evolução emancipatória do homem enquanto ser genérico a partir de textos de Hegel, do período de Iena, até mesmo sugerindo uma releitura do jovem Marx.

O trabalho do negativo: linguagem e ontologia em Saussure e Merleau-Ponty

Este ensaio aplica o conceito de grandeza negativa, de Kant e Fichte, à filosofia da linguagem de Merleau-Ponty, reabrindo o diálogo com Saussure a partir da descoberta, em 1996, dos Écrits de Linguistique Generale, em uma Orangerie de Genebra. Valendo-se do último curso de Merleau-Ponty em vida, sobre A Origem da Geometria, de Husserl, trata-se de realçar o trabalho do negativo na linguagem, iluminado a partir de um refinado cruzamento: Merleau-Ponty (filosofia) e Saussure (linguística).