ZNRD1 (zinc ribbon domain-containing 1) is a host cellular factor that influences HIV-1 replication and disease progression.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) takes advantage of multiple host proteins to support its own replication. The gene ZNRD1 (zinc ribbon domain-containing 1) has been identified as encoding a potential host factor that influenced disease progression in HIV-positive individuals in a genomewide association study and also significantly affected HIV replication in a large-scale in vitro short interfering RNA (siRNA) screen. Genes and polymorphisms identified by large-scale analysis need to be followed up by means of functional assays and resequencing efforts to more precisely map causal genes. METHODS: Genotyping and ZNRD1 gene resequencing for 208 HIV-positive subjects (119 who experienced long-term nonprogression [LTNP] and 89 who experienced normal disease progression) was done by either TaqMan genotyping assays or direct sequencing. Genetic association analysis was performed with the SNPassoc package and Haploview software. siRNA and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) specifically targeting ZNRD1 were used to transiently or stably down-regulate ZNRD1 expression in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. Cells were infected with X4 and R5 HIV strains, and efficiency of infection was assessed by reporter gene assay or p24 assay. RESULTS: Genetic association analysis found a strong statistically significant correlation with the LTNP phenotype (single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1048412; [Formula: see text]), independently of HLA-A10 influence. siRNA-based functional analysis showed that ZNRD1 down-regulation by siRNA or shRNA impaired HIV-1 replication at the transcription level in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells. CONCLUSION: Genetic association analysis unequivocally identified ZNRD1 as an independent marker of LTNP to AIDS. Moreover, in vitro experiments pointed to viral transcription as the inhibited step. Thus, our data strongly suggest that ZNRD1 is a host cellular factor that influences HIV-1 replication and disease progression in HIV-positive individuals.

Traité de la Connaissance de Dieu et de soi-même (Nouv. éd.) / par Bossuet ; Nouvelle édition précédée d'une introduction, d'une analyse développée et d'appréciations philosophiques et critiques, par É. Lefranc,...

Collection : Nouvelle bibliothèque philosophique des aspirants au baccalauréat ès lettres

Tasavallan Presidentti Urho Kekkosen vierailu Unkariin 26.9.-1.10.1969 (Tasavallan Presidentin Unkariin saapumispuhe 26.9.1969)

Puhe

Diversidad de diatomeas y dinoflagelados marinos del Perú

Se presenta una relación de las diatomeas y dinoflagelados registrados en el mar peruano, desde 1950 hasta la fecha. El área estudiada se extiende de los 3°30'S a l8°30'S hasta una distancia aproximada de 300 millas náuticas de la costa. En esta área pdrticipan cuatro masas de agua de características diferentes que propician una alta diversidad específica. Se identificaron 169 especies de diatomeas y 208 de dinoflagelados que corresponden respectivamente, al12% y 14% del total de especies registradas a nivel mundial. Dos géneros de diatomeas y dos de dinoflagelados contienen casi la totalidad de especies.

Chronic wound healing by fetal cell therapy may be explained by differential gene profiling observed in fetal versus old skin cells.

Engineering of fetal tissue has a high potential for the treatment of acute and chronic wounds of the skin in humans as these cells have high expansion capacity under simple culture conditions and one organ donation can produce Master Cell Banks which can fabricate over 900 million biological bandages (9 x 12cm). In a Phase 1 clinical safety study, cases are presented for the treatment of therapy resistant leg ulcers. All eight patients, representing 13 ulcers, tolerated multiple treatments with fetal biological bandages showing no negative secondary effects and repair processes similar to that seen in 3rd degree burns. Differential gene profiling using Affymetrix gene chips (analyzing 12,500 genes) were accomplished on these banked fetal dermal skin cells compared to banked dermal skin cells of an aged donor in order to point to potential indicators of wound healing. Families of genes involved in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix, cell cycle, cellular signaling, development and immune response show significant differences in regulation between banked fetal and those from banked old skin cells: with approximately 47.0% of genes over-expressed in fetal fibroblasts. It is perhaps these differences which contribute to efficient tissue repair seen in the clinic with fetal cell therapy.

Construção espontânea na cidade da Praia O caso do bairro Safende

O estudo teve como objectivo analisar o fenómeno da construção espontânea no bairro de Safende no tocante a ocupação do solo. Para tal fez-se a caracterização geral do bairro, definiuse as tipologias das habitações, foi feito o levantamento de parâmetros urbanísticos e estudouse a malha urbana presente no bairro. Foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa, com dados adquiridos a partir do questionário aplicado a 50 famílias, e entrevistas às pessoas do bairro, bem como aos técnicos que actuam nessa área. Notou-se que a ocupação do solo por intermédio da construção espontânea tem vindo a aumentar, criando vários problemas a nível urbanístico e sociológico.

Junassa Chicagosta lähdettyä Kansas Cityn länsipuolella 17/7 1932

Kirje 17.7.1932

Päätoimittaja Pauli Myllymäki 22/4 1974

Kirje 22.4.1974