995 resultados para AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
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Audit report on the Muscatine Agricultural Learning Center for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended December 31, 2010
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The purpose of this review and analysis is to provide a basic understanding of the issues related to worldwide hypoxic zones and the range of economic questions sorely in need of answers. We begin by describing the causes and extent of hypoxic zones worldwide, followed by a review of the evidence concerning ecological effects of the condition and impacts on ecosystem services. We describe what is known about abatement options and cost effective policy design before turning to an analysis of the large, seasonally recurring hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico. We advance the understanding of this major ecological issue by estimating the relationship between pollutants (nutrients) and the areal extent of the hypoxic zone. This production function relationship suggests that both instantaneous and legacy contributions of nutrients contribute to annual predictions of the size of the zone, highlighting concerns that ecologists have raised about lags in the recovery of the system and affirms the importance of multiple nutrients as target pollutants. We conclude with a discussion of critical research needs to provide input to policy formation.
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Audit report on the Iowa Agricultural Development Authority for the year ended June 30, 2012
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Audit report on Americas Agricultural Industrial Heritage Landscape, Inc., d/b/a Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area and Silos and Smokestacks Natural Heritage Area Foundation in Waterloo, Iowa for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011
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Selostus: Maatalous- ja elintarviketieteiden www-pohjaiset viitetietokannat ja aihehakemistot - suomalaisen tiedonetsijn nkkulma
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Audit report on the Muscatine Agricultural Learning Center for the year ended December 31, 2012
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Audit report on the Iowa Agricultural Development Authority for the year ended June 30, 2013
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Selostus: Pelto- ja puutarhakasvien kylmnkestvyystutkimus Suomessa
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Ce travail de recherche dresse un panorama de l'tat du dveloppement des pratiques d'agriculture urbaine en Suisse et analyse le potentiel que celles-ci pourraient y dvelopper, compte tenu des particularits du contexte national. La dmarche adopte suit une logique allant du gnral au particulier, de la thorie la pratique, du descriptif vers l'analytique. Dans un premier temps, l'agriculture urbaine est aborde sous un angle conceptuel, comprenant un retour historique sur la relation ville-campagne et sur l'apparition rcente du terme d'agriculture urbaine, un tour d'horizon de la littrature sur le sujet, une revue de ses diverses approches scientifiques et la circonscription des enjeux de sa dfinition. Dans un deuxime temps, l'agriculture urbaine est envisage sous sa forme pratique, en Suisse comme l'tranger. En ressort un inventaire tendu de ses diffrents types de mises en application, auquel correspond un panel d'atouts identifis selon les trois versants du dveloppement durable : social, cologique et conomique. En troisime lieu les spcificits du contexte helvtique sont tudies afin de comprendre quel est le cadre dans lequel le potentiel de l'agriculture urbaine pourrait se dvelopper. Finalement, ce sont deux cas concrets d'agriculture urbaine qui sont analyss et valus dans les dtails, selon l'approche dite des rgimes institutionnels des ressources naturelles (RIRN): le plantage lausannois du quartier de la Bourdonnette et le Stadiongarten dans le quartier Kreis 5 Zurich. Au fil de cette recherche, il apparat que l'agriculture urbaine rvle toute une srie d'avantages en termes de dveloppement durable, alors mme que les villes suisses sont unanimement reconnues comme prsentant un dficit dans ce domaine. De mme, malgr les bienfaits importants que prsentent ses diverses pratiques, l'agriculture urbaine reste encore trs peu rpandue en Suisse, le concept lui-mme n'apparaissant que trs rarement dans le discours des pouvoirs publics. Le principal frein l'agriculture en ville est identifi comme tant le manque d'espace disponible dans les agglomrations, contrainte pourtant largement surmontable en y regardant de plus prs. De par sa configuration topographique, le territoire suisse est particulirement sujet une troite proximit entre espaces urbains et tendues agricoles, accroissant de ce fait la problmatique de l'talement urbain et du mitage du paysage. Parmi les enjeux de la lutte contre ces phnomnes concomitants, l'agriculture urbaine aurait un rle important jouer. En conclusion, une srie de recommandations sont proposes afin que les projets d'agriculture urbaine puissent se dvelopper et perdurer en Suisse. Abstract : This research paper provides an overview of the state of development of urban agriculture practices in Switzerland. It analyzes their potential of expansion while taking into account the particularities of the national context. The method follows a general to particular, theory to practice and descriptive to analytical reasoning. Firstly, urban agriculture is approached through a conceptual view, including a historical overview of the relationship between town and country and of the recent appearance of the term "urban agriculture". An outline of the literature on the subject, an examination of its various scientific approaches and riding issues of its definition are elaborated as well. In a second step, urban agriculture is considered in its practical form, both in Switzerland and abroad. From this we created an extensive inventory of various types of implementations which corresponds to a panel of assets identified according to the three aspects of sustainable development: social, ecology and economics. Thirdly the specificities of Swiss context are studied in order to understand the frame in which the potential of urban agriculture could be developed. Finally, two case studies of urban agriculture are analyzed and evaluated in detail, according to the so-called institutional regimes of natural resources (RIRN) approach: the "plantage" of the Bourdonnette neighborhood in Lausanne and the "Stadiongarten" in the Kreis 5 neighborhood in Zurich. Throughout this research, urban agriculture reveals a number of advantages in terms of sustainable development, even though the Swiss cities are unanimously recognized as having a deficit in this area. As well, despite the significant benefits that are its various practices, urban agriculture is still very uncommon in Switzerland, the concept itself appearing only rarely in public debates. The main obstacle to city agriculture is identified as the lack of available space in urban areas, however this constraint can easily be surpassed. By its topographical configuration, Switzerland is particularly prone to a close proximity between urban and agricultural spaces, thereby increasing the problems of urban sprawl. Among the stakes in the struggle against these interrelated phenomena, urban agriculture could play an important role. In conclusion, a series of recommendations are proposed so that urban agriculture projects can grow and persist in Switzerland.
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The overall objective of the work summarized in this report and in the interim report was to study the effects of targeted implement-of-husbandry loads. This report is to complement phase I of this work, which was summarized in the interim report, entitled Response of Iowa Pavements to Heavy Agricultural Loads (December 1999). The response of newly constructed Portland cement concrete (PCC) and asphalt cement concrete (ACC) pavements under semitruck, single-axle single-tire grain wagon, single-axle dual-tire grain wagon, tandem and tridem tank wagons were summarized in the interim report. Phase II of this project, presented herein, was to complete the study in terms of how tracked agricultural vehicles relate to the reference 20,000-pound single-axle semi-truck. In this report the response of these two pavements under a tracked grain wagon is documented.
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Iowa's county road system includes several thousands of miles of paved roads which consist of Portland cement concrete (PCC) surfaces, asphalt cement concrete (ACC) surfaces, and combinations of thin surface treatments such as seal coats and slurries. These pavements are relatively thin pavements when compared to the state road system and therefore are more susceptible to damage from heavy loads for which they were not designed. As the size of the average farm in Iowa has increased, so have the size and weights of implements of husbandry. These implements typically have fewer axles than a truck hauling the same weight would be required to have; in other words, some farm implements have significantly higher axle weights than would be legal for semi-trailers. Since stresses induced in pavements are related to a vehicle's axle weight, concerns have been raised among county and state engineers regarding the possible damage to roadway surfaces that could result from some of these large implements of husbandry. Implements of husbandry on Iowa's highway system have traditionally not been required to comply with posted weight embargo on bridges or with regulations regarding axle-weight limitations on roadways. In 1999, with House File 651, the Iowa General Assembly initiated a phased program of weight restrictions for implements of husbandry. To help county and state engineers and the Iowa legislature understand the effects of implements of husbandry on Iowa's county roads, the following study was conducted. The study investigated the effects of variously configured grain carts, tank wagons, and fence-line feeders on Iowa's roadways, as well as the possible mitigating effects of flotation tires and tracks on the transfer of axle weights to the roadway. The study was accomplished by conducting limited experimental and analytical research under static loading conditions
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This Executive Summary presents a brief summary of the main research report, "The Economics of Reducing the County Road System: Three Case Studies in Iowa" (DOT/OST/P-34/86-035). The case studies are described, as well as the analytic methodology and research findings.
