Plan of the children's camp and detail of pool on the grounds of the Chicago Tuberculosis Sanitarium; Chicago, Illinois

Yellow and black ink on linen. Pool, campfires, camp sites, cross-sections of grades. Signed. 103 cm. x 51 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Detail plan of the swimming pool. Property of Mr. Spencer Ewing; Bloomington, Illinois

Ink on linen. Plan, cross-sections, details of metal ladder, rail, drains, pool walls. Signed. 99 cm. x 75 cm. Scale varies [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Estate of Mr. Samuel Insull ...Drain and water supply plan for rose garden. Samuel Insull estate. February 1915.

Pencil, red, blue ink on linen; plans and cross-sections; notes; signed. 99 x 74 cm. Scale: 1” = 10 [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A planting plan for a portion of the estate of L. E. Myers. Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.

Ink on linen; location, type, amount of plantings for areas around residence and vegetable garden (central portion of Mye-2); cross-sections through garden; footpaths; planting list with type, size, quantity; signed. 135x69 cm. Scale: 1"=20' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Plan of athletic field showing grading and planting for the Oak Park and River Forest Township High School. [Oak Park, Illinois?] Revised December 1915

Pencil, red ink on tracing paper; plan and cross-sections; signed. 105x74 cm. Scale 1"=16' [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A topographical survey of the property for a subdivision.

Ink on linen; topo lines, elevations, trees; cross-sections of road drains and [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

A detail plan for the pool and garden on the grounds of Dr. Goethe Link.

Yellow, black ink on linen; plan, four cross-sections; unsigned; 102 x 83 cm.; Scales vary [from photographic copy by Lance Burgharrdt]

Is the association between late-life morbidity and disability attenuated over time? : Exploring the dynamic equilibrium of morbidity hypothesis

Context: There is evidence suggesting that the prevalence of disability in late life has declined over time while the prevalence of disabling chronic diseases has increased. The dynamic equilibrium of morbidity hypothesis suggests that these seemingly contradictory trends are due to the attenuation of the morbidity-disability link over time. The aim of this study was to empirically test this assumption.Methods: Data were drawn from three repeated cross-sections of SWEOLD, a population-based survey among the Swedish men and women ages 77 and older. Logistic regression models were fitted to assess the trends in the prevalence of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability, Instrumental ADL (IADL) disability, and selected groups of chronic conditions. The changes in the associations between chronic conditions and disabilities were examined in both multiplicative and additive models.Results: Between 1992 and 2011, the odds of ADL disability significantly declined among women whereas the odds of IADL disability significantly declined among men. During the same period, the prevalence of most chronic morbidities including multimorbidity went up. Significant attenuations of the morbidity-disability associations were found for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, poor lung function, psychological distress, and multimorbidity.Conclusion: In agreement with the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis, this study concludes that the associations between chronic conditions and disability among the Swedish older adults have largely waned over time.

Stratigraphic analysis of the southwestern quadrant of the Cedar Hills Regional Landfill: Incorporating recent borehole explorations and radiometric dating with previous investigations.

This report presents the results of stratigraphic analysis of the southwestern quadrant of the Cedar Hills Regional Landfill (CHRLF). My report was intended to incorporate the recent Area 8 borehole data into the pre-existing analyses. This analysis was conducted during the preparation of the Area 8 Hydrogeologic Report, but is my independent investigation and does not represent the opinion of UEC or their associates. The CHRLF, in Maple Valley, WA, south of Squak Mountain, is a municipal solid waste landfill that has been in operation since the 1960s. A network of borings, the product of previous investigations, exists for the study area. I utilized the compiled boring logs, previous investigations, and the recently acquired data to produce a series of interpretative cross-sections for the study area. I recognized 9 distinct stratigraphic units, including fill. My interpreted stratigraphic units are similar to those identified in previous investigations such as the Area 7 Hydrogeologic investigation (HDR Engineering and Associates, 2008). These units include pre-Olympia aged non-glacial alluvium, glacial alluvium, and glacial till. Additionally, younger, Vashon-aged deposits of glacial till, recessional outwash, recessional lacustrine, and ice-contact were observed. An isolated “till-like” deposit was observed below the Vashon till. This could possibly represent an older till as mapped by Sweet Edwards (1985) and Booth (1995). I cite the continuity of the lower contact of the Vashon till (Unit 5, Table 2) and the upper contact pre-Vashon non-glacial fluvial deposits (Unit 9, Table 2) as evidence that faults or other structural features do not offset the deposits in the study area. This conclusion supports the findings of the pre-existing body of work within the landfill property and the nearby Queen City Farms property.

Channel Migration and Avulsion Hazards at Sunshine Point Campground, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington

In November 2006, the flood of record on the upper Nisqually River destroyed part of Sunshine Point Campground in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. The Nisqually River migrated north and reoccupied five acres of its floodplain; Tahoma Creek partially avulsed into the west floodplain, topping banks of an undersized channel and flooding the campground. I assessed hazards to infrastructure at the old campground location, where the Park proposes to rebuild the remaining campground roads and sites. This assessment focuses on two major hazards: northward Nisqually River migration, which may reincorporate the floodplain into the river destroying infrastructure; and Tahoma Creek avulsions, which may flood the campgroud and deposit sediment burying campground infrastructure. I quantify northward migration by: estimating migration rates and changes to channel width; evaluating river occupation of the pre- and post-2006 campground; and estimating scour depths at revetments protecting the campground. I digitized the Nisqually River channels and channel centerlines from maps and images between 1955 and 2013 into a GIS, which I used to estimate migration rate and river width changes. Centerline migration rates average 9 ft/yr along the length of the Nisqually River study reach; at Sunshine Point lateral migration rates average 11 ft/yr. Maximum migration along the study reach was 19 ft/yr between 2006 and 2009. Greater than average migration rates and channel widths correspond to river confluences and include the Tahoma Creek confluence at Sunshine Point. To determine historical channel locations and the frequency that the river occupied different parts of its floodplain, I digitized the river from maps and images between 1903 and 2013. The Nisqually River flows through Sunshine Point Campground in eight out of 15 historical images. I assess scour at revetments protecting infrastructure from the Nisqually River during a 100-year recurrence interval flood using measured cross-sections. During a 100-year flood, the Nisqually River may scour up to 10 feet below the bed elevation. These scour depths can destabilize critical revetments leaving loose unconsolidated riverbanks exposed to Nisqually River flows. To determine the causes, locations, and frequency of flood hazards from Tahoma Creek avulsions, I field map avulsion channels and compare the results with imagery and channel width changes between 1955 and 2013. Mapped avulsion channels occur with swaths of dead vegetation or nascent vegetation; both dead and recent vegetation are visibly distinct from surrounding vegetation in aerial images. Times of changes to these vegetation anomalies correspond to increases in Tahoma Creek channel width. Avulsions have occurred at least three times in the study period: pre-1955, between 1979 and 1984, and in 2006. The 1984 and 2006 avulsions both occur after increases in Tahoma Creek reach averaged width. The NPS is considering two options to rebuild Sunshine Point Campground, both at the same location. The hazards posed by the Nisqually River and Tahoma Creek at Sunshine Point will affect both construction options equally. Migration hazards to the campground may be reduced by limiting the proposed campground infrastructure to an elevated ridge that has not been occupied by the Nisqually River since 1903. The hazards of damage from migration may be reduced by revetments, which were effective in preventing northward Nisqually River migration in 1959 and 1965. Tahoma Creek avulsions are related increased of Tahoma Creek reach averaged widths, which are near a 58- year maximum, and occurred during a 10-year flood in 1984. The campground may be as susceptible to flooding from avulsions during as little as a 10-year flood. A large avulsion may occur with the next significant Tahoma Creek width increase. Glacial retreat has been shown to increase debris flow activity and increase sediment delivery to Mount Rainier rivers. Increased sediment discharge has been correlated with aggradation, which will further encourage Tahoma Creek avulsions.

Geomorphic Impacts of the 2013 Colorado Front Range Flood on Black Canyon Creek and North Fork Big Thompson River

In September 2013, the Colorado Front Range experienced a five-day storm that brought record-breaking precipitation to the region. As a consequence, many Front Range streams experienced flooding, leading to erosion, debris flows, bank failures and channel incision. I compare the effects that debris flows and flooding have on the channel bar frequency, frequency and location of wood accumulation, and on the shape and size of the channel along two flood impacted reaches located near Estes Park and Glen Haven, Colorado within Rocky Mountain National Park and Arapaho-Roosevelt National Forest: Black Canyon Creek (BCC) and North Fork Big Thompson River (NFBT). The primary difference between the two study areas is that BCC was inundated by multiple debris flows, whereas NFBT only experienced flooding. Fieldwork consisted of recording location and size of large wood and channel bars and surveying reaches to produce cross-sections. Additional observations were made on bank failures in NFBT and the presence of boulders in channel bars in BCC to determine sediment source. The debris flow acted to scour and incise BCC causing long-term alteration. The post-flood channel cross-sectional area is as much as 7 to 23 times larger than the pre-flood channel, caused by the erosion of the channel bed to bedrock and the elimination of riparian vegetation. Large wood was forced out of the stream channel and deposited outside of the bankfull channel. Flooding in NFBT caused bank erosion and widening that contributed sediment to channel bars, but accomplished little stream-bed scour. As a result, there was relatively little damage to mid-channel and riparian vegetation, and most large wood remained within the wetted channel.

Symmetry contaminations in reactive scattering through long-lived collision complexes

We extend our Lanczos subspace time-independent wave packet method [J. Chem. Phys. 116 (2002) 2354] to investigate the issue of symmetry contaminations for the challenging deep-well H + O-2 reaction. Our central objective is to address the issue of whether significant symmetry contamination can occur if a wavepacket initially possessing the correct O-O exchange symmetry is propagated over tens of thousands of recursive steps using a basis which does not explicitly enforce the correct symmetry, and if so how seriously this affects the results. We find that symmetry contamination does exist where the symmetry constraint is not explicitly enforced in the basis. While it affects individual resonances and the associated peak amplitudes, the overall shape of the more averaged quantities such as total reaction probabilities and vibrational branching ratios are not seriously affected. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of X-ray microtomography to numerical simulations of agglomerate breakage by distinct element method

Computer-aided tomography has been used for many years to provide significant information about the internal properties of an object, particularly in the medical fraternity. By reconstructing one-dimensional (ID) X-ray images, 2D cross-sections and 3D renders can provide a wealth of information about an object's internal structure. An extension of the methodology is reported here to enable the characterization of a model agglomerate structure. It is demonstrated that methods based on X-ray microtomography offer considerable potential in the validation and utilization of distinct element method simulations also examined.

Migration of crystals during the filling of semi-solid castings

In cold-chamber high-pressure die castings (HPDC), the microstructure consists of coarse externally solidified crystals (ESCs) that are commonly observed in the central region of cross sections. In the present work, controlled laboratory scale casting experiments have been conducted with particular emphasis on the flow and solidification conditions. An A356 aluminum alloy was used to produce castings by pouring semi-solid metal through a steel die. Microstructures similar to those encountered in HPDC have been produced and the resulting microstructure is found to depend on the melt and die temperature: (1) the fraction of ESCs determines the extent of migration to the central region; (2) a maximum packing determines the area fraction of ESCs in the center; and (3) the die temperature affects the position of the ESCs-a higher die temperature can induce a displaced ESC distribution. It is found that the n-figration of crystals to the central region requires a flow, which is constrained at all melt/die interfaces. Furthermore, potential lift mechanisms are discussed. An assessment of the Saffman lift force on individual particles shows it has no significant effect on the migration of ESCs.

Microhardness mapping and the hardness-yield strength relationship in high-pressure diecast magnesium alloy AZ91

Microhardness maps of cross-sections of high-pressure diecast test bars of AZ91 have been determined. Specimens with rectangular cross-sections, 1, 2 and 3 mm thick, or with a circular cross-section 6.4 mm in diameter, have been studied. The hardness is generally higher near the edges in all specimens, and more so near the corners of the rectangular specimens. The hardness at the center of the castings is generally lower, due to a coarser solidification microstructure and the concentration of porosity. The evidence confirms that the surface of the castings is harder than the core, but it does not support the concept of a skin with a sharp. and definable boundary. This harder layer is irregular in hardness and depth and is not equally hard on opposite sides of the casting. The mean hardness obtained by integrating the microhardness maps over the entire cross-section increased with decreasing thickness of the bars, and was found to be in good correlation with each bar's yield strength. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.