A Variational Calculation of TE and TM Cutoff Wavenumbers in Circular Eccentric Guides by Conformal Mapping

The cutoff wavenumbers of higher order modes in circular eccentric guides are computed with the variational analysis combined with a conformal mapping. A conformal mapping is applied to the variational formulation, and the variational equation is solved by the finite-element method. Numerical results for TE and TM cutoff wavenumbers are presented for different distances between the centers and ratio of the radii. Comparisons with numerical results found in the literature validate the presented method

Bankmarketing und Jugend - Marketingmaßnahmen von Banken mit der Zielgruppe Jugendliche bis 28 Jahre unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sparkassen von Oberfranken und Unterfranken

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Jugendmarketing im Bankbereich. Es werden die verschiedenen Probleme dieser heterogenen Klientel aufgezeigt und unterschiedliche Handhabungen von Banken zur Bewältigung dieses Problems vorgestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt bildet die Untersuchung zwischen Werbeaufwand und Werbeerfolg (gemessen durch den Deckungsbeitrag) der Jugendlichen vom 1. bis 28. Lebensjahr unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sparkassen von Ober- und Unterfranken sowie ein Vergleich der beiden Regionen mit entsprechenden Institutsempfehlungen zur Steigerung ihres Deckungsbeitrages. Eine weitere empirische Untersuchung des Verhaltens von Jugendlichen und ihre Einstellung zur Kreditinstituten wurde mit Hilfe von Schüler- und Bankbefragungen vorgenommen.

Digital image analysis as a tool to estimate legume contributions in legume-grass swards

Summary: Productivity and forage quality of legume-grass swards are important factors for successful arable farming in both organic and conventional farming systems. For these objectives the botanical composition of the swards is of particular importance, especially, the content of legumes due to their ability to fix airborne nitrogen. As it can vary considerably within a field, a non-destructive detection method while doing other tasks would facilitate a more targeted sward management and could predict the nitrogen supply of the soil for the subsequent crop. This study was undertaken to explore the potential of digital image analysis (DIA) for a non destructive prediction of legume dry matter (DM) contribution of legume-grass mixtures. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, comprising a sample size of 64 experimental swards such as pure swards of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) as well as binary mixtures of each legume with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Growth stages ranged from tillering to heading and the proportion of legumes from 0 to 80 %. Based on digital sward images three steps were considered in order to estimate the legume contribution (% of DM): i) The development of a digital image analysis (DIA) procedure in order to estimate legume coverage (% of area). ii) The description of the relationship between legume coverage (% area) and legume contribution (% of DM) derived from digital analysis of legume coverage related to the green area in a digital image. iii) The estimation of the legume DM contribution with the findings of i) and ii). i) In order to evaluate the most suitable approach for the estimation of legume coverage by means of DIA different tools were tested. Morphological operators such as erode and dilate support the differentiation of objects of different shape by shrinking and dilating objects (Soille, 1999). When applied to digital images of legume-grass mixtures thin grass leaves were removed whereas rounder clover leaves were left. After this process legume leaves were identified by threshold segmentation. The segmentation of greyscale images turned out to be not applicable since the segmentation between legumes and bare soil failed. The advanced procedure comprising morphological operators and HSL colour information could determine bare soil areas in young and open swards very accurately. Also legume specific HSL thresholds allowed for precise estimations of legume coverage across a wide range from 11.8 - 72.4 %. Based on this legume specific DIA procedure estimated legume coverage showed good correlations with the measured values across the whole range of sward ages (R2 0.96, SE 4.7 %). A wide range of form parameters (i.e. size, breadth, rectangularity, and circularity of areas) was tested across all sward types, but none did improve prediction accuracy of legume coverage significantly. ii) Using measured reference data of legume coverage and contribution, in a first approach a common relationship based on all three legumes and sward ages of 35, 49 and 63 days was found with R2 0.90. This relationship was improved by a legume-specific approach of only 49- and 63-d old swards (R2 0.94, 0.96 and 0.97 for red clover, white clover, and lucerne, respectively) since differing structural attributes of the legume species influence the relationship between these two parameters. In a second approach biomass was included in the model in order to allow for different structures of swards of different ages. Hence, a model was developed, providing a close look on the relationship between legume coverage in binary legume-ryegrass communities and the legume contribution: At the same level of legume coverage, legume contribution decreased with increased total biomass. This phenomenon may be caused by more non-leguminous biomass covered by legume leaves at high levels of total biomass. Additionally, values of legume contribution and coverage were transformed to the logit-scale in order to avoid problems with heteroscedasticity and negative predictions. The resulting relationships between the measured legume contribution and the calculated legume contribution indicated a high model accuracy for all legume species (R2 0.93, 0.97, 0.98 with SE 4.81, 3.22, 3.07 % of DM for red clover, white clover, and lucerne swards, respectively). The validation of the model by using digital images collected over field grown swards with biomass ranges considering the scope of the model shows, that the model is able to predict legume contribution for most common legume-grass swards (Frame, 1992; Ledgard and Steele, 1992; Loges, 1998). iii) An advanced procedure for the determination of legume DM contribution by DIA is suggested, which comprises the inclusion of morphological operators and HSL colour information in the analysis of images and which applies an advanced function to predict legume DM contribution from legume coverage by considering total sward biomass. Low residuals between measured and calculated values of legume dry matter contribution were found for the separate legume species (R2 0.90, 0.94, 0.93 with SE 5.89, 4.31, 5.52 % of DM for red clover, white clover, and lucerne swards, respectively). The introduced DIA procedure provides a rapid and precise estimation of legume DM contribution for different legume species across a wide range of sward ages. Further research is needed in order to adapt the procedure to field scale, dealing with differing light effects and potentially higher swards. The integration of total biomass into the model for determining legume contribution does not necessarily reduce its applicability in practice as a combined estimation of total biomass and legume coverage by field spectroscopy (Biewer et al. 2009) and DIA, respectively, may allow for an accurate prediction of the legume contribution in legume-grass mixtures.

I Jornadas sobre Absentismo Escolar : La Manga del Mar Menor, del 28 al 29 de octubre de 1999

Las actas recogen lasponencias y comunicaciones as?? como las conclusiones de los grupos de trabajo

Congreso agua y educaci??n ambiental : nuevas propuestas para la acci??n : Alicante 26,27,28 y 29 de noviembre de 2003

Primer Congresos sobre agua y educaci??n ambiental cuyo objetivo es servir de foro de encuentro e intercambio de experiencias entre profesionales de la educaci??n ambiental y otros agentes institucionales, sociales y empresarios implicados en la gesti??n y el tratamiento del recurso del agua. Los temas abordados fueron: el agua en la escuela (acciones y recursos educativos) educaci??n ambiental para el agua (convenios, directivas y estrategias de desarrollo sostenible) el papel de la administraci??n, la participaci??n ciudadana, la integraci??n de los agentes sociales en la educaci??n ambiental, el papel de la empresa y de los medios de comunicaci??n.

La formación médica pregraduada, problemas y soluciones : discurso doctrinal, Exmo. Sr. D. Ciril Rozmán, Murcia, 28 de febrero de 2008.

Precede al título: Sesión extraordinaria y solemne de recepción de Académico de Honor.

Genocidio y responsabilidad penal militar : precisiones en torno al artículo 28 del Estatuto de Roma

El estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional es parte del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano desde el 1 de noviembre de 2002 y desde esta fecha los pronunciamientos en torno al contenido de este no se han hecho esperar. Entre estas intervenciones, la Corte Constitucional colombiana ha afirmado que el artículo 28 del Estatuto contempla una situación en virtud de la cual se estaría frente a un genocidio culposo. ¿Plantea el Estatuto de Roma el genocidio culposo para los jefes militares? ¿Es posible la comisión u omisión culposa del genocidio? ¿La tendencia internacional se dirige hacia una nueva tipificación y modalidad de comisión y omisión del genocidio? Este libro guía al estudioso de derecho penal e internacional, de las cortes internacionales y, en general, a quien presenta interés en la teoría de la responsabilidad del jefe militar, el genocidio, las disposiciones del Estatuto de Roma y los futuros pronunciamientos de la Corte Penal Internacional, a través de un análisis de la situación esbozada por la Corte Constitucional y la respuesta a los interrogantes planteados a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico interno, del derecho comparado y de los estatutos penales internacionales.

Nova et Vetera : edición 08, Mayo 14 - 28 de 2007

Nova et Vetera, ISSN 1692-5866, Año 8, No. 08 (Mayo 14 - Mayo 28 de 2007)

Nova et Vetera : edición 09, Mayo 28 de 2007

Nova et Vetera, ISSN 1692-5866, Año 8, No. 09 (Mayo 28 de 2007)

Nova et Vetera : edición 10, Julio 28 - Agosto 9 de 2009

Nova et Vetera, ISSN 1692-5866, Año 4, No. 10 (Julio 28 - Agosto 9 de 2009)

Nova et Vetera : edición 02, Febrero 15 - 28 de 2010

Nova et Vetera, ISSN 1692-5866, Año 5, No. 02 (Febrero 15 - 28 de 2010)

Nova et Vetera : edición 03, Febrero 28 de 2011

Periódico de la Universidad del Rosario

Nova et Vetera : edición 06, Marzo 28 de 2011

Nova et Vetera, ISSN 1692-5866, Año 6, No. 06 (Marzo 28 de 2011)