Principios de seguridad de la información en entornos de salud

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Brazilian experience with the medium-term multi-organ bioassay: Scientific and regulatory developments

In 1996 the Brazilian Institute for the Environment (IBAMA) officially adopted a variation of the multiorgan initiation-promotion DMBDD bioassay as a valid source of evidence of the carcinogenic potential of pesticides. The protocol adopted by IBAMA was a modification of the one originally proposed by researchers led by Nobuyuki Ito, from the Nagoya City University Medical School. Among the modifications established in the Brazilian protocol were the use of both sexes of the outbreed Wistar strain of rats and two positive control test chemicals. The adoption of the modified DMBDD protocol was instrumental during the last decade for qualifying technical people and to spread knowledge on chemical carcinogenesis in Brazil.

Chronic alcohol intake upregulates hepatic expression of carotenoid cleavage enzymes and PPAR in rats

Excessive and chronic alcohol intake leads to a lower hepatic vitamin A status by interfering with vitamin A metabolism. Dietary provitamin A carotenoids can be converted into vitamin A mainly by carotenoid 15,15′-monooxygenase 1 (CMO1) and, to a lesser degree, carotenoid 9′10′-monooxygenase 2 (CMO2). CMO1 has been shown to be regulated by several transcription factors, such as the PPAR, retinoid X receptor, and thyroid receptor (TR). The regulation of CMO2 has yet to be identified. The impact of chronic alcohol intake on hepatic expressions of CMO1 and CMO2 and their related transcription factors are unknown. In this study, Fischer 344 rats were pair-fed either a liquid ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet (n = 10) or a control diet (n = 10) for 11 wk. Hepatic retinoid concentration and expressions of CMO1, CMO2, PPARγ, PPARα, and TRβ as well as plasma thyroid hormones levels were analyzed. We observed that administering alcohol decreased hepatic retinoid levels but increased mRNA concentrations of CMO1, CMO2, PPARγ, PPARα, and TRβ and upregulated protein levels of CMO2, PPARγ, and PPARα. There was a positive correlation of PPARγ with CMO1(r = 0.89; P<0.0001) and both PPARγ and PPARα with CMO2 (r = 0.72, P< 0.001 and r = 0.62, P< 0.01, respectively). Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations did not differ between the control rats and alcohol-fed rats. This study suggests that chronic alcohol intake significantly upregulates hepatic expression of CMO1 and, to a much lesser extent, CMO2. This process may be due to alcohol-induced PPARγ expression and lower vitamin A status in the liver. © 2010 American Society for Nutrition.

Response of human dental pulp to calcium hydroxide paste preceded by a corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing agent

Aim: To evaluate the treatment with corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing in pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide. Methods: Forty-six premolars were pulpotomized and randomly assigned into 3 groups. In Group I pulpal wound was directly capped with calcium hydroxide, and Group II and Group III received corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing for 10 min or 48 h, respectively, before pulp capping. Teeth were processed for histological analysis after 7, 30 or 60 days to determine inflammatory cell response, tissue disorganization, dentin bridge formation and presence of bacteria. Attributed scores were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Results: On the 7th day, all groups exhibited dilated and congested blood vessels in the tissue adjacent to pulpal wound. The inflammatory cell response was significantly greater in Group III (p<0.05). On the 30th day, in all groups, a thin dentin matrix layer was deposited adjacent to the pulpal wound and a continuous odontoblast-like cell layer underlying the dentin matrix was observed. On the 60th day, all groups presented a thick hard barrier characterized by an outer zone of dystrophic calcification and an inner zone of tubular dentin matrix underlined by a defined odontoblast-like cell layer. Conclusions: Within the limitations of present study, considering that the treatment was performed in healthy teeth, it may be concluded that the use of a corticosteroid/antibiotic dressing before remaining tissue protection with calcium hydroxide had no influence on pulp tissue healing.

Economía y empleo en Jujuy

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China

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Influência da aplicação de vinhaça na capacidade de Infiltração de um solo de textura franco arenosa

The objective of this study was to analyze effects in different depth in soil water infiltration and to verify the Horton and Kostiakov-Lewis models adequacy in infiltration rate estimate. The treatments were five doses of vinasse (0, 200, 250, 300 and 350 m3?ha1?. The vinasse application reduced the soil erosion risk increasing the possibility of runoff. The Horton model had the best adjustment on the observed data, and the Kostiakov-Lewis model overestimated the infiltration rate values.

GEANT4 tuning for pCT development

Proton beams in medical applications deal with relatively thick targets like the human head or trunk. Thus, the fidelity of proton computed tomography (pCT) simulations as a tool for proton therapy planning depends in the general case on the accuracy of results obtained for the proton interaction with thick absorbers. GEANT4 simulations of proton energy spectra after passing thick absorbers do not agree well with existing experimental data, as showed previously. Moreover, the spectra simulated for the Bethe-Bloch domain showed an unexpected sensitivity to the choice of low-energy electromagnetic models during the code execution. These observations were done with the GEANT4 version 8.2 during our simulations for pCT. This work describes in more details the simulations of the proton passage through aluminum absorbers with varied thickness. The simulations were done by modifying only the geometry in the Hadrontherapy Example, and for all available choices of the Electromagnetic Physics Models. As the most probable reasons for these effects is some specific feature in the code, or some specific implicit parameters in the GEANT4 manual, we continued our study with version 9.2 of the code. Some improvements in comparison with our previous results were obtained. The simulations were performed considering further applications for pCT development. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Taxa de deposição de tecidos corporais de novilhas Nelore e suas cruzas com Angus e Simental

The objective of this work was to evaluate deposition pattems of body tissues of Nellore and crossbreed with Angus and Simmental heifers. Fifty seven heifers (19 Nellore, 19 Angus and 19 Simmental) were used, being 12 heifers (four in each genetic group) slaughtered before the beginning of the experiment as the baseline group. Thirty six (twelve in each genetic group) were ad libitun fed with 30 (six in each group) and 50% (six in each group) of dry matter diet in concentrate. The animals were in a completely randomized design, 3x2 factorial (tree genetic group and two diet), with six replicates per treatment. Nine remaining animals were used for a digestibility trial. At the end of the experiment all these animals were slaughtered and its corporal composition determined. The percentage of subcutaneous fat was greater for Angus heifers. Chemical constituents of empty body weight and empty body gain there did not suffer effects of genetic group. The crossing between Nellore and Angus, as well as the level of concentrate improve carcass characteristics and pattern of deposition of body tissues.

Growth mechanism and photocatalytic properties of SrWO4 microcrystals synthesized by injection of ions into a hot aqueous solution

This paper reports our initial research to obtain SrWO4 microcrystals by the injection of ions into a hot aqueous solution and their photocatalytic (PC) properties. These microcrystals were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements and Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. The shape and average size of these SrWO 4 microcrystals were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we have investigated the PC activity of microcrystals for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dyes. XRD patterns, Rietveld refinement data and FT-Raman spectroscopy confirmed that SrWO4 microcrystals have a scheelite-type tetragonal structure without deleterious phases. FT-Raman spectra exhibited 12 Raman-active modes in a range from 50 to 1000 cm-1. FE-SEM and TEM images suggested that the SrWO4 microcrystals (rice-like - 95%; star-, flower-, and urchin-like - 5%) were formed by means of primary/secondary nucleation events and self-assembly processes. Based on these FE-SEM/TEM images, a crystal growth mechanism was proposed and discussed in details in this work. Finally, a good PC activity was first discovered of the SrWO4 microcrystals for the degradation of RhB after 80 min and Rh6G after 50 min dyes under ultraviolet-light, respectively. © 2012 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder.

Brazilian dental students' intentions and motivations towards their professional career

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A useful empirical bayesian method to analyse industrial data from saturated factorial designs

The use of saturated two-level designs is very popular, especially in industrial applications where the cost of experiments is too high. Standard classical approaches are not appropriate to analyze data from saturated designs, since we could only get the estimates of the main factor effects and we would not have degrees of freedom to estimate the variance of the error. In this paper, we propose the use of empirical Bayesian procedures to get inferences for data obtained from saturated designs. The proposed methodology is illustrated assuming a simulated data set. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Juventud latinoamericana en una época de cambio y crisis = Latin American youth in a time of change and crisis

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Ordenamiento de recursos hídricos y modelos matemáticos en América Latina y el Caribe

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