Avaliaçāo do estado dum recurso e da pesca

One of the key sectors of fisheries research is assessment and exploration which should have as main goal the support to the fishing industry: analyzing the effects of fishing on stocks, determining the potential stock to be exploited and the formulation of rules for an appropriate exploitation and preservation of resources. In this paper the author intends to analyze some aspects of the investigation in support to fishery management.

Techno-economic analysis of production and marketing of marine by-products in India

Marine by-products coming under the ancillary products group found many applications in pharmaceutical and industrial sectors. Although many of these products are fetching very high price at the export market, adequate statistics regarding their current production, marketing and utilisation is lacking. The present analysis deals with the production potential, level of exploitation, uses, export growth rate and potential for the future of some of these marine by-products. The analysis revealed that an estimated quantity of 205 t. of shells, 10 t. of gastropod operculum, 4,932 t. of shark liver oil and 4,384 t. of shark cartilage could be produced annually in India with the current landings. The production potential of chitin is estimated as 3,560 t. from shrimp shell wastes and 1,354 t. from crab shell wastes. The high unit value of different products clearly indicates the scope for their development by evolving appropriate utilisation and marketing strategies.

棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液中促胰岛素释放肽的分离纯化、基因克隆及活性分析

通过分离纯化棕点湍蛙(Amolops loloensis)皮肤分泌液中的生物活性物质,得到有促胰岛素释放活性的分离峰,并鉴定其结构.采用葡聚糖Sephadex G-50凝胶层析和反相高效液相(RP-HPLC)等手段对棕点湍蛙皮肤分泌液进行分离纯化,利用胰岛素释放实验进行活性检测,Edman降解法测定活性峰的氨基酸序列,反转录法构建cDNA文库并克隆其基因.得到一个具有显著的促胰岛素释放活性的十六肽,测得其氨基酸序列为:FMPIvGKsMSGLSGKL-NH2,命名为amolopin-1.由cDNA(开放阅读框为192bp)推导的氨基酸一级结构显示,其前体由64个氨基酸残基(aa)组成,包括高度保守的信号肽(22aa),酸性肽以及成熟肽.经过数据库序列比对,从棕点湍蛙皮肤中得到一个新的促胰岛素释放肽,进一步分析其作用机理和药代动力学,极有可能得到一个新的治疗糖尿病的降糖药物.

大蹼铃蟾抗微生物肽及其制备方法和其基因

本发明涉及一种大蹼铃蟾抗微生物肽及其制备方法和其基因，属于生物医学领域。抗微生物肽为从中国两栖类动物大蹼铃蟾(Bombina maxima)皮肤分泌物中分离得到的一种单链多肽，分子量2840，等电点983，多肽氨基酸全序列一级结构为：NH2－SIGAKILGGVKTFFKGALKELASTYLQ－NH2。制备方法是收集大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌物，离心去除沉淀、冷冻干燥后，经离子交换、高压液相反相柱层析分离纯化后得到。编码抗微生物肽的基因由663个核苷酸组成，其中编码成熟抗微生物肽为第165－245位核苷酸。抗微生物肽具有广谱和显著的抑制细菌和真菌生长作用。抗微生物肽基因作为基因工程制备抗微生物肽的应用。

Ecology of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of Mangalore, west coast of India

Phytoplankton cell count, percentage composition and species diversity at 4 locations of different depth contours in the coastal waters of Mangalore, west coast of India were studied for a period of 8 months. A total of 27 genera of phytoplankton were recorded from the area of which 20 belonged to diatoms, 6 /dinoflagellates and 1 blue-green algae. On an average the population density was higher at 4 m depth contour (280.48xl04 cells/m3 ) than 8m depth contour (97.79xl04 cells/m3 ). The plankton cell density in the present study is much higher than the earlier observations made elsewhere which might be due to intense blooming of Chaetoceros, Cosctnodiscus, Ceratium, Dinophysis and blue-green algae along this coast during the study period.

Synthetic fibres for fishing gear

A variety of synthetic fibres are at present in use as fishing gear material, the earliest one being the polyvinyl chloride group introduced for traps in 1936 (von. Brandt 1957). Since then synthetic fibres became increasingly popular among the advanced fishing nations of the world. The latest synthetic fibre which has been successfully used in fishing is polypropylene developed in Italy in 1954.

Distribution of pantothenic acid in fish

The distribution of pantothenic acid in free and bound forms in various fish species is reported. It is observed that the fish muscle contains on an average about 12.0µ g pantothenic acid per g. About 60% of the pantothenic acid is present in the bound form as coenzyme A in the fish skeletal muscle.

HIV-1核衣壳蛋白NCp7的功能及其抑制剂研究进展

NCp7在HIV-1生活周期中多个步骤发挥重要的核酸分子伴侣作用.抑制NCp7的功能可阻断HIV-1复制.NCp7含有两个高度保守的锌指结构,对NCp7的功能起决定性作用.锌指结构突变将导致HIV-1丧失感染能力.NCp7抑制剂可望成为下一代不容易产生耐药突变的抗HIV-1药物.本文就NCp7抑制剂目前的研究进展作简略综述.

How is somatosensory information used to adapt to changes in the mechanical environment?

Recent studies examining adaptation to unexpected changes in the mechanical environment highlight the use of position error in the adaptation process. However, force information is also available. In this chapter, we examine adaptation processes in three separate studies where the mechanical environment was changed intermittently. We compare the expected consequences of using position error and force information in the changes to motor commands following a change in the mechanical environment. In general, our results support the use of position error over force information and are consistent with current computational models of motor learning. However, in situations where the change in the mechanical environment eliminates position error the central nervous system does not necessarily respond as would be predicted by these models. We suggest that it is necessary to take into account the statistics of prior experience to account for our observations. Another deficiency in these models is the absence of a mechanism for modulating limb mechanical impedance during adaptation. We propose a relatively simple computational model based on reflex responses to perturbations which is capable of accounting for iterative changes in temporal patterns of muscle co-activation.

Shelf-life of rotary and solar tunnel dried SIS products under different packaging and storage conditions

A study was conducted on the shelf-life of rotary and solar tunnel dried SIS products under different packaging and storage conditions. Organoleptically dried products were found in good condition after a storage period of 60 days in ambient and chilled conditions. The moisture content, TVB-N value and bacterial load slightly increased during 60 days of storage in ambient and chilled conditions. The changes in moisture content and bacterial load were faster in ambient temperature than in chilled storage condition whereas changes in TVB-N value was higher in chilled condition than in ambient temperature. The initial moisture content was in the range of 13.71% to 22.84%. After 60 days of storage in ambient and chilled condition the moisture content of dried products was in the range of 15.09% to 25.11% and 14.49% to 25.01%, respectively. The initial TVB-N value was in the range of 10.64 to 17.52 mg/100g and after 60 days of storage in ambient and chilled condition, TVB-N value was in the range of 29.00 to 34.82 mg/100g and 31.41 to 39.11 mg/100g, respectively. The initial bacterial load was in the range of 1.91x10 super(8) to 2.84x10 super(8) and after 60 days of storage in ambient and chilled condition, the bacterial load was in the range of 6.2x10 super(8) to 1.8x10 super(9) and 5.75x10 super(7) to 5.05x10 super(8) CFU/g, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that it is necessary to store high quality dried products in sealed packed in chilled condition to ensure good quality up to a certain period of time.

Phenotype and Function of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells from Chinese Rhesus Macaques

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in linking the innate immunity and acquired immunity in responses to pathogen. Non-human primates such as Chinese Rhesus Macaque (CRM) are the favorable models for preclinical study of potential therapeutic drugs,

提高胚胎移植中受体牛妊娠率的研究进展

胚胎的质量和受体牛的质量是影响胚胎移植受体牛妊娠率的两个非人为因素。近年来人们在提高胚胎的质量和建立旨在提高受体牛质量的受体牛选择标准方面做了大量的工作,使胚胎移植工作中受体牛的妊娠率有了很大提高。从超数排卵、体外受精两种胚胎生产方法中如何提高胚胎的质量以及受体牛质量控制等方面介绍了有关研究概况和发展动态。

恒河猴、懒猴和树鼩的短时空间记忆功能与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性(英文)

该文研究探讨了进化地位不同的三种动物的短时空间记忆功能及其与前额叶背侧部进化水平的相关性. 结果表明, 在延缓反应作业中, 经1000次训练后, 7只恒河猴对空间位置的记忆时间平均为7.7±3.2min, 懒猴为3.8±0.44min, 而树鼩即使在延缓时间几乎为零秒的延缓反应中, 其正确反应率也未达到90%标准. 一种延缓时间仅测试一个单元, 即不经训练的实验表明, 恒河猴在延缓期为“0”—5min的各测试单元中, 正确反应率稳定在80%以上; 懒猴在延缓时间为“0”—4min的各测试单元中, 平均正确反应率与恒河猴无明显差异, 而当延缓时间增加到5min时, 在延缓反应作业中取得的成绩显著下降。

Merging effects of vitamin E and C on biological factors, blood characteristics and resistance against thermal stress in rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss)

This study was conducted to assay the effects of different levels of dietary vitamins C and E on growth indices and survival and resistance against thermal stress of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in pond culture of Marzan abad from December 2011 to February 2011. Seven diets were supplemented. 300 fish with the average weight of 17 g were introduced to ponds for 60 days. The results showed that the highest and the lowest weight gain were in fish fed with diet containing 50 mg/kg vitamin C and E and 0 mg/kg vitamin C and E(control) , respectively. The highest and the lowest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured in control and diet 50 mg/kg vitamin C and E. There is a significant difference in their treatments (P<0.05). Also, the lowest and highest amount of Weight Gain (WG) were observed in (E) treatment with 165.04% and 117.5% in control, the highest and lowest Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), Condition Factor (CF) was found in control and treatment 50 mg/kg vitamin C and E, respectively(P<0.05). In conclusion vitamin C and E have an important role in enhancement of growth performance and feed efficiency of rainbow trout.The highest red blood cells were found in combined treatments and which the vitamin C was added.The highest RBC were found in E treatment(1.1×104 /mm3) and the lowest one in control (P˂0.05). Counting white blood cells also confirmed highest quantity in combined treatments with (69.83×104/mm3) and the lowest one (28.83×104 /mm3) in control. In conclusion these vitamins have a significant role in blood characteristics. Meantime, the resistance against termal stress was measured at the end of 60 days by facing fishes into 5 centigrade warmer water so consentration of Cortisol and Glucose measured for this reason.The lowest cortisol amount was measured in E treatment with 188.74 ng/ml and the highest was found in control(P<0.05). There was a significant difference in blood glucose consentration of fishes in F treatment with (78.66 mg/dl) and control with 136 mg/dl as a highest one(P<0.05).