The analysis of ecstasy tablets in a forensic drug intelligence perspective

The use by police services and inquiring agencies of forensic data in an intelligence perspective is still fragmentary and to some extent ignored. In order to increase the efficiency of criminal investigation to target illegal drug trafficking organisations and to provide valuable information about their methods, it is necessary to include and interpret objective drug analysis results already during the investigation phase. The value of visual, physical and chemical data of seized ecstasy tablets, as a support for criminal investigation on a strategic and tactical level has been investigated. In a first phase different characteristics of ecstasy tablets have been studied in order to define their relevance, variation, correlation and discriminating power in an intelligence perspective. During 5 years, over 1200 cases of ecstasy seizures (concerning about 150000 seized tablets) coming from different regions of Switzerland (City and Canton of Zurich, Cantons Ticino, Neuchâtel and Geneva) have been systematically recorded. This turned out to be a statistically representative database including large and small cases. During the second phase various comparison and clustering methods have been tested and evaluated, on the type and relevance of tablet characteristics, thus increasing knowledge about synthetic drugs, their manufacturing and trafficking. Finally analytical methodologies have been investigated and formalised, applying traditional intelligence methods. In this context classical tools, which are used in criminal analysis (like the I2 Analyst Notebook, I2 Ibase, ?) have been tested and adapted to address the specific need of forensic drug intelligence. The interpretation of these links provides valuable information about criminal organisations and their trafficking methods. In the final part of this thesis practical examples illustrate the use and value of such information.

The Influence of Process Conditions on the Deresination Efficiency in Mechanical Pulp Washing

The aim of this thesis was to produce information for the estimation of the flow balance of wood resin in mechanical pulping and to demonstrate the possibilities for improving the efficiency of deresination in practice. It was observed that chemical changes in wood resin take place only during peroxide bleaching, a significant amount of water dispersed wood resin is retained in the pulp mat during dewatering and the amount of wood resin in the solid phase of the process filtrates is very small. On the basis of this information there exist three parameters related to behaviour of wood resin that determine the flow balance in the process: 1. The liberation of wood resin to the pulp water phase 2. Theretention of water dispersed wood resin in dewatering 3. The proportion of wood resin degraded in the peroxide bleaching The effect of different factors on these parameters was evaluated with the help of laboratory studies and a literature survey. Also, information related to the values of these parameters in existing processes was obtained in mill measurements. With the help of this information, it was possible to evaluate the deresination efficiency and the effect of different factors on this efficiency in a pulping plant that produced low-freeness mechanical pulp. This evaluation showed that the wood resin content of mechanical pulp can be significantly decreased if there exists, in the process, a peroxide bleaching and subsequent washing stage. In the case of an optimal process configuration, as high as a 85 percent deresination efficiency seems to be possible with a water usage level of 8 m3/o.d.t.

Proyecto de puesta en marcha de una explotación de porcino de 672 cerdas reproductoras en ciclo cerrado en el término municipal de Viana de Duero (Soria)

El present Projecte es basa en el disseny, construcció i engegada d'una explotació intensiva de 672 truges en cicle tancat per a la producció de porc “blanc” amb orientació càrnia i en règim d'integració. L'explotació estarà composta de diverses construccions: Nau de cubrició-control-gestació, nau de maternitat i deslleti-transició, quatre naus d'esquer, nau de quarentena, naus d'infermeria per a reproductores i per a porcs en esquer, així com altres instal·lacions accessòries per al correcte funcionament de l'explotació. Aquestes són caseta multiusos, bassa de purins i dipòsit d'emmagatzematge d'aigua.

Estudi de la dinàmica poblacional de la guatlla (Coturnix c. coturnix) a les províncies de: Ourense, Lleó, Soria, Osca i Cadis durant la mitja veda del 2008

Estudi de la dinàmica poblacional de la guatlla, a partir de 507 mostres d’ales provinents de les províncies de: Ourense, Lleó, Soria, Osca i Cadis durant la campanya 2008. Els estudis que s’han realitzat són: Identificar possibles diferències en les variables biomètriques analitzades; Quantificar la superfície útil, la densitat relativa i la densitat absoluta; Determinar i comparar l’estructura de les poblacions a partir dels índexs: raó de sexe i raó d’edat; Avaluar l’estat de la muda de les guatlles; Calcular el període d’eclosió dels individus; Extreure una sèrie de conclusions sobre la biologia i la caça de l’au.

Sur le décret du 15 juillet 1791, relatif à l'évasion du roi : adressé à un ami de la constitution, au mois d'août 1791 ([Reprod.]) / par M. Boissy d'Anglas,...

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 6.3.183

De la Iltiŕta prerromana a la Ilerda tardorromana. Nuevos datos tras dos décadas de investigación continuada en Lérida

La antigua Ilerda (Hispania Citerior), bien conocida por las fuentes escritas y numismáticas republicanas e iniperiales, no contaba con un conocimiento arqueológico paralelo. Las excavaciones continuas de los últimos años han variado sustancialmente este panorama (sobre todo las más recientes) y hoy podemos aventurar su evolución histórica con unos datos más fiables, así como ,su extensión y principales características por etapas.

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Sarraïns sota el domini de la família Montcada: les aljames de la baronia d'Aitona al segle XV

L'any 1212 la família Montcada es fa amb el control de l´àrea del Baix Segre, una de les mes densament habitades en època islàmica. Dos segles després, tot i la profunda implantació del sistema feudal, la comunitat musulmana no només hi conserva una forta presencia poblacional sinó que a més mante vives bona part de les seves institucions. Aquesta comunitat -organitzada en aljames- es concentra en les viles d’Aitona, Seròs i Mequinensa, on constitueix el gruix de la població. Aquesta tensió entre els antics i els nous marcs de relacions en que es mou la comunitat islàmica (materialitzats en sistemes de tinença com l’emfiteusi) conferí a la zona un caire marcadament singular.

Rendimiento matemático en contextos bilingües: análisis de la incidencia de algunas variables del contexto socio-educativo

El trabajo que se presenta en este artículo se sitúa en el contexto bilingüe de la provincia de Lleida en la que coexisten dos lenguas en contacto, el catalán y el castellano, si bien existe un predominio de uso familiar y escolar de la primera de ellas. En este contexto, nuestro estudio analiza cómo influyen en el rendimiento en matemáticas las variables del contexto educativo de condición lingüística familiar y situación socio-profesional de la familia, así como las variables individuales de conciente intelectual y autoconcepto matemático. Los resultados globales muestran, en primer lugar, la importancia del lenguaje como instrumento mediador de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos, ya que el rendimiento de los alumnos en esta área curricular está en función del dominio y el uso de la lengua vehicular de la enseñanza —el catalán—. En segundo lugar, se constata una correlación significativa entre el rendimiento matemático y las variables individuales de cociente intelectual y el autoconcepto sobre el propio rendimiento matemático.

La pesca en la España del siglo XVIII. Una aproximacion cuantitativa (1758–1765)

La pesca es, sin duda, un sector olvidado por las investigaciones sobre la historia económica de la España moderna. Sin embargo, su importancia era relevante tanto desde el punto de vista de la movilización de capitales (barcos y equipos) como en los aspectos de ocupación de la población activa (con porcentajes nada desdeñables en la periferia peninsular), de vertebración de las economías del litoral español o de producción de alimentos imprescindibles para el consumo del conjunto de la población de un país católico. En el siglo XVIII, la incapacidad para una comercialización adecuada de los excedentes locales implicaba una dependencia para el abastecimiento de buena parte del país respecto de los mercantes extranjeros del Atlántico (singularmente de los barcos ingleses); situación que se quebraría en parte gracias a un proceso de reconversión del sector, mediante la introducción de la pesca de arrastre en gran escala, la inyección de capitales para la construcción de barcos y de otras instalaciones, así como para el establecimiento de ambiciosas compañías lejos de los puertos de atraque, la organización de redes de distribución de las capturas por todo el litoral y la implantación de una industria salazonera que permitía la conservación de la pesca.

Bond strength tests of dental adhesive systems and their correlation with clinical results : a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the variability of bond strength test results of adhesive systems (AS) and to correlate the results with clinical parameters of clinical studies investigating cervical restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Regarding the clinical studies, the internal database which had previously been used for a meta-analysis on cervical restorations was updated with clinical studies published between 2008 and 2012 by searching the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. PubMed and the International Association for Dental Research abstracts online were searched for laboratory studies on microtensile, macrotensile and macroshear bond strength tests. The inclusion criteria were (1) dentin, (2) testing of at least four adhesive systems, (3) same diameter of composite and (4) 24h of water storage prior to testing. The clinical outcome variables were retention loss, marginal discoloration, detectable margins, and a clinical index comprising the three parameters by weighing them. Linear mixed models which included a random study effect were calculated for both, the laboratory and the clinical studies. The variability was assessed by calculating a ratio of variances, dividing the variance among the estimated bonding effects obtained in the linear mixed models by the sum of all variance components estimated in these models. RESULTS: Thirty-two laboratory studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria comprising 183 experiments. Of those, 86 used the microtensile test evaluating 22 adhesive systems (AS). Twenty-seven used the macrotensile test with 17 AS, and 70 used the macroshear test with 24 AS. For 28 AS the results from clinical studies were available. Microtensile and macrotensile (Spearman rho=0.66, p=0.007) were moderately correlated and also microtensile and macroshear (Spearman rho=0.51, p=0.03) but not macroshear and macrotensile (Spearman rho=0.34, p=0.22). The effect of the adhesive system was significant for microtensile and macroshear (p<0.001) but not for macrotensile. The effect of the adhesive system could explain 36% of the variability of the microtensile test, 27% of the macrotensile and 33% of the macroshear test. For the clinical trials, about 49% of the variability of retained restorations could be explained by the adhesive system. With respect to the correlation between bond strength tests and clinical parameters, only a moderate correlation between micro- and macrotensile test results and marginal discoloration was demonstrated. However, no correlation between these tests and a retention loss or marginal integrity was shown. The correlation improved when more studies were included compared to assessing only one study. SIGNIFICANCE: The high variability of bond strength test results highlights the need to establish individual acceptance levels for a given test institute. The weak correlation of bond-strength test results with clinical parameters leads to the conclusion that one should not rely solely on bond strength tests to predict the clinical performance of an adhesive system but one should conduct other laboratory tests like tests on the marginal adaptation of fillings in extracted teeth and the retention loss of restorations in non-retentive cavities after artificial aging.

Short-term effects of particulate matters on pulse pressure in two general population studies.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the association of short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 μm (PM10) with pulse pressure, SBP, and DBP taking outdoor temperature into account in two large population-based studies in Switzerland. METHODS: We used data from the Bus Santé study including 5605 adults in Geneva and the CoLaus study including 6183 adults in Lausanne. PM10 and meteorological data were measured from fixed monitoring stations. We analyzed the association of short-term exposure to PM10 (on the day of examination visit and up to 7 days before) with pulse pressure, SBP, and DBP by linear regression, controlling for potential confounders and effect modifiers. RESULTS: Average PM10 levels were 22.4 μg/m in Geneva and 31.7 μg/m in Lausanne. In adjusted models, for each 10 μg/m increase in 7-day PM10 average, pulse pressure and SBP increased by 0.583 (95% confidence interval, 0.296-0.870) mmHg and 0.490 (0.056-0.925) mmHg in Geneva, and 0.183 (0.017-0.348) mmHg and 0.036 (0.042-0.561) mmHg in Lausanne, respectively. Stronger associations of pulse pressure and SBP with PM10 were observed when outdoor temperature was above 5°C. CONCLUSION: Positive associations of pulse pressure and SBP with short-term exposure to PM10 were found and replicated in the Swiss adult population. Our results suggest that even low levels of air pollution may substantially impact cardiovascular risk in the general population.