杀伤血管内皮生长因子受体1阳性细胞的靶向毒素

白喉毒素(diphtheria toxin DT) 是棒状白喉杆菌被茁噬菌体感染后分泌的一种外毒素. 它可以阻断真核细胞的蛋白质合成,杀死细胞. 血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) 的R82A,K84A,H86A突变体可以和肿瘤血管上高表达的VEGF受体1 (VEGFR-1) 特异性结合. 首先从白喉杆菌中提取基因组DNA,扩增出白喉毒素C区、T区基因. 并运用点突变技术,制成VEGF的R82A,K84A,H86A突变体. 利用这个可以和肿瘤血管上特异性受体相结合的VEGF的突变体,代替白喉毒素上的受体结合区,制成了针对VEGFR-1的靶向融合毒素——DT391-mVEGF. 以去除了受体结合区的DT391为阴性对照,细胞实验表明,融合毒素对VEGFR-1阳性的肿瘤细胞有特异性杀伤作用.

山鸡椒上一种新的干基腐朽病

本文报道了我国贵州北部山鸡椒上一种新的干基腐朽病害 ,其病原菌是粗皮灵芝 (Ganodermatsunodae (YasudaexLloyd)Trott.)。基于本研究采集的标本及日本模式产地的标本 ,对此病原菌进行了详细描述。该菌主要危害贵州北部的山鸡椒 ,造成干基白色腐朽 ,最后导致树木死亡。对病害的症状 ,造成的危害及病原菌的分布进行了讨论

树木、林内、林冠上与森林区风速廓线研究(英文)

风速是森林生态系统研究中最为重要的变量之一,同时也是控制气流运输过程最基本的要素。由于树木生理指标和生长过程对风速的改变十分敏感,因此风速随高度的变化规律,即风速廓线的研究十分重要。一般认为,在裸地或林冠上的风廓线均呈对数规律变化,但是在单株树木和林分内风速随高度的变化则不呈对数规律。本文根据最近在海岸松林内风的研究结果,总结了针叶树种单株树木内、林分内和林冠上层以及海岸林区的风速廓线变化规律,其主要结论如下:1)单株针叶树树冠内的风速廓线呈指数形式分布,2)在林分内的风速廓线可用风的减弱系数来表示,3)[(\267\347)(\300\252\317\337\324\332\301\326\271\332\262\343)]上的分布可由风廓线参数(摩擦速度、粗糙长度、零平面位移)确定,4)在海岸林区,极端风速的分布可以使用了建筑上的风荷载模型进行预测。另外,本文提出了该研究领域尚需进一步探讨的问题,主要包括:1)风速廓线与树木特征及林分特征间的关系,2)利用简单的方法预测了风速廓线参数,3)风速廓线在树木生理、生态研究的作用、树木生长过程中风的微生态学效应以及森林生态和管理应用等方面。图4表1参60。

樟子松人工固沙林稳定性的研究

提出了人工林稳定性的内涵及其评价标准．分析了影响沙地樟子松人工林稳定性的各种干扰因子，通过对沙地樟子松人工林造林成活、生长情况、对不良外界环境的抗御能力、林分寿命、林分结构和生产力的综合评价分析，认为沙地樟子松引种人工林基本上是稳定的；而生长在立地较好的丘间低地的林分，其稳定性大于沙丘顶部的林分；从抗枯梢病角度看，幼林的抗性大于中林；从林分密度和生产力角度来看．红花尔基沙地樟子松林稳定性高于章古台．

21世纪中国地理学发展的若干思考

20世纪我国现代地理学的发展取得了辉煌成就,同时也面临着许多挑战和机遇。基于地球系统科学的最新研究成果与发展态势,结合我国地理学发展的自身特点及国家需求,本文从理论研究、方法论、学科建设、能力建设等方面,对21世纪我国地理学发展的若干问题进行了思考和探索。

三江源自然保护区土地覆被变化特征分析

基于中国土地利用/覆被遥感分类系统,利用1970年代中后期、1980年代末、2004年和2008年4期遥感图像分析三江源自然保护区近30a来土地覆被类型面积变化、转类途径与幅度及各保护区各圈层转类指数变化特征,结果表明:近30a来,草地总面积经历了一个增加-减少-增加的过程。自然保护区1970年代中后期至1980年代末和1980年代末至2004年土地覆被类型变化主要是草地覆盖度下降,土地覆被总体上具有转差趋势。近4a来草地退化趋势得到遏制,大部分的保护区和内部各圈层土地覆被都有转好趋势,可能与《规划》实施有关。

基于LandsatTM/ETM数据的锡林河流域土地覆盖变化

根据1987年、1991年、1997年和2000年4期LandsatTM/ETM影像的土地利用/土地覆盖分类结果,运用地理信息系统空间分析方法,分析了内蒙古锡林河流域1987~2000年间各土地利用类型及草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原的数量变化和空间变化特征。分析结果显示,锡林河流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化的主要特征为草甸草原、典型草原面积的大幅减少和荒漠草原、农田和沙漠化土地面积的大幅增加及城镇的扩张。其中面积增加最大的是荒漠草原,增加了2328km2;相当于1987年荒漠草原面积的56%。农田和城镇面积逐年增大,分别从1987年的114.3km2和25.2km2增加到2000年的332.1km2和43.6km2。面积减少最多的是羊草+丛生禾草、羊草+杂类草等优良高产温带典型草原类型,共减少2040km2。草甸草原面积亦呈逐年减少的趋势,从1987年的1103km2减少到2000年375km2,面积减少了65.9%。农田、沙化地及城镇等非草原土地利用类型面积增加了62.5%。

对强震迁移的统计分析:以华北地区为例

目前对强震迁移的研究多是集中在发现迁移现象方面,一些总结迁移规律的尝试则较为主观。本文认为,强震迁移如果具有规律性则其迁移指标应具有某种统计意义,并且对整体数据集的统计分析可避免传统迁移分析方法中的问题。通过对华北地区强震迁移的3个指标(迁移方位、迁移距离、迁移时间)的统计分析,表明研究地区存在较明显的优势迁移方向(西偏南-东偏北方向)、优势迁移距离(100km内以及300～700km范围)和优势迁移时间间隔(1年内以及3～4年内),不同震级范围以及不同活跃期内的迁移特征略有区别。

NDVI spatial pattern and its differentiation on the Mongolian Plateau

GIMMS NDVI database and geo-statistics were used to depict the spatial distribution and temporal stability of NDVI on the Mongolian Plateau. The results demonstrated that: (1) Regions of interest with high NDVI indices were distributed primarily in forested mountainous regions of the east and the north, areas with low NDVI indices were primarily distributed in the Gobi desert regions of the west and the southwest, and areas with moderate NDVI values were mainly distributed in a middle steppe strap from northwest to southeast. (2) The maximum NDVI values maintained for the past 22 years showed little variation. The average NDVI variance coefficient for the 22-year period was 15.2%. (3) NDVI distribution and vegetation cover showed spatial autocorrelations on a global scale. NDVI patterns from the vegetation cover also demonstrated anisotropy; a higher positive spatial correlation was indicated in a NW-SE direction, which suggested that vegetation cover in a NW-SE direction maintained increased integrity, and vegetation assemblage was mainly distributed in the same specific direction. (4) The NDVI spatial distribution was mainly controlled by structural factors, 88.7% of the total spatial variation was influenced by structural and 11.3% by random factors. And the global autocorrelation distance was 1178 km, and the average vegetation patch length (NW-SE) to width (NE-SW) ratio was approximately 2.4:1.0.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–5Al–0.4Mn–xNd (x=0, 1, 2 and 4) alloys

Mg-5Al-0.4Mn-xNd (x=0, 1, 2 and 4wt.%) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting method. The microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that Al11Nd3 phase was formed and mainly aggregated along the grain boundaries with the addition of Nd. Meanwhile, the grain sizes were greatly reduced with the increasing Nd content.

马钱苷的电喷雾串联质谱及傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱研究

利用电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MSn)技术研究马钱苷的质谱碎裂机理,探讨其碎裂方式,并利用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FTICR-MS)及SORI-CID高分辨率、高质量准确度对其碎裂机理进行验证研究。采用H/D交换和串联质谱的方法,发现马钱苷羟基上的活泼氢在质谱中性碎片丢失过程中较易被转移,表现出较大的化学活性。通过加入特定的Na+和Li+等碱金属离子,极大地提高了马钱苷化合物质谱分析的灵敏度,获得了更多的结构信息,建立了马钱苷化合物质谱鉴定和分析的新方法。

Hollow DNA/PLL microcapsules with tunable degradation property as efficient dual drug delivery vehicles by alpha-chymotrypsin degradation

Hollow deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/poly-L-lysine (PLL) capsules were successfully fabricated through a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of DNA and PLL on porous CaCO3 microparticles, followed by removal of templates with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). The enzymatic degradation of the capsules in the presence of alpha-chymotrypsin was explored. The higher the enzyme concentration, the higher is the degradation rate of hollow capsules. in addition, glutaric dialdehyde (GA) cross-linking was found to be another way to manipulate degradation rate of hollow capsules.

Blue long lasting phosphorescence of Tm3+ in zinc pyrophosphate phosphor

Phosphate long lasting phosphorescence (LLP) phosphors with composition of (Zn1-xTmx)(2)P2O7 were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. Their properties were systematically investigated utilizing XRD, photoluminescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence (TL) spectra. These phosphors emit blue light that is related to the characteristic emission due to the D-1(2)-H-3(6), D-1(2)-H-3(4) and (1)G(4)-H-3(6) transitions of Tm3+. After the UV light excitation source was switched off, the bright blue long lasting phosphorescence can be observed which could last for more than 1 h in the limit of light perception of dark-adapted human eyes (0.32 mcd/m(2)). Two TL peaks at 336 K and 415 K appeared in the TL spectrum. By analyzing the TL curve the depths of traps were calculated to be 0.67 eV and 0.97 eV, respectively.Also, the mechanism was discussed in this report.

NOVEL COMPOSITES OF POLY(L-LACTIDE) AND SURFACE MODIFIED BIOACTIVE SiO2-CaO-P2O5 GEL NANOPARTICLES: MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Bioactive SiO2-CaO-P2O5 gel (BAG) nanoparticles with 40 nm in diameter were synthesized by the sol-gel route and further modified via the ring-opening polymerization of lactide on the surface of particles. Surface modified BAG (mBAG) was introduced in poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) matrix as bioactive filler. The dispersibility of mBAG in PLLA matrix was much higher than that of rough BAG particles. Tensile strength of the mBAG/PLLA composite could be increased to 61.2 MPa at 2 wt% filler content from 53.4 MPa for pure PLLA. The variation of moduli of the BAG/PLLA and mBAG/PLLA composites always showed an enhancement tendency with the increasing content of filler loading. The SEM photographs of the fracture surfaces showed that mBAG could be homogeneously dispersed in the PLLA matrix, and the corrugated deformation could absorb the rupture energy effectively during the breaking of materials. In vitro bioactivity tests showed that both BAG and mBAG particles could endow the composites with ability of the calcium sediment in SBF, but the surface modification of BAG particles could weaken this capability to some extent. Biocompatibility tests showed that both BAG and mBAG particles could facilitate the attachment and proliferation of the marrow cells on the surface of the composite.