Description des monuments de Paris / Isaac de Bourges ; introduction et notes par l'abbé Valentin Dufour ; [avant-propos signé : P.-L. Jacob]

Collection : Collection des anciennes descriptions de Paris ; I

Cytokines in parasitic diseases: the example of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The essential role of cytokines in parasitic diseases has been emphasised since the in vivo description of the importance of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) CD4+ T cell responses in resistance and susceptibility to infection with L. major in mice. Th1 cells produced IL-2, IFN-gamma and Lymphotoxin T (LT) and Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. In this model of infection the correlation between on the one hand resistance to infection and the development of a Th1 response and on the other hand susceptibility and Th2 cell development allowed the identification of the mechanisms directing the differentiation of CD4+ T cell precursors towards either Th1 type or Th2 type responses. Cytokines are the crucial inducer of functional CD4+ T cell subset differentiation during infection with L. major. IL-12 and IFN-gamma direct the differentiation of Th1 response and IL-4 of a Th2 response. In susceptible mice, careful analysis of IL-4 production during the first days of infection has shown that the IL-4 produced as a result of a very early burst of IL-4 mRNA expression (16 hours) plays a essential role in the maturation of a Th2 CD4+ T cell response by rendering the CD4+ T cell precursors unresponsive to IL-12. Activation of a restricted population of CD4+ T cells expressing the V beta 4 V alpha 8 TCR heterodimer after recognition of a single antigen, the LACK (Leishmania Activated c Kinase) antigen, resulted in this rapid production of IL-4 required for the subsequent CD4+ T cell differentiation. Thus, tolerization of these cells might contribute a strategy for preventing infection with L. major.

Ambroise Autpert, sur l'Apocalypse. Latin 12288

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIIe s.: n°48; 1621: n°109 Ex-libris : f.1 : « liber sancti petri corbeie » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Allorestricted T lymphocytes with a high avidity T-cell receptor towards NY-ESO-1 have potent anti-tumor activity.

The cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 has been targeted as a tumor-associated antigen by immunotherapeutical strategies, such as cancer vaccines. The prerequisite for a T-cell-based therapy is the induction of T cells capable of recognizing the NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells. In this study, we generated human T lymphocytes directed against the immunodominant NY-ESO-1(157-165) epitope known to be naturally presented with HLA-A*0201. We succeeded to isolate autorestricted and allorestricted T lymphocytes with low, intermediate or high avidity TCRs against the NY-ESO-1 peptide. The avidity of the established CTL populations correlated with their capacity of lysing HLA-A2-positive, NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cell lines derived from different origins, e.g. melanoma and myeloma. The allorestricted NY-ESO-1-specific T lymphocytes displayed TCRs with the highest avidity and best anti-tumor recognition activity. TCRs derived from allorestricted, NY-ESO-1-specific T cells may be useful reagents for redirecting primary T cells by TCR gene transfer and, therefore, may facilitate the development of adoptive transfer regimens based on TCR-transduced T cells for the treatment of NY-ESO-1-expressing hematological malignancies and solid tumors.

Prevalence and predictors of suicide attempt in an incidence cohort of 661 young people with first-episode psychosis

OBJECTIVES: Studies investigating suicidal behaviour in psychosis rarely focus on incidence cohorts of first-episode patients. This is important, because patients who refuse study participation have higher rates of comorbid substance use disorders and longer duration of untreated psychosis as well as worse course illness, variables potentially linked to higher prevalence of suicidal behaviour. The aims of the present study were therefore to examine the prevalence and predictors of suicide and suicide attempt before and during the first 18-24 months of treatment. METHOD: A retrospective file audit of 661 patients was carried out. RESULTS: Six patients (0.9%) died by suicide, 93 (14.3%) attempted suicide prior to entry, and 57 (8.7%) did so during treatment. Predictors of suicide attempt were: previous attempt (odds ratio (OR)=45.54, 95% confidence interval (CI)=9.46-219.15), sexual abuse (OR=8.46, 95%CI=1.88-38.03), comorbid polysubstance (OR=13.63, 95%CI=2.58-71.99), greater insight (OR=0.17, 95%CI=0.06-0.49), lower baseline Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Scale of Occupational and Functional Assessment score (OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.62-0.91; OR=0.98, 95%CI=0.95-0.99), and longer time in treatment (OR=1.05, 95%CI=1.03-1.08). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of suicidal behaviour was high, indicating that suicidal behaviour in incidence populations is higher than in non-epidemiological cohorts of first-episode patients. The rate of repetition of suicide attempt among the sample, however, was lower than expected, suggesting that specialist services can play a role in reducing suicide risk.

Genetic variability of hull-less barley accessions based on molecular and quantitative data

The objective of this work was to characterize and quantify the genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability of hull-less barley genotypes, for the selection of parents and identification of genotypes adapted to the irrigated production system in the Brazilian Cerrado. Eighteen hull-less barley accessions were evaluated, and three covered barley accessions served as reference. The characterization was based on 157 RAPD molecular markers and ten agronomic traits. Genetic distance matrices were obtained based on molecular markers and quantitative traits. Graphic grouping and dispersion analyses were performed. Genetic, molecular, and agronomic variability was high among genotypes. Ethiopian accessions were genetically more similar, and the Brazilian ones were genetically more distant. For agronomic traits, two more consistent groupings were obtained, one with the most two-rowed materials, and the other with six-rowed materials. The more diverging materials were the two-rowed CI 13453, CN Cerrado 5, CN Cerrado 1, and CN Cerrado 2. The PI 356466, CN Cerrado 1, PI 370799, and CI 13453 genotypes show agronomic traits of interest and, as genetically different genotypes, they are indicated for crossing, in breeding programs.

Sähkömittareiden kaukoluennan kannattavuus ja käyttöönotto sähköverkkoyhtiössä

Sähkömittareiden kaukoluenta (AMR) on tällä hetkellä ajankohtainen aihe, koska useat verkkoyhtiöt ovat tehneet jo päätöksen mittaustoiminnan automatisoinnista ja monissa yhtiöissä ovat selvitykset parhaillaan menossa tai suunnitteilla. Erilaisten ennusteiden mukaan kaikki Suomen sähkömittarit tulevat ajan myötä kaukoluettaviksi, mutta aikataulun arviot vaihtelevat viidestä viiteentoista vuoteen. Diplomityössä on tutkittu Lahti Energia Oy:lle soveltuvaa sähkömittareiden kaukoluentajärjestelmää ja siihen investoimisen kannattavuutta. Tarkastelun kohteena on ollut yhtiölle kaukoluennasta kertyvät kustannukset ja sen avulla saavutettavat säästöt. Koska mittareiden kaukoluennasta on yhtiössä vain vähän kokemusta, lasketut säästöt perustuvat olettamukseen ja arvioituihin lukemiin. Lisäksi työssä on käsitelty yhtiön jakelualueen alueittaista jaottelua kaukoluennan kannattavuuden suhteen ja tutkittu kaukoluennan vaikutuksia yhtiön toimintoihin sekä sen tuomia mahdollisuuksia. Kaukoluennan myötä saadaan täsmällistä tietoa energiankulutuksesta ja asiakkaita voidaan laskuttaa todelliseen mittarinlukemaan perustuen. Sen avulla tulevat mahdollisiksi myös useat lisäpalvelut tai toiminnot, kuten tuntimittaus, sähkön laadun seuranta, sähkökatkojen rekisteröinti ja sähköjen etäkatkaisu. Kaikkia kyseisiä palveluita ei tarvitsevälttämättä hankkia kerralla vaan ne voidaan ottaa myös optiona.

Produtividade de milho na presença de doses de N e de inoculação de Herbaspirillum seropedicae

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de nitrogênio e da inoculação de Herbaspirillum seropedicae sobre a produtividade de milho (Zea mays) e os teores de nutrientes nos grãos. Os híbridos simples BRS 1030 e BRS 1060 receberam inoculação da estirpe BR 11417, na presença ou não de doses de adubação nitrogenada, em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, durante os períodos de entressafra (plantio em maio de 2012) e safra (plantio em outubro de 2012). Em cada época, os seguintes tratamentos foram avaliados: controle absoluto, sem adubação nitrogenada nem inoculação; controle com inoculação; doses de 50 e 100 kg ha-1 de N, sem inoculação; e dose de 50 kg ha-1 de N mais inoculação. BRS 1030 produziu 1.157 kg ha-1 a mais de grãos que BRS 1060, na análise conjunta dos dois cultivos. Para o primeiro genótipo, a dose de 50 kg ha-1 de N, com inoculação, incrementou em 2% a produtividade na entressafra e em 4,5% na safra. A inoculação de H. seropedicae, estirpe BR 11417, favorece o acúmulo de P nos grãos, mas tem efeito positivo sobre a produtividade somente em combinação com doses de N mineral, o que indica que seu efeito é mais destacado na promoção do crescimento do milho do que na fixação biológica de N.

Estimating the contribution of occupational solar ultraviolet exposure to skin cancer

BACKGROUND: Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) light is the main causative factor for skin cancer. Outdoor workers are at particular risk because they spend long working hours outside, may have little shade available and be bound to take their lunch at their workplace. Despite epidemiological evidence of a doubling in risk of squamous cell carcinoma in outdoor workers, the recognition of skin cancer as an occupational disease remains scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess occupational solar UV doses and its contribution to skin cancer risk. METHODS: A numerical model (SimUVEx) was used to assess occupational and lunch break exposures, characterize exposure patterns and anatomical distribution. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was estimated from an existing epidemiological model. RESULTS: Horizontal body locations received 2.0-2.5 times more UV than vertical locations. Dose associated to lunch outdoor every day was similar to outdoor work one day per week but only half of a seasonal worker. Outdoor workers are associated with an increased risk of SCC but also of frequent acute episodes. CONCLUSION: Occupational solar exposure contributes largely to the overall lifetime UV dose, resulting in an excess risk of SCC. The magnitude of the estimated excess in risk supports the recognition of SCC as an occupational disease.

CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE PEDÚNCULOS DE CAJUEIRO PARA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO IN NATURA

Com o objetivo de selecionar pedúnculos de cajueiro-anão precoce (Anacardium occidentale L. var. nanum) para comercialização in natura, foram avaliados 09 clones selecionados a partir de um experimento de competição sob irrigação, no município de Mossoró-RN. O clone CCP 76 foi utilizado como testemunha. Os cajus foram colhidos em agosto de 1997 e avaliados quanto às seguintes características: textura, tamanho (diâmetros apical e basal e comprimento), formato, coloração (carta de cores e pigmentos) e peso (total e pedúnculo). Dentre os materiais avaliados, apenas o CCP 09 apresentou cor inferior à testemunha, sendo que os clones CAP 6 (500), END 157, END 189 e END 329 destacaram-se com coloração mais intensa que a mesma. Além da testemunha, apenas os clones END 157, 183 e 189 apresentaram pedúnculos que podem ser classificados como tipo 4 (de maior valor comercial), enquanto, com relação à forma, apenas os clones CAP 6 (500), END 157 e END 183 apresentaram formato piriforme. O clone END 157 apresentou as melhores características para comercialização in natura, inclusive quando comparado à testemunha. Os clones END 183 e 189 apresentaram resultados semelhantes à testemunha, com exceção da cor para o 183 e do formato para o 189.