Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Femte delen

Kannet painanut: Helsingfors : F. Tilgmann.

Människor som jag känt: personliga minnen, utdrag ur bref och anteckningar af Jac. Ahrenberg - Sjätte delen

Kannet painanut: F. Tilgmann.

Empirical evidence of bias in the design of experimental stroke studies: a metaepidemiologic approach

Background and Purpose: At least part of the failure in the transition from experimental to clinical studies in stroke has been attributed to the imprecision introduced by problems in the design of experimental stroke studies. Using a metaepidemiologic approach, we addressed the effect of randomization, blinding, and use of comorbid animals on the estimate of how effectively therapeutic interventions reduce infarct size. Methods: Electronic and manual searches were performed to identify meta-analyses that described interventions in experimental stroke. For each meta-analysis thus identified, a reanalysis was conducted to estimate the impact of various quality items on the estimate of efficacy, and these estimates were combined in a meta meta-analysis to obtain a summary measure of the impact of the various design characteristics. Results: Thirteen meta-analyses that described outcomes in 15 635 animals were included. Studies that included unblinded induction of ischemia reported effect sizes 13.1% (95% CI, 26.4% to 0.2%) greater than studies that included blinding, and studies that included healthy animals instead of animals with comorbidities overstated the effect size by 11.5% (95% CI, 21.2% to 1.8%). No significant effect was found for randomization, blinded outcome assessment, or high aggregate CAMARADES quality score. Conclusions: We provide empirical evidence of bias in the design of studies, with studies that included unblinded induction of ischemia or healthy animals overestimating the effectiveness of the intervention. This bias could account for the failure in the transition from bench to bedside of stroke therapies.

Awareness and Coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme among Formal Sector Workers in Ilorin, Nigeria

A prepayment scheme for health through the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was commenced in Nigeria about ten years ago. Nigeria operates a federal system of government. Sub- national levels possess a high degree of autonomy in a number of sectors including health. It is important to assess the level of coverage of the scheme among the formal sector workers in Nigeria as a proxy to gauge the extent of coverage of the scheme and derive suitable lessons that could be used in its expansion. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive survey carried out among formal sector workers in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. A stratified sampling technique was used to select study participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data was analysed with the SPSS. Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Bowen University Teaching Hospital Research Ethics Committee. A total of 370 people participated in the study. Majority, (78.9%) of the respondents were aware of the NHIS, however only 13.5 % paid for health care services through the NHIS. Logistic regression analysis shows that respondents with post-secondary education (OR = 9.032, CI = 2.562 – 31.847, p = 0.001) and in federal civil service (OR = 2.679, CI = 1.036 – 6.929, p = 0.042) were over nine and three times more likely to be aware of the scheme than others. Coverage of the scheme among the respondents was unimpressive. A lot still need to be done to fast-track the expansion of the scheme among this sector of the population.

La literatura histórica en Costa Rica hoy: contribución al debate teórico

[Literatura costarricense contemporánea]

Pegada hídrica como indicador de sustentabilidade em polo de grãos na Amazônia.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a pegada hídrica das principais cultivares de soja como indicador de eficiência de uso da água em cultivos de grãos no município de Paragominas. Foi realizado trabalho de campo para acompanhar experimentos com soja visando obtenção de dados durante a safra agrícola 2013/2014. Considerou-se nas estimativas de pegada hídrica cinza o valor de 22 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, com base na literatura nacional. As cultivares de soja BRS Candeia; BRS Sambaíba; BRS Tracajá; BRS Seridó RCH; BRS Babaçu foram consideradas nas avaliações da pegada hídrica de acordo com o ciclo médio, disponível na literatura. Considerou-se os padrões limites de lançamento de fertilizante nitrogenado em corpos hídricos, adotando-se valores conforme a legislação nº 357/2005 do Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente (CONAMA). Os resultados apontaram que a maior pegada hídrica foi na BRS Babaçu correspondendo a 1.306 m³ ton-1 e a menor foi na BRS Candeia com 1.015 m³ ton-1. Conclui-se que a pegada hídrica verde é um excelente indicador de eficiência de uso da água pela cultivar de soja utilizada em cada ano safra. Também, a quantidade de fertilizantes nitrogenados e o rendimento das cultivares são fatores determinantes na contabilidade de uso eficiente de água em polos grãos na Amazônia.

Funtional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Language, Joint Attention and Motor Skills

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging non-invasive optical neuro imaging technique that monitors the hemodynamic response to brain activation with ms-scale temporal resolution and sub-cm spatial resolution. The overall goal of my dissertation was to develop and apply NIRS towards investigation of neurological response to language, joint attention and planning and execution of motor skills in healthy adults. Language studies were performed to investigate the hemodynamic response, synchrony and dominance feature of the frontal and fronto-temporal cortex of healthy adults in response to language reception and expression. The mathematical model developed based on granger causality explicated the directional flow of information during the processing of language stimuli by the fronto-temporal cortex. Joint attention and planning/ execution of motor skill studies were performed to investigate the hemodynamic response, synchrony and dominance feature of the frontal cortex of healthy adults and in children (5-8 years old) with autism (for joint attention studies) and individuals with cerebral palsy (for planning/execution of motor skills studies). The joint attention studies on healthy adults showed differences in activation as well as intensity and phase dependent connectivity in the frontal cortex during joint attention in comparison to rest. The joint attention studies on typically developing children showed differences in frontal cortical activation in comparison to that in children with autism. The planning and execution of motor skills studies on healthy adults and individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) showed difference in the frontal cortical dominance, that is, bilateral and ipsilateral dominance, respectively. The planning and execution of motor skills studies also demonstrated the plastic and learning behavior of brain wherein correlation was found between the relative change in total hemoglobin in the frontal cortex and the kinematics of the activity performed by the participants. Thus, during my dissertation the NIRS neuroimaging technique was successfully implemented to investigate the neurological response of language, joint attention and planning and execution of motor skills in healthy adults as well as preliminarily on children with autism and individuals with cerebral palsy. These NIRS studies have long-term potential for the design of early stage interventions in children with autism and customized rehabilitation in individuals with cerebral palsy.

Cassiodori ... doctissima et religiosissima Psalterij dauidici expositio : q[uam] plurima enucleans que vel idioma aliquod diuino eloquio propriu[m] vel dogma singulare vel diffinitione[m], vel schema, vel etymologia[m], vel interpretatione[m], vel rhetor

Sign.: a10, b-z8, [et]8, [cum]8, [rum]8, A-C8, D-E6

DISSERTAÇÃO = Microcrédito Produtivo Orientado: um estudo centrado nas contribuições do processo de orientação técnica

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração.

Diagnostico eco cardiográfico de una presentación inusual perioperatoria de la cardiomiopatía por estrés (síndrome de Takotsubo). Reporte de caso

La miocardiopatía por estrés o síndrome de Takotsubo es una patología cardiaca ampliamente reconocida con una presentación clínica similar al síndrome coronario agudo y relacionado a estrés físico o emocional. Su identificación perioperatoria es un reto dada las diferentes formas y escenarios de presentación. Nosotros describimos una paciente de 22 años con una presentación atípica del síndrome de Takotsubo durante la inducción anestésica resaltando la utilidad de la ecocardiografía transesofágica para el diagnóstico inicial.

Un aporte a la comprensión de las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones a través del concepto de improvisación y la metáfora musical

Este trabajo se inscribe en uno de los grandes campos de los estudios organizacionales: la estrategia. La perspectiva clásica en este campo promovió la idea de que proyectarse hacia el futuro implica diseñar un plan (una serie de acciones deliberadas). Avances posteriores mostraron que la estrategia podía ser comprendida de otras formas. Sin embargo, la evolución del campo privilegió en alguna medida la mirada clásica estableciendo, por ejemplo, múltiples modelos para ‘formular’ una estrategia, pero dejando en segundo lugar la manera en la que esta puede ‘emerger’. El propósito de esta investigación es, entonces, aportar al actual nivel de comprensión respecto a las estrategias emergentes en las organizaciones. Para hacerlo, se consideró un concepto opuesto —aunque complementario— al de ‘planeación’ y, de hecho, muy cercano en su naturaleza a ese tipo de estrategias: la improvisación. Dado que este se ha nutrido de valiosos aportes del mundo de la música, se acudió al saber propio de este dominio, recurriendo al uso de ‘la metáfora’ como recurso teórico para entenderlo y alcanzar el objetivo propuesto. Los resultados muestran que 1) las estrategias deliberadas y las emergentes coexisten y se complementan, 2) la improvisación está siempre presente en el contexto organizacional, 3) existe una mayor intensidad de la improvisación en el ‘como’ de la estrategia que en el ‘qué’ y, en oposición a la idea convencional al respecto, 4) se requiere cierta preparación para poder improvisar de manera adecuada.

Atendimento à família do paciente com transtorno mental

O objeto inicia definindo a família como o lócus de integração e socialização dos indivíduos e detalha o que isso representa. Aborda a desestabilização de toda uma estrutura familiar quando o adoecimento mental acontece e a obrigação e responsabilidade do que cuida pela pessoa dependente e nas relações que a situação envolve. Segue abordando a família do paciente com transtorno mental como uma que vive a realidade de preconceito e exclusão, e que ela pode contribuir tanto para a melhora, como para seu agravamento e que as incapazes de manter uma estrutura e padrões de comportamento que conduzam a um funcionamento eficaz, frequentemente demonstram sinais de um estresse contínuo e insolúvel. Termina por apresentar o atendimento domiciliar como uma alternativa, porém, muitas vezes, ela não seja aproveitada em sua totalidade, reproduzindo, no ambiente domiciliar, a consulta realizada na ULS. Unidade 4 do módulo 9 que compõe o Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família.