Schonladia nuova

Julkaisussa: Geographia Cl. Ptolemaei Alexandrini

Relander presidentinlinnassa

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Akateemisen Karjala-Seuran maanpuolustustyö

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Handbok för dikningssammanslutningar : Genomförande av underhålls- och grundförbättringsprojekt

Största delen av åkrarna i Finland har dikats redan före 1970-talet och åkerarealen som för närvarande odlas har grundtorrlagts åtminstone en gång. Vattenförvaltningen grundades år 1970 och torrläggningsärenden överfördes från lantbruksingenjörsdistrikten till vattendistrikten och därefter utfördes det igen mer dikningar. Antalet ansökningar om dikningsförrättning, som nuförtiden görs till NTM-centralen, har avsevärt minskat efter 1990-talet och de åtgärder som nuförtiden utförs gäller närmast att iståndsätta eller grundförbättra diken. Dikningsprojekt som genomförs på åkerområden berör ofta flera markägare och omfattande projekt kräver bra samarbetsförmåga och kunnande bland markägarna, samt villighet att genomföra projektet så att det medför så stor nytta som möjligt för alla medlemmar i dikningssammanslutningen. Vanligtvis meddelas det om dikningssammanslutningars stämmor i lokaltidningar och vid dessa stämmor beslutar man om de åtgärder som skall vidtas i samband med projektet. Genom att delta i dessa stämmor kan en medlem i dikningssammanslutningen påverka valet av ombudsmän och de åtgärder som kommer att vidtas i samband med projektet. Behovet av vattenskydd och skötsel av vattendrag har förändrats. Vid underhållet bör man beakta vattenkvaliteten på torrläggningsområdet och i vattendraget nedströms samt se till att naturvärden i fårorna på torrläggningsområdet bevaras. Enligt vattenlagen kan underhållet av ett dike som har förvandlats till en bädd i ett naturliknande tillstånd, behöva en ny plan och dikningsförrättning. För att minska vattenkvalitetsproblem och övriga olägenheter som rensning av fåror medför, har det utvecklats åtgärder för s.k. naturenligt vattenbyggande som kan tillämpas vid underhållet av fåran. I framtiden har ombudsmän i dikningsprojekt ännu större ansvar för projektets framskridande och efter att projektet färdigställts även för underhållet av fårorna. På grund av att förfaringssätten har förändrats och vattenlagen reviderats ansåg man att ombudsmän i dikningsprojekt borde ha en egen uppdaterad handbok i vilken man kan hitta alla de uppgifter som hör till ombudsmännen. I denna handbok har man samlat de uppgifter som hör till sammanslutningens ombudsman under ett underhålls- och grundförbättringsprojekt samt uppgifterna efter att projektet slutförts. Handboken har utarbetats i samarbete med Väinö Haapamäki, ansvarig för torrläggningsfrågor vid NTM-centralen i Södra Österbotten och den riksomfattande gruppen för verksamhetsmodellen gällande grundtorrläggning och dikningsförrättning. Dessutom har handboken kommenterats av bl.a. Täckdikningsföreningen, Finlands miljöcentral, Jord- och skogsbruksministeriet, Jord- och skogsbruksproducenternas centralförbund samt flera NTM-centraler och kommuners miljövårdsmyndigheter.

Preoperative cobalt60 irradiation delays the healing of rectal anastomoses in rats

The healing of colorectal anastomoses after irradiation therapy continues to be a major concern. The authors evaluated the healing of rectal anastomoses in a rat model after a preoperative 500-cGy dose of cobalt60 irradiation. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups: control (group A), and irradiation group (group B). Group B received a single 500-cGy dose of irradiation, and a rectal resection and end-to-end anastomosis was performed in both groups on the 7th day after irradiation. Parameters of the healing process included bursting pressure and collagen content on the 5th, 7th, and 14th days after surgery. In the irradiation group, the mean bursting pressure on the 5th, 7th, and 14th days was 116, 218, and 273 mmHg, respectively. The collagen content assessed by histomorphometry was 9.0, 20.8, and 32%, respectively. In contrast, the control group had a mean bursting pressure of 175, 225 and 263 mmHg, and a collagen content of 17.8, 28.1, and 32.1%, respectively. The adverse effect of irradiation on healing was detectable only on the 5th postoperative day, as demonstrated by lower bursting pressure (P < 0.013) and collagen content (P < 0.008). However, there was no failure of anastomotic healing such as leakage or dehiscence due to irradiation. We conclude that a single preoperative 500-cGy dose of irradiation delays the healing of rectal anastomosis in rats.

miRNA expression profiles in chronic lymphocytic and acute lymphocytic leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small endogenous RNAs that play important regulatory roles by targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. miRNAs act in diverse biological processes including development, cell growth, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, suggesting their association with cancer. We determined the miRNA expression profile of chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemias (CLL and ALL) using the TaqMan® MicroRNA Assays Human Panel (Applied Biosystems). Pooled leukemia samples were compared to pooled CD19+ samples from healthy individuals (calibrator) by the 2-DDCt method. Total RNA input was normalized based on the Ct values obtained for hsa-miR-30b. The five most highly expressed miRNAs were miR-128b, miR-204, miR-218, miR-331, and miR-181b-1 in ALL, and miR-331, miR-29a, miR-195, miR-34a, and miR-29c in CLL. To our knowledge, this is the first report associating miR-128b, miR-204 and miR-331 to hematological malignancies. The miR-17-92 cluster was also found to be up-regulated in ALL, as previously reported for some types of lymphomas. The differences observed in gene expression levels were validated for miR-331 and miR-128b in ALL and CD19+ samples. These miRNAs were up-regulated in ALL, in agreement with our initial results. A brief target analysis was performed for miR-331. One of its putative targets, SOCS1, promotes STAT activation, which is a known mediator of cell proliferation and survival, suggesting the possibility of an association between miR-331 and these processes. This initial screening provided information on miRNA differentially expressed in normal and malignant B-cells that could suggest the potential roles of these miRNAs in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.

Historia Bibliothecae Regiae Academiae Aboensis 23

Invokaatio: D.A.G.

Highly sensitive C-reactive protein and male gender are independently related to the severity of coronary disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and an acute coronary event

Patients with metabolic syndrome are at high-risk for development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to examine the major determinants of coronary disease severity, including those coronary risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, during the early period after an acute coronary episode. We tested the hypothesis that inflammatory markers, especially highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), are related to coronary atherosclerosis, in addition to traditional coronary risk factors. Subjects of both genders aged 30 to 75 years (N = 116) were prospectively included if they had suffered a recent acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris requiring hospitalization) and if they had metabolic syndrome diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III. Patients were submitted to a coronary angiography and the burden of atherosclerosis was estimated by the Gensini score. The severity of coronary disease was correlated (Spearman’s or Pearson’s coefficient) with gender (r = 0.291, P = 0.008), age (r = 0.218, P = 0.048), hsCRP (r = 0.256, P = 0.020), ApoB/ApoA ratio (r = 0.233, P = 0.041), and carotid intima-media thickness (r = 0.236, P = 0.041). After multiple linear regression, only male gender (P = 0.046) and hsCRP (P = 0.012) remained independently associated with the Gensini score. In this high-risk population, male gender and high levels of hsCRP, two variables that can be easily obtained, were associated with more extensive coronary disease, identifying patients with the highest potential of developing new coronary events.

A study on the short-term effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on insulin resistance and serum levels of adiponectin and ghrelin

The interaction between ghrelin and adiponectin is still controversial. We investigated the effect of cafeteria diet and pioglitazone on body weight, insulin resistance, and adiponectin/ghrelin levels in an experimental study on male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups of 6 rats each, and received balanced chow with saline (CHOW-O) or pioglitazone (CHOW-P), or a cafeteria diet with saline (CAFE-O) or pioglitazone (CAFE-P). The chow/cafeteria diets were administered for 35 days, and saline/pioglitazone (10 mg·kg body weight-1·day-1) was added in the last 14 days prior to euthanasia. CAFE-O animals had a higher mean final weight (372.5 ± 21.01 g) than CHOW-O (317.66 ± 25.11 g, P = 0.017) and CHOW-P (322.66 ± 28.42 g, P = 0.035) animals. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in CHOW-P (55.91 ± 20.62 ng/mL) than in CHOW-O (30.52 ± 6.97 ng/mL, P = 0.014) and CAFE-O (32.54 ± 9.03 ng/mL, P = 0.027) but not in CAFE-P. Higher total serum ghrelin levels were observed in CAFE-P compared to CHOW-P animals (1.65 ± 0.69 vs 0.65 ± 0.36 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Likewise, acylated ghrelin levels were higher in CAFE-P (471.52 ± 195.09 pg/mL) than in CHOW-P (193.01 ± 87.61 pg/mL, P = 0.009) and CAFE-O (259.44 ± 86.36 pg/mL, P = 0.047) animals. In conclusion, a cafeteria diet can lead to a significant weight gain. Although CAFE-P animals exhibited higher ghrelin levels, this was probably related to food deprivation rather than to a direct pharmacological effect, possibly attenuating the increase in adiponectin levels.

Solennis inscrinationis actus beati episcopi Aboensis Hemmingi 2

Variantti B.

Disquisitiones practicae

Invokaatio: In nom. Jesu!

Ajankohtainen imaamikoulutusselvitys

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