陇西栽培黄芪不同生长期甲甙含量变化研究

陇西人工栽培黄芪不同生长期黄芪甲甙含量的定期检测结果表明,不同时期黄芪甲甙含量变化较大.生长初期,甲甙快速积累,6月中旬含量比例达到最高,随后甲甙含量比例下降,至9月中旬达到最低点.其后又快速增长,到10月中旬再次达到高峰.按照黄芪的产量和甲甙含量积累变化规律,为保障产量和活性成分含量最大,确定10月中旬为最佳采收时间.

Comparative study on CO2 emissions from different types of alpine meadows during grass exuberance period

Potentilla fruticosa scrub, Kobresia humilis meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO2 emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO2emission rates from various treatments were 672.09+152.37 mgm-2h-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41+191.99 mgrn-2h-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36+174.83 mgrn-2h-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95+237.02 mgm-2h-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48+205.67 mgm-2h-1for GC (grass treatment); 268.97 ±99.72 mgm-2h-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm-2h-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore, Kobresia humilis meadow, Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow and Kobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO2 emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG＞FC＞LC＞GC. Moreover, in Kobresia humilis meadow,heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, in Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from G-G; 49% and 51%from GC. In addition, root respiration from Kobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO2m-2h-1,contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period, Kobresia humilis meadow and Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 grn-2 and 243.89 grn-2,respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO2 emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and CO2 emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture may be the inhibitory factor of CO2 emission from Kobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research.

Comparative Study on Antioxidant Systems of Polygonum Viviparum Grown at Two Different Altitudes

Study on the antioxidant systems of Polygonum viviparumgrown at two different altitudes indicated plants grown at Haibei Research Station at 3200 m altitude as compared with plants grown in Xining at 2300 m altitude had apparently higher contents of ultroviolet-absorbing compounds and ascorbic acid, and significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase. Higher contents of superoxide radical anions and malonadehyde were also found in plants at Haibei Research Station as compared with the plants grown in Xining which have been transplanted from Haibei Research Station for at least four years. The differences in antioxidant system reflect a long term of time of adaptation to different environments.

模拟降水对高寒矮嵩草草甸群落影响的初步研究

通过野外控制实验，研究了高寒矮篙草草甸不同植物类群、群落对模拟增减降水条件下的响应。结果表明，不同植物类群(禾草类、莎草类)增加降水20％，地上生物量分别比对照提高103．63、77．12g／m^2。在植物生长期(6月)，增加降水20％及40％，植物群落物种多样性指数(H)分别比对照提高0．188和0．735；而均匀度指数(J)在增加降水40％时，提高了0．086。生长期(7月)增加降水20％，物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别提高0．409和0．07。当降水增加20％时，植物群落中禾草类的重要值较对照提高了0．92。

高寒退化与未退化草甸土壤下匍匐茎鹅绒萎陵菜的克隆生长特征的比较

通过鹅绒萎陵菜的野外移栽试验，分析了在矮蒿草草甸土壤和退化草甸土壤下该种植物的克隆繁殖特征。结果表明，在母株产生的匍匐茎数量、母株高度和叶片大小在两类不同土壤下没有明显差异，母株叶片数、匍匐茎的粗度、匍匐茎长度以及间隔子的长度有较明显的差异。在退化草甸土壤中母株叶片较多，匍匐茎长度和间隔子长度明显较长，匍匐茎直径也明显较大。在退化草甸环境中，由于土壤养分相对较缺乏，鹅绒萎陵菜可能通过增加母株叶片的数量，尽可能多地积累光合产物，来保证匍匐茎的生长，匍匐茎也以增加粗度和增加长度来尽量增强其觅食能力。鹅绒萎陵菜在生物量投资分配上也表现出一定的差异。与退化草甸土壤环境相比，在未退化草甸土壤中，鹅绒委陵菜克隆母株和分株的生物量均明显偏向地下部分（根系）的投资，以期从土壤中吸收更多的养分，从而最终提高了株的成活率。

高寒矮蒿草草甸群落植物多样性和初级生产力对模拟降水的响应

通过野外控制实验,研究了高寒矮嵩草草甸群落植物多样性、初级生产力对模拟降雨条件的响应.结果表明:(1)在植物生长期(6月),增加降雨20%、增加降雨40%,植物群落物种多样性指数(H)和均匀度指数(J)分别比对照提高了0.188和0.011、0.735和0.076,生长期(7月)增加降雨20%物种H和J提高了0.409和0.07;(2)禾草类:增加降雨20%处理的地上生物量与对照相比没有明显的显著性差异(P＞0.05),增加降雨40%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),说明过多增加降雨会抑制禾草的生长发育.杂类草:减少降雨50%处理的地上生物量与对照相比差异显著(P＜0.05),其地上生物量对减少降雨的反映比较敏感.莎草类:其地上生物量对增加和减少降雨都没有显著变化;(3)0～10 cm和0～30 cm土层地下生物量均在增加降雨20%时最高,地下生物量的总量也在增加降雨20%时最高;(4)矮嵩草草甸地下生物量与地上生物量、总生物量的比值接近于生长季末时最大,且在模拟增加降雨20%的水平时,7、8、9月份地下和地上生物量较其它处理组高.

草毡寒冻雏形土CO_2释放特征

研究了植物生长季节海北高寒草甸生态系统高寒嵩草草甸覆被下草毡寒冻雏形土的 CO2 释放速率。其结果表明：CO2 释放速率有明显的日变化和季节动态。日最大排放速率多出现在 1 4 :0 0～ 1 6:0 0时 ,最小排放速率在 6:0 0～ 8:0 0时。植物生长季日最大振幅为 797.75mg/m2·h,最小振幅 1 97.33mg/m2·h。CO2 排放白天大于夜晚。不同物候期 CO2 释放速率不同,其顺序为草盛期>枯黄期>返青期。生长季土壤CO2释放速率的范围是4 41 .72 mg/m2 · h± 1 55.2 9mg/m2· h,最大日均值为 681 .0 6mg/m2 · h( 7月 1 6日 )，最低值176.65 mg/m2 · h(6 月1 日)。退化草地土壤CO2 释放速率明显低于未退化草地, 生长季平均日均值低137.47 mg/m2 · h。相关分析表明: 土壤CO 2 排放速率与气温、地表温度、土壤5cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm 地温均呈显著和极显著相关关系。温度是影响土壤CO2 释放速率的主要因子。

捕食干扰对 Myospalax baileyi 种群繁殖力的影响

采用去除法对高原鼢鼠种群繁殖力的变化进行了研究。结果表明, 在未受干扰的种群内有50% 的雌性成体不参与繁殖, 其平均胎仔数3.4只, 种群受干扰后其成体鼠的比例下降, 幼体鼠的比例相对提高, 繁殖鼠的比例和平均胎仔数均相应增加, 随着干扰程度的加剧, 其繁殖力也明显增加。土壤硬度和杂类草生物量决定了高原鼢鼠的种群密度, 而种群密度是影响繁殖力的主要因素, 未受捕食干扰的种群其数量接近于环境容纳量, 由于密度作用使其繁殖力较低, 而在捕食干扰的种群中由于密度降低, 种群内压力减少, 使种群的繁殖力增加。

Seasonal regulations of energetics, serum concentrations of leptin, and uncoupling protein 1 content of brown adipose tissue in root voles (Microtus oeconomus) from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Survival of small mammals in winter requires proper adjustments in physiology, behavior and morphology. The present study was designed to examine the changes in serum leptin concentration and the molecular basis of thermogenesis in seasonally acclimatized root voles (Microtus oeconomus) from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. In January root voles had lower body mass and body fat mass coupled with higher nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) capacity. Consistently, cytochrome c oxidase activity and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) protein contents in brown adipose tissues were higher in January as compared to that in July. Circulating level of serum leptin was significantly lower in winter and higher in July. Correlation analysis showed that serum leptin levels were positively related with body mass and body fat mass while negatively correlated with UCP1 protein contents. Together, these data provided further evidence for our previous findings that root voles from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau mainly depend on higher NST coupled with lower body mass to enhance winter survival. Further, fat deposition was significantly mobilized in cold winter and leptin was potentially involved in the regulation of body mass and thermogenesis in root voles. Serum leptin might act as a starvation signal in winter and satiety signal in summer.

一种多目标快速识别的图象处理方法研究

本文针对实时序列图像多目标识别问题提出了一种快速图象处理方法.该方法依据一定的先验知识和准则，对复杂背景图像进行窗口化，使用局部灰度自适应重新量化和最大精分割处理，实现了对全景视场内预定目标的快速准确提取和识别。为动态环境中多目标条件下移动机器人的视觉定位、导航和目标跟踪所需图像处理技术提供了一种新的方法。

内蒙古龙头山Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿模式及找矿模型

The recent years research indicated that middle-south section of Da Hinggan Mountains metallogenic belt has two periods(Hercynian and Yanshanian) characteristics of metallogenesis, as well as the most of ore deposits in the area closely relate to Permian strata. Longtoushan ore deposit discovered in 2004 is an Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic ore deposit born in Permian and located in the east hillside of the metallogenic belt, which has considerable resources potentials. It has important research value for its good metallogenic location and blank research history. Base on the detail field geology studies, the geology characteristics of "two stages and three kinds of metallogensis" has established. According to further work through geochemistry research including trace element, REE, S, Pb and Sr isotope, as well as petrography, microtemperature measurement, Laser Raman analysis and thermodynamics calculation of fluid inclusion, origin and characteristic of the ore-forming material and fluid has been discussed. And a new technology of single pellet Rb-Sr isochrones has been tried for dating its born time. Bae on above work, study of ore deposit comparison has been carried out, and metallogesis controlling factor and geological prospecting symbol have been summarized. Finally, metallogenic model and prospecting model have been established. According to above, the next step work direction has been proposed. Main achievement of the paper are listed as follow: 1.Longtoushan ore deposit has experienced two metallogenic periods including hot-water sedimentation period and hydrothermal reformation period. There are three kinds of metallizing phase: bedded(or near-bedded) phase, vein-shaped phase and pipe-shaped phase. The mian metallogenic period is hot-water sedimentation period. 2.Ore deposit geochemistry research indicated that the metal sulfides have charcateristic of hot-water sedimentation metallogensis, but generally suffered later hydrothermal transformation. The barite mineral isotope content is homogenous, showing the seabed hot-water sedimentation origin characteristic. Wall rock, such as tuff is one of metallogenic material origins. Both of Pb model age and Rb-Sr isochrone research older age value than that of strata, possibly for been influenced by hydrothermal transformation, and interfusion of ancient basis material. 3.There are two kinds of main metallogenic fluid inclusion in barite of the Longtoushan ore deposit, which are rich gas phase( C type) and liquid phase (D type). Their size is 2～7um, and principal components is H2O. Both kinds of fluid inclusion have freezing point temperature -7.1～-2.4℃ and -5.5～-0.3℃, salinity 4.0～10.6wt% and 0.5～8.5wt%, homogeneous temperature 176.8～361.6℃ and 101.4～279.9℃, which peak value around 270℃ and 170℃, respectively. Density of the ore-forming fluid is 0.73～0.97g/cm3, and metallogenic pressure is 62.3×105～377.9×105Pa. Above characteristic of the fluid inclusion are well geared to that of ore deposit originated in seabed hot-water sedimentation. 4.Through the comparison research, that Longtoushan ore deposit has main characteristic of hot-water sedimentation ore deposit has been indicated. Ore-forming control factor and prospecting symbol of it has been summarized, as well as metallogenic model and prospecting model. Next step work direction about prospecting has also been proposed finally.

贵州平坝县白云岩风化壳中稀土元素分布特征之初步研究

本文报道了平坝白云岩风化剖面风化前缘稀土元素超常规富集(总量达3％ 以 上)现象及其特征，并通过主元素、稀土元素的测定，结合白云岩中“酸不溶物”的提取和代表性样品的化学淋溶实验研究，讨论了白云岩风化壳剖面稀土元素的丹异特征．认为风化前缘稀土元素的富集是由3方面的因素共同作用造成的：1)对白云岩风化残积的继承；2)剖面上部一部分轻稀土淋滤聚积；3)碳酸盐岩中非均匀分布的原生含磷矿物风化产生的稀土磷酸盐矿物的聚集，后者是最重要的原因。

锑的表生地球化学行为与环境危害效应

锑(Sb) 是一种典型的有毒有害重金属元素。由于自然过程和人为活动的影响,锑及其化合物广泛分布于大气、土壤、水体等表生环境中,锑的环境污染日益严重。Sb 不是植物必需元素,但能够被植物体及农作物吸收。Sb 对人体和动物体产生慢性毒性及潜在致癌性。本文主要通过分析Sb 的主要矿物、锑及其化合物在表生环境中的分布与迁移特性,来阐述人体可能的锑暴露途径及由此产生的环境危害效应。

2．0GPa、室温至1200℃条件下斜长角闪岩的纵波速度及其衰减

利用YJ－3000t压力机，在2．0GPa、室温至1200℃条件下，测量了新疆库地地区斜长角闪岩的纵波速度（vp）和力学品质因子（Q值）。实验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的vp和Q值随温度的升高而降低，在升温的初始阶段，vp和Q值随温度下降的幅度较小，随着温度的升高其下降的幅度逐渐增大；由于斜长角闪岩的各向异性，导致了在三个方向上vp随温度而下降的幅度显著增大时的温度不同，其中x和y方向为812℃，z方向为673℃。而在各方向上的Q值随温度下降的幅度显著增大时的温度相差不大，约为812℃。观察回收的实验产物表明：当温度大于647℃时，产物中开始出现熔体，vp在x和y方向上的下降幅度没有明显的变化，而在x方向上的下降幅度增大；此时熔体对Q值的影响不大。当温度大于812℃时，产物中的熔体含量明显增多，vp和Q值下降的幅度都显著增大。据此认为，部分熔融是弹性波速度减小和衰减增大的主要原因.

Isotope Geochemistry of Gold Ore Deposits in the Gezhen Shear Zone, Qiongxi, Hainan Island

Gold deposits hosted in the Gezhen shear zone at Qingxi, Hainan Island occur in the Precambrian metamorphic rock series and are regionally developed in the N-E direction along the tectonic zone. From northeast to southwest are distributed the Tuwaishan-Baoban gold mining district, the Erjia gold mining district and the Bumo gold mining district, making up the most industrially important gold metallogenesis zone on the Hainan Island. Isotope geochemical studies of the typical gold deposits in this metallogen