Abordagens da biomecânica ortodôntica utilizando mini-implantes

As an innovative transitory anchorage device, the mini-implants deserve to be described with details regarding its use and action during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, this paper intents to present some biomechanic criteria adopted to for a better use of mini-implants as anchorage in anterior retraction (space closure), molar distalization, mesial movement of the molars, intrusion of molars and as support to provisional implant.

THE RETINAL TARGETS OF CENTRIFUGAL NEURONS AND THE RETINAL NEURONS PROJECTING TO THE ACCESSORY OPTIC-SYSTEM

In birds, neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION), as well as ''ectopic'' neurons, send axons to the retina, where they synapse on cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL). Previous work has shown that centrifugal axons can be divided into two anatomically distinct types depending on their mode of termination: either ''convergent'' or ''divergent'' (Ramon y Cajal, 1889; Maturana and Frenk, 1965). We show that cytochrome-oxidase histochemistry specifically labels ''convergent'' centrifugal axons and target neurons which appear to be amacrine cells, as well as three ''types'' of ganglion cells: two types found in the INL (displaced ganglion cells) and one in the ganglion cell layer. Labeled target amacrine cells have distinct darkly labeled ''nests'' of boutons enveloping the somas, are associated with labeled centrifugal fibers, and are confined to central retina. Lesions of the isthmo-optic tract abolish the cytochrome-oxidase labeling in the centrifugal axons and in the target amacrine cells but not in the ganglion cells. Cytochromeoxidase-labeled ganglion cells in the INL are large; one type is oval and similar to the classical displaced ganglion cells of Dogiel, which have been reported to receive centrifugal input; the other type is rounder. Rhodamine beads injected into the accessory optic system results in retrograde label in both types of cells, showing that two distinct types of displaced ganglion cells project to the accessory optic system in chickens. The ganglion cells in the ganglion cell layer that label for cytochrome oxidase also project to the accessory optic system. These have proximal dendrites that ramify in the outer inner plexiform layer. Neither the target amacrine cells nor either of the displaced ganglion cells are immunoreactive for the inhibitory transmitter gamma aminobutyric acid. At least some of the target amacrine cells may, however, be cholinoceptive: we found that the antibody to the alpha-7 subunit of the nicotinic ACh receptor labels a population of cells in the INL that are similar in location, size, and the presence of labeled bouton-like structures to those we find labeled with cytochrome oxidase. This antibody also labels neurons in the ION proper but not ectopic cells. In conclusion, it appears that cytochrome oxidase may be a marker for ''convergent'' centrifugal axons and at least one of their target cells in the INL.

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration: effects on eucalypt rust (Puccinia psidii), C:N ratio and essential oils in eucalypt clonal plantlets

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Apistogramma ortegai (Teleostei: Cichlidae), a new species of cichlid fish from the Ampyiacu River in the Peruvian Amazon basin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Brazilian adaptation of the Woodcock-Johnson III cognitive tests

An adaptation of the standard battery of Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-III) for Brazilian children and youth was investigated. The sample was composed of 1094 students (54 percent girls), ages 7-17, living in Sao Paulo state (91 percent). Items from Brazilian school books as well as from the WJ-III Spanish version (Bateria-R) were added to comprehension-knowledge tests. Brazilian words were adapted to the auditory tests according to syllabic division and stressed syllables. Items were examined through IRT and age differences through analysis of variance. Results indicated the need to remove items from all WJ-III subtests with the exception of the visual learning test. Analysis of Variance indicated significant age differences (p <= 0.001) for all tests. Thus, the importance of a Brazilian adaptation for the WJ-III was confirmed.

Optimizing xanthophyll concentrations in diets to obtain well-pigmented yolks

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, has importance in human and veterinary medicine. Animals can be direct or indirect source of infection to man, and this intermediate host, the disease may be responsible for encephalitis and deaths due to congenital form as coinfection in neonates and patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The man and animals can acquire the disease by eating undercooked meat or cures, infected with tissue cysts, as well as food and water contaminated with oocysts. Iatrogenic, such as, blood transfusion and organ transplantation are other less frequent routes of transmission. The causative agent of this disease is Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan obligate intracellular coccidian. In small animals, the infection has been reported in several countries, promoting varied clinical manifestations and uncommon but severe and fatal, which is a challenge in the clinical diagnosis of small animals, especially when the nervous system involvement. Thus, constitute the purpose of this review address the participation of small animals in the spread of the disease, clinical aspects related to it, as well as discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease.

Estudo da fluência dos aços inoxidáveis ferríticos estabilizados ao titânio e nióbio e simulação numérica do processo no abaqus

The purpose of this research was tested a finite element model (FEM) that represented the creep of a slab during the reheating process of hot rolling. The aim is to prevent creep phenomenon changing the reheating profile with hot tensile test in Gleeble 3500, and, also, understand the former defect crisis. The goal of this work is to have a predictive tool to optimize the reheating process changing parameters (length and thickness). Then, use input parameters obtained from the tests to approximate the solution of the problem aided by Abaqus CAE. The results have showed that the ferritic stainless steel AISI 409 has a lower sensitivity to creep comparing to the stainless steel AISI 409, AISI 430Ti, AISI 441 and AISI 444

Quaternionic coupling

Physics is in its development a major challenge to relate fields, this paper presents a proposal to relate classical fields of physics, ie the electric field, magnetic field and gravitational equations by time-dependent. The proposal begins with the work that determines the Cauchy-Riemann conditions for quaternions [1], and the determination of Laplace’s equation in four dimensions[3], it was possible to determine mathematical components important to make the couplings of classical fields discussed above.

Uma avaliação do conceito de regência e transitividade na tradição gramatical do português

In this paper, we study patterns of complementation as well as transitivity in Portuguese grammatical tradition aiming at verifying the motor of interest toward these subjects as well as eventual historic changes in the direction of the treatment they have been given. We analyze the concepts, the relations and the grounding notions in this camp, as well as the (in)transitive property of verbs in correlation with the status of their complements. Historically documented normative determinations of the notion of complementation and the modern reactions to such a view are relevant to our examination. Our conclusion moves toward a socio‑historic conditioning of traditional lessons, acknowledging, however, the natural existence of theoretical directions in the proposals.

Levels of metals, arsenic and phosphorus in sediments from two sectors of a Brazilian Marine Protected Area (Tupinambas Ecological Station)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dris norms and critical leaf nutrient levels for ‘Niagara rosada’ grape in Jundiaí region, São Paulo (Brasil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estimation of lower flammability limits of C-H compounds in air at atmospheric pressure, evaluation of temperature dependence and diluent effect

Estimation of the lower flammability limits of C-H compounds at 25 degrees C and 1 atm; at moderate temperatures and in presence of diluent was the objective of this study. A set of 120 degrees C H compounds was divided into a correlation set and a prediction set of 60 compounds each. The absolute average relative error for the total set was 7.89%; for the correlation set, it was 6.09%; and for the prediction set it was 9.68%. However, it was shown that by considering different sources of experimental data the values were reduced to 6.5% for the prediction set and to 6.29% for the total set. The method showed consistency with Le Chatelier's law for binary mixtures of C H compounds. When tested for a temperature range from 5 degrees C to 100 degrees C , the absolute average relative errors were 2.41% for methane; 4.78% for propane; 0.29% for iso-butane and 3.86% for propylene. When nitrogen was added, the absolute average relative errors were 2.48% for methane; 5.13% for propane; 0.11% for iso-butane and 0.15% for propylene. When carbon dioxide was added, the absolute relative errors were 1.80% for methane; 5.38% for propane; 0.86% for iso-butane and 1.06% for propylene. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quality of the effluents of bullfrog tadpole ponds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)