Trastorno de estrés postraumático y crecimiento postraumático en niños y adolescentes afectados por el terremoto del año 2016 en Chile

Se estima que los niños y adolescentes se encuentran entre las personas más vulnerables a los efectos negativos de los desastres naturales. Los estudios de seguimiento de cohortes muestran que entre el 25% y el 60% de los niños ha sufrido un evento traumático significativo antes de llegar a la adultez. Siendo una de las mayores consecuencias, la sintomatología de Trastorno de Estrés postraumático (TEPT), (Osofsky et al., 2009; Yelland et al., 2010). Otra de las respuestas que puede surgir frente a la adversidad, es el Crecimiento Postraumático (CPT), el cual alude a un cambio positivo como resultado de un proceso de lucha a partir de un suceso traumático (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 1999; Cryder et al., 2006; Kilmer, 2009). Este estudio examina la sintomatología de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático y Crecimiento Postraumático en niños y adolescentes expuestos a un terremoto (uno de los diez más grandes del mundo) y tsunami ocurrido en Chile el año 2010, respecto a un grupo de comparación, 12 meses y 24 meses después del desastre...

Estudo das condutas antissociais e delitivas e esquemas de personalidade numa amostra de presidiários

The increase of crime in Brazilian society has attracted the interest of a growing number of scholars. In psychology, among the aspects studied for the understanding of antisocial and criminal behaviors, there is the personality, object of study of the different fields of this discipline, such as Cognitive Psychology. Thus, in this study, it was used the Young‟s Personality‟s Schemas theory, which considers that schemas are dysfunctional cognitive or emotional patterns that are constituted in the personality (Young et al., 2008). Moreover, for antisocial and criminal conducts, it was considered the Seisdedos‟ design, which says that the first one represents a violation of social rules, that doesn‟t cause serious harm to others, while the second one causes serious injury (Formiga & Gouveia, 2003). The research aimed mainly, to verify the existence of differences in means of responses to the Scale of Antisocial and Criminal Conducts and Young Schema Questionnaire for different crimes (theft, robbery, murder, rape and drug trafficking). For this purpose, the research was applied on a sample of 355 inmates. First, it was analyzed the reliability of the questionnaires, resulting in excellents reliabilities for this sample. There were significant differences between mean responses only for criminal conducts. The schemas that presented significant differences were: Emotional Deprivation, Social Isolation, Entitlement/Grandiosity and Dependence / Incompetence. The type of conduct and schema prevalent for each offense and total sample were also verified. Antisocial conduct prevailed for total sample and all the offences, except for robbery. Moreover, Self-sacrifice was prevalent for total sample and all the offenses.