ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR OF N-METHYL-N'-HEXADECYLVIOLOGEN MONOLAYERS ON SILVER ELECTRODES - EFFECTS OF COUNTERIONS

N-Methyl-N'-hexadecylviologen (C16MV) has been the subject of several electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies which characterized the species present in various redox states for C16MV monolayers on silver electrode surfaces. Both self-assembled monolayers (SA) and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) transferred systems have been studied. These indicated inconsistencies regarding the presence or absence of splitting of the first reduction peak in its cyclic voltammogram (CV). The present study demonstrates the important influence of the specific anionic species present in the supporting electrolyte. Splitting may or may not take place, depending on the size and relative strength of the adsorption of specific anions contributed by the supporting electrolyte. Small, strongly adsorbing anions such as iodide produced peak splitting in the CV of C16MV monolayers; bulky but weakly adsorbing anions such as perchlorate may disrupt the ordered structure of monolayers but produce no splitting. Ancillary data provided by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was consistent with the electrochemical measurements.

生物碱类药物的液/液界面电化学研究

本文用循环伏安法(CV)和循环线扫电流计时电位法(CLC)研究了生物碱类药物盐酸麻黄碱及d-氯化筒箭毒碱在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为,论证了界面转移机制,估算了与界面行为有关的参数。

氯化物熔盐中Nd~(3+)在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学行为

本文利用循环V-A法(CV)研究了Nd~(3+)在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学反应动力学。结果表明,Nd~(3+)在Ga电极上的还原是分步进行的。第一步在较高的电位扫描速度下为扩散控制的可逆电荷传递反应,即Nd~(3+)+e?Nd~(2+);在电位扫描速度较低时,随后的化学反应为第一步反应的控制步骤,即Nd~(3+)+e?快Nd~(2+)+mCl→慢NdCl_m~(2-m)。第二步为不可逆的电荷传递反应,即沉积的金属Nd与Ga合金化,Nd~(2+)+2e→Nd(Ga)。估算了该反应的标准反应速度常数为7.0×10~(-3)cm/s。

胆碱类药物的液液界面电化学研究

用循环线性电流扫描计时电位法(CLC)、循环伏安法(CV)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了五种胆碱类药物在水/硝基苯界面(W/NB)上的转移行为.在水相溶液呈碱性时,观察到了伴有不可逆水解反应的相转移过程.讨论了药物结构中的取代基效应,并依据离子转移的标准 Gibbs 能△_o~wG_(tr)~o 度量了取代基的疏水性效应及药物的脂溶性.

化学修饰电极的研究在电化学聚合的钴原卟啉薄膜电极上氧还原反应的电催化和动力学

用循环伏安法(CV),旋转圆盘和环盘电极(RDE和RRDE)研究了电化学聚合的钴原卟啉二甲酯薄膜玻碳电极〔聚(CoPP)/GC〕对氧还原反应的电催化和动力学。在不同pH缓冲溶液中,在聚(CoPP)/GC电极上氧的还原反应主要为二电子还原为H_2O_2的过程。实验表明,当聚(CoPP)薄膜在玻碳(GC)表面的覆盖度(Γ)大于6×10~(10)mol/cm~2时,催化反应受聚(CoPP)薄膜内电荷传输过程控制;当Γ值小于6×10~(-10)mol/cm~2时,受聚(CoPP)与氧分子间的催化反应速率控制。随电位负移,i_k,ΚΓ,n和K值均增加;随Γ值或溶液pH增加,i_k,ΚΓ和K值减小,而n值略有增加。

ReO_4~-、IO_4~-、MnO_4~-在水/硝基苯界面上转移过程的伏安法研究

本文用循环伏安法研究了Re0_4~-L、102、MnO_4~-等过氧酸根阴离子在水/硝基苯界面上的转移过程,详细研究了各种条件对转移离子行为的影响.三种离子均表现为可逆离子转移过程。转移过程CV峰电流与水相中阴离子的浓度成线性关系,据此可进行ReO_4~-、TO_4~-、MnO_4~-的测定,并且有用液/液界面电化学方法监测IO_4~-的氧化还原反应的意义。

RESEARCHES ON CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODES - ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF 1-12 PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC HETEROPOLY ANION FILM MODIFIED ELECTRODE

A monolayer of 1:12 phosphomolybdic anion (PMo_(12)) was modified electrochemically on a glassy carbon electrode and its electrochemical behavior was studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is shown that PMo_(12) film is adsoibed strongly on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes, H~+ ions in the solution plays an important role in the electrochemical processes of PMo_(12) film modified electrodes, whereas other anions, such as Cl~-, NO_3~-, SO_4~(2-), ClO_4~- and PO_4~(3-) etc., do not take par...

ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSFER OF 12-SILICOTUNGSTATE ANION ACROSS THE WATER NITROBENZENE INTERFACE

It has been firstly found by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry with linear current-scanning (CLC)that 12-silicotungstate anion (SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-)) with high charge numbers, large molecular volume and symmetric structure can cross

HE PHASE TRANSFER OF CO(II) CATALYZED BY 2,2 '-BIPYRIDINE AT THE WATER/NITROBENZENE INTERFACE

The chemical reactions coupled with the phase transfer of Co(Ⅱ) catalyzed by 2,2′ -bipyridine across the water/nitrobenzene interface have been observed by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Coupled chemical reactions both in the organic phase or in the aqueus phase influence the CV behavior of successive complex phase transfer obviously and an irreversible phenomenon similar to that existed at the metal electrode/electrolyte solution interface was observed. For different complexes, the phase transfer mechanism...

季铵酚离子在水/硝基苯界面的转移

油/水界面上的电化学研究是近年来电化学研究中的一个新领域,对膜电化学的发展具有重要意义。目前研究油/水界面电化学中普遍使用循环伏安(CV)法和循环线扫电流计时电位(CLC)法。有关抗生素在油/水界面的转移已有报导,本文用CLC法和CV法对肌肉松弛剂季铵酚离子在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为进行了研究。 所用三碘季铵酚为中国科学院生物化学研究所生产的化学试剂,其他试剂及仪器均与前文相同

12-硅钨酸根离子在水/硝基苯界面的电化学转移

用循环伏安(CV)法和线性循环扫描电流计时电位(CLC)法首次研究发现带有高价电荷、体积大和高对称性的12-硅钨酸根离子(SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-))可以在水/硝基苯界面进行电化学转移。SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-)离子的CV曲线的特征

C440/C540/Saf-T三元混合染料体系的荧光光谱研究

选择适当的混合染料溶液作为染料激光器的工作物质,近年来,已有一些文献报导,但大都局限于二元混合染料体系。对于三元混合染料体系国外也曾有过少量报导,诸如C102/R110/RB,C102/RB/CV,C2/C6/R6G,R6G/CV/NB等。或多或少地得到了三个波长

普鲁卡因在水/硝基苯界面的转移

本文用循环线扫电流计时电位(CLC)法及循环伏安(CV)法研究了局部麻醉药普鲁卡因在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为,同时根据转移电位和电流表达式计算出质子化普鲁卡因的标准转移电位,⊿_O~Wφ·转移自由能⊿G_(tr)~(OiW·O)和两相的分配系数及扩散系数。

An electrochemical DNA sensor based on electrodepositing aluminum ion films on stearic acid-modified carbon paste electrode and its application for the detection of specific sequences related to bar gene and CP4 Epsps gene

An electrochemical DNA biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing DNA probe on aluminum ion films that were electrodeposited on the surface of the stearic acid-modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). DNA immobilization and hybridization were characterized with cyclic voltammetry (CV) by using methylene blue (MB) as indicator. MB has a couple of well-defined voltammetric redox peaks at the CPE. The currents of redox peaks of MB decreased after depositing aluminum ion films on the CPE (Al(III)/CPE) and increased dramatically after immobilizing DNA probe (ssDNA/Al(III)/CPE). Hybridization of DNA probe led to a marked decrease of the peak currents of MB, which can be used to detect the target single-stranded DNA. The conditions for the preparation of Al(III)/CPE, and DNA immobilization and hybridization were optimized. The specific sequences related to bar transgene in the transgenic corn and the PCR amplification of CP4 epsps gene from the sample of transgenic roundup ready soybean were detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with this new electrochemical DNA biosensor. The difference between the peak currents of MB at ssDNA/Al(III)/CPE and that at hybridization DNA modified electrode (dsDNA/Al(III)/CPE) was applied to determine the Specific sequence related to the target bar gene with the dynamic range comprised between 1.0 X 10(-7) mol/L to 1.0 x 10(-4) mol/L. A detection limit of 2.25 x.10(-8) mol/L. of oligonucleotides can be estimated.

中华哲水蚤生殖和生长生态学研究

本文在实验室内研究了温度和饵料对中华哲水蚤的生殖和生长的影响，结果表明 1）中华哲水蚤雌体的产卵模式是间歇式的，但产卵和间歇的天数因个体而异。产卵时间为1～9天不等，最长为9天；间歇时间一般为1～2天，最长为5～6天。2）中华哲水蚤雌体的产卵量对食物变化的响应为3～5天，饥饿6天后不产卵，添加饵料3天后恢复产卵。饥饿降低了雌体的生殖力，饵料质量对产卵量有明显影响。3）孵化速度随着温度的降低而减慢，18.7 ℃时达到最大孵化率时间大约为25h；16.04 ℃时约为43.5h；7 ℃时约为93.4h；当卵在3.7 ℃时，孵化率仅达到13.9%。4）根据现有的结果，NI、NII的发育时间随着温度降低而延长，7.1 ℃、9.1 ℃、15.4 ℃下以卵到NIII的发育时间约为8-9、6-7、4.5天。5）以骨条藻为饵料的幼体发育时间明显比以三角褐指藻为饵料的发育时间短，尤其在NII、NIV其表现最为明显，其中以骨条藻为饵料的中华哲水蚤的世代时间为27天。中华哲水蚤整个幼体的生长时间是不“等时”的，其中NI和NII的发育时间较短，NIII和NIV的发育时间较长，NV－CII倾向于等时生长，CII－CV发育时间又开始延长，骨条藻为饵料的世代组中，CIII的发育时间最长。6）对中华哲水蚤整个幼体的发育来说，平均生长率基本随着发育期的增长而增大。平均生长率随着饵料组分的不同而不同。2000年6月至2001年5月，在野外主要调查了南黄海（鳀鱼产卵场）中华哲水蚤的产卵率和孵化率，一年该种的总平均产卵率春季最高，夏季次之，再者冬季，秋季最长。孵化率大小范围为（75％－100％），推测中华哲水蚤的交配行为是较成功的，所调配海域为中华哲水蚤提供了较好的食物资源。