Abuso de alcohol e intervención mediante habilidades sociales en estudiantes del colegio “Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza” Azogues-Ecuador

Identificar los casos de abuso de alcohol y desarrollar una estrategia de prevención mediante fortalecimiento de las habilidades sociales desde un enfoque cognitivo-conductual. Material y métodos: Se desarrolló un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo y de intervención. Se incluyó a 232 estudiantes matriculados en el colegio Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza, de la ciudad de Azogues, que aceptaron participar mediante el asentimiento informado y que no presentaban enfermedades físicas o mentales. Se aplicó el test Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) y los CAPs para evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y las prácticas. Se aplicó un programa psicoterapéutico con enfoque cognitivo-conductual para fortalecer las habilidades sociales de los estudiantes seleccionados, en 16 sesiones con los subtemas específicos, mediante talleres participativos y motivacionales. Resultados: Los 232 estudiantes tuvieron la edad media de 14.9 ± 2.07 años. El 47% sexo masculino y el 53% sexo femenino; Según el SRQ, el 23.3% (n=54) de estudiantes consumía alcohol con patrón que sugiere consumo problemático, los varones consumen más que las mujeres en relación 3 a 1. Con la estrategia de prevención de enfoque cognitivo-conductual se obtuvo cambios estadísticamente significativos en conocimientos y actitudes (p < 0.05), no así en el cambio de prácticas (p > 0.05). Conclusión: La prevalencia de abuso de alcohol en los estudiantes del colegio Ezequiel Cárdenas es más alto que el reportado en otros estudios. La intervención con enfoque cognitivo-conductual mediante fortalecimiento de habilidades sociales produjo mejoría en conocimientos y actitudes

Impacto de un programa educativo en los conocimientos sobre sexualidad de los estudiantes del Instituto Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza del cantón Azogues, lectivo 2006-2007

Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental con los estudiantes de 8vo, 9o. y 10o grados, del Instituto Ezequiel Cárdenas Espinoza de Azogues en el año lectivo 2006-2007, para determinar la magnitud de la modificación de conocimientos luego de la aplicación de un programa educativo sobre sexualidad a través de formularios anónimos y mediante un diseño antes y después. Se incluyeron las variables: edad, sexo, curso, con quienes vive, instrucción y ocupación de los padres, tiempo de compartir en el hogar y conocimientos sobre sexualidad SIDA e Infeccioners de Transmisión Sexual (ITS). Para analizar la modificación de conocimientos se dividió el cuestionario de 28 preguntas en tres secciones. Resultados. La edad promedio de los adolescentes fue de 12.8 ñ 0.8 años entre un rango de 11 a 14 años. El 51.4(n = 54) fueron mujeres y el 48.6(n = 51) fueron varones. En la sección I (n = 13) hubo un aumento significativo en el 84.6de las preguntas; en la sección II (n = 7) el aumento significativo fue del 71.4, y en la sección III (n = 8) el aumento significativo fue del 100. La media de respuestas correctas antes de la intervención fue del 48.8 ñ 38.3 y después de la intervención fue del 81.56 ñ 38.3 (p = 0.002). Conclusión. Un programa de intervención educativa sobre sexualidad en los adolescentes mejora significativamente los conocimientos

La Celestina en escena (1909-2012)

Como arte espectacular, cuyos productos son comunicados en el espacio y en el tiempo, el teatro requiere de un método de análisis focalizado tanto en el texto literario como en la puesta en escena; como práctica social y cultural, es también necesario comprender sus ámbitos de producción y recepción. Es por ello que la investigación académica en el ámbito del patrimonio teatral clásico español debe atender también a la historia y particularidades de su puesta en escena, no solamente en el período en que el texto vio la luz, sino también en épocas posteriores. En concreto, el estudio de su representación en los siglos XX y XXI es parcela todavía escasamente explorada. A pesar de que el género de La Celestina es aún hoy objeto de debate, la obra de Rojas se ha convertido desde el montaje de 1909 de la compañía Oliver-Cobeña (hasta el momento no se tiene noticia certera de representaciones de la trama completa anteriores a dicha versión) en uno de los clásicos con mayor presencia en las tablas a lo largo del siglo XX y en estos inicios del XXI. Si joven es la vida escénica de la obra de Rojas, el estudio de la misma está aún en pañales. A pesar de que contamos con algunos trabajos breves de relieve y con la importante y continuada atención al asunto dispensada por la revista Celestinesca, carecemos hasta la fecha de un trabajo extenso que aborde el tema en toda su complejidad, atendiendo a los múltiples factores en juego y elementos de la puesta en escena. En este trabajo nos proponemos reconstruir la presencia escénica de La Celestina en España en esta última centuria, desde una perspectiva integral que busca tener en cuenta tanto las principales características que asume la elaboración de las adaptaciones y montajes, como los contextos de producción y recepción de los mismos. La complejidad que presenta el estudio de la puesta en escena y la falta de consenso entre los investigadores a la hora de establecer un modelo fructífero de análisis han determinado que el primer capítulo se dedique a discutir los principales problemas que afronta quien decide acercarse al mundo de la representación de los clásicos en general y de La Celestina en particular. De esta manera, se abordan temas como el concepto de fidelidad y la relación entre texto dramático y representación, y entre texto original y adaptado. También se ofrece un breve repaso por la historia de la investigación sobre puesta en escena para justificar la metodología elegida para el caso de la obra de Rojas...

Estado de las enfermedades raras que cursan con discapacidad intelectual en Colombia

Las enfermedades raras o huérfano son una problemática que ha tomado mucha importancia en el contexto mundial del presente siglo, estas se han definido como crónicas, de difícil tratamiento de sus síntomas y con baja prevalencia en la población; muchas de estas enfermedades cursan con varios tipos de discapacidad, siendo el objetivo del presente trabajo el enfocarse en aquellas enfermedades raras que cursan con discapacidad intelectual. Para poder profundizar en estas enfermedades se realizó una revisión teórica sobre las enfermedades raras, así como de la discapacidad psíquica y su importancia a nivel mundial y nacional. A partir de estas definiciones, se revisaron en profundidad 3 enfermedades raras que cursan con discapacidad intelectual en el contexto colombiano, como son: el síndrome de Rett, el síndrome de Prader-Willi y el síndrome de X frágil. En cada una de estas enfermedades además se explicaron los tipos de diagnóstico, intervención, prevención, grupos de apoyo y tipos de evaluación que más se usan en el contexto nacional

Entrevista al Dr. Ramon Garrabou

Resumen En esta entrevista el DR. Garrabou aborda diferentes tópicos de la historia económica en general y de la historia agraria en particular. Abstract In this interview DR. Garrabou discusses various topics within economic history in general and agrarian history in particular.

Mapa de amenazas naturales potenciales: Hoja Coronado

Mapa de ubicación de amenazas naturales, con el objetivo de apoyar el proceso de prevención contra desastres naturales en el nivel local.

Management of sharps in ambulance care : a state-wide survey of paramedic knowledge and reported practice

Paramedics are at high risk of exposure to infectious diseases because they frequently undertake procedures such as the use and disposal of sharps as components of everyday practice. While the literature demonstrates that the management of sharps is problematic across all health disciplines, there is a paucity of research examining sharps management practices in the Australian pre-hospital paramedic context. This study examines knowledge and practices of sharps control among paramedics in Queensland, Australia. A mail survey focusing on infection control knowledge and practices was sent to all clinical personnel of the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) (N = 2274). A total of 1258 surveys were returned, a response rate of 55.3%. Participants responded to 12 true/false statements on the management of sharps and three questions about recapping practices. Most respondents were knowledgeable about the correct management of sharps, with a mean of 11.28 (out of 12, SD = 1.32). When gauging reported practices, more than half (59.1%, n = 736) of participants reported recapping a needle, and 38.5% (n = 479) reported never having done so. These results reflect good knowledge of general management of sharps among respondents, but suggest deficits regarding reported practices. The results suggest that a comprehensive ambulance in-service education programme focusing particularly on sharps management is required. The study highlights the need for further research on sharps management practices in the field, identification of barriers to safe sharps practices in pre-hospital settings, and 'best practice' for translating good sharps management knowledge into practice.

Paramedic knowledge of infectious disease aetiology and transmission in an Australian Emergency Medical System

Introduction: Paramedics and other emergency health workers are exposed to infectious disease particularly when undertaking exposure-prone procedures as a component of their everyday practice. This study examined paramedic knowledge of infectious disease aetiology and transmission in the pre-hospital care environment.--------- Methods: A mail survey of paramedics from an Australian ambulance service (n=2274) was conducted.--------- Results: With a response rate of 55.3% (1258/2274), the study demonstrated that paramedic knowledge of infectious disease aetiology and modes of transmission was poor. Of the 25 infectious diseases included in the survey, only three aetiological agents were correctly identified by at least 80% of respondents. The most accurate responses for aetiology of individual infectious diseases were for HIV/AIDS (91.4%), influenza (87.4%), and hepatitis B (85.7%). Poorest results were observed for pertussis, infectious mononucleosis, leprosy, dengue fever, Japanese B encephalitis and vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE), all with less than half the sample providing a correct response. Modes of transmission of significant infectious diseases were also assessed. Most accurate responses were found for HIV/AIDS (85.8%), salmonella (81.9%) and influenza (80.1%). Poorest results were observed for infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria, shigella, Japanese B encephalitis, vancomycin resistant enterococcus, meningococcal meningitis, rubella and infectious mononucleosis, with less than a third of the sample providing a correct response.--------- Conclusions: Results suggest that knowledge of aetiology and transmission of infectious disease is generally poor amongst paramedics. A comprehensive in-service education infection control programs for paramedics with emphasis on infectious disease aetiology and transmission is recommended.

Compliance in peritoneal dialysis : a qualitative study of renal nurses

End-stage renal failure is a life-threatening condition, often treated with home-based peritoneal dialysis (PD). PD is a demanding regimen, and the patients who practise it must make numerous lifestyle changes and learn complicated biomedical techniques. In our experience, the renal nurses who provide mostPDeducation frequently express concerns that patient compliance with their teaching is poor. These concerns are mirrored in the renal literature. It has been argued that the perceived failure of health professionals to improve compliance rates with PD regimens is because ‘compliance’ itself has never been adequately conceptualized or defined; thus, it is difficult to operationalize and quantify. This paper examines how a group of Australian renal nurses construct patient compliance with PD therapy. These empirical data illuminate how PD compliance operates in one practice setting; how it is characterized by multiple and often competing energies; and how ultimately it might be pointless to try to tame ‘compliance’ through rigid definitions and measurement, or to rigidly enforce it in PD patients. The energies involved are too fractious and might be better spent, as many of the more experienced nurses in this study argue, in augmenting the energies that do work well together to improve patient outcomes.

Rethinking genre studies through distribution analysis : issues in international horror movie circuits

The existence of any film genre depends on the effective operation of distribution networks. Contingencies of distribution play an important role in determining the content of individual texts and the characteristics of film genres; they enable new genres to emerge at the same time as they impose limits on generic change. This article sets out an alternative way of doing genre studies, based on an analysis of distributive circuits rather than film texts or generic categories. Our objective is to provide a conceptual framework that can account for the multiple ways in which distribution networks leave their traces on film texts and audience expectations, with specific reference to international horror networks, and to offer some preliminary suggestions as to how distribution analysis can be integrated into existing genre studies methodologies.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Outbreak in Australia: Impact on Emergency Departments.

Executive summary Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the impact of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza on Australian Emergency Departments (EDs) and their staff, and to inform planning, preparedness, and response management arrangements for future pandemics, as well as managing infectious patients presenting to EDs in everyday practice. Methods This study involved three elements: 1. The first element of the study was an examination of published material including published statistics. Standard literature research methods were used to identify relevant published articles. In addition, data about ED demand was obtained from Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (DoHA) publications, with several state health departments providing more detailed data. 2. The second element of the study was a survey of Directors of Emergency Medicine identified with the assistance of the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM). This survey retrieved data about demand for ED services and elicited qualitative comments on the impact of the pandemic on ED management. 3. The third element of the study was a survey of ED staff. A questionnaire was emailed to members of three professional colleges—the ACEM; the Australian College of Emergency Nursing (ACEN); and the College of Emergency Nursing Australasia (CENA). The overall response rate for the survey was 18.4%, with 618 usable responses from 3355 distributed questionnaires. Topics covered by the survey included ED conditions during the (H1N1) 2009 influenza pandemic; information received about Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza; pandemic plans; the impact of the pandemic on ED staff with respect to stress; illness prevention measures; support received from others in work role; staff and others’ illness during the pandemic; other factors causing ED staff to miss work during the pandemic; and vaccination against Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Results: The results obtained from Directors of Emergency Medicine quantifying the impact of the pandemic were too limited for interpretation. Data sourced from health departments and published sources demonstrated an increase in influenza-like illness (ILI) presentations of between one and a half and three times the normal level of presentations of ILIs. Directors of Emergency Medicine reported a reasonable level of preparation for the pandemic, with most reporting the use of pandemic plans that translated into relatively effective operational infection control responses. Directors reported a highly significant impact on EDs and their staff from the pandemic. Growth in demand and related ED congestion were highly significant factors causing distress within the departments. Most (64%) respondents established a ‘flu clinic’ either as part of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Outbreak in Australia: Impact on Emergency Departments. the ED operations or external to it. They did not note a significantly higher rate of sick leave than usual. Responses relating to the impact on staff were proportional to the size of the colleges. Most respondents felt strongly that Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza had a significant impact on demand in their ED, with most patients having low levels of clinical urgency. Most respondents felt that the pandemic had a negative impact on the care of other patients, and 94% revealed some increase in stress due to lack of space for patients, increased demand, and filling staff deficits. Levels of concern about themselves or their family members contracting the illness were less significant than expected. Nurses displayed significantly higher levels of stress overall, particularly in relation to skill-mix requirements, lack of supplies and equipment, and patient and patients’ family aggression. More than one-third of respondents became ill with an ILI. Whilst respondents themselves reported taking low levels of sick leave, respondents cited difficulties with replacing absent staff. Ranked from highest to lowest, respondents gained useful support from ED colleagues, ED administration, their hospital occupational health department, hospital administration, professional colleges, state health department, and their unions. Respondents were generally positive about the information they received overall; however, the volume of information was considered excessive and sometimes inconsistent. The media was criticised as scaremongering and sensationalist and as being the cause of many unnecessary presentations to EDs. Of concern to the investigators was that a large proportion (43%) of respondents did not know whether a pandemic plan existed for their department or hospital. A small number of staff reported being redeployed from their usual workplace for personal risk factors or operational reasons. As at the time of survey (29 October –18 December 2009), 26% of ED staff reported being vaccinated against Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Of those not vaccinated, half indicated they would ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ not get vaccinated, with the main reasons being the vaccine was ‘rushed into production’, ‘not properly tested’, ‘came out too late’, or not needed due to prior infection or exposure, or due to the mildness of the disease. Conclusion: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza had a significant impact on Australian Emergency Departments. The pandemic exposed problems in existing plans, particularly a lack of guidelines, general information overload, and confusion due to the lack of a single authoritative information source. Of concern was the high proportion of respondents who did not know if their hospital or department had a pandemic plan. Nationally, the pandemic communication strategy needs a detailed review, with more engagement with media networks to encourage responsible and consistent reporting. Also of concern was the low level of immunisation, and the low level of intention to accept vaccination. This is a problem seen in many previous studies relating to seasonal influenza and health care workers. The design of EDs needs to be addressed to better manage infectious patients. Significant workforce issues were confronted in this pandemic, including maintaining appropriate staffing levels; staff exposure to illness; access to, and appropriate use of, personal protective equipment (PPE); and the difficulties associated with working in PPE for prolonged periods. An administrative issue of note was the reporting requirement, which created considerable additional stress for staff within EDs. Peer and local support strategies helped ensure staff felt their needs were provided for, creating resilience, dependability, and stability in the ED workforce. Policies regarding the establishment of flu clinics need to be reviewed. The ability to create surge capacity within EDs by considering staffing, equipment, physical space, and stores is of primary importance for future pandemics.

Compliance, normality and the patient on peritoneal dialysis

Monitoring and enhancing patient compliance with peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a recurring and problematic theme in the renal literature. A growing body of literature also argues that a failure to understand the patient's perspective of compliance may be contributing to these problems. The aim of this study was to understand the concept of compliance with PD from the patient's perspective. Using the case study approach recommended by Stake (1995), five patients on PD consented to in-depth interviews that explored the meaning of compliance in the context of PD treatment and lifestyle regimens recommended by health professionals. Participants also discussed factors that influenced their choices to follow, disregard, or refine these regimens. Results indicate that health professionals acting in alignment with individual patient needs and wishes, and demonstrating an awareness of the constraints under which patients operate and the strengths they bring to their treatment, may be the most significant issues to consider with respect to definitions of PD compliance and the development of related compliance interventions. Aspects of compliance that promoted relative normality were also important to the participants in this study and tended to result in greater concordance with health professionals' advice.

Fa'afaletui : a framework for the promotion of kidney health in an Australian Samoan community

Purpose Samoan communities in Australia exhibit a disproportionate rate of kidney disease compared with other Australians. This article describes a research project that used a culturally sensitive framework, Fa’afaletui, to help reduce the barriers of language and culture and increase our understanding of the factors contributing to kidney disease, in one Samoan community in Australia. Design Semistructured group interviews were undertaken with Samoan community families and groups. The interviews were analyzed according to key concepts embedded in the Fa’afaletui framework. Findings Four factors associated with health risks in this Samoan community emerged—diet and exercise; issues related to the collective (incorporating the village, church, and family); tapu or cultural protocols; and the importance of language. Conclusions The findings suggest that future kidney health promotion initiatives within this Samoan community will be more effective if they are sensitive to Samoan cultural norms, language, and context.