996 resultados para ácido aminometilfosfônico


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A cultura da maçã (Malus domestica Borkh.) obteve êxito no Brasil. Os estados do Sul destacam-se em sua produção, onde na safra de 2016 produziram 1.032.079 toneladas (IBGE, 2016). As cultivares Gala e Fuji são responsáveis por 90% da produção de maçãs no Sul do Brasil (SILVEIRA et al., 2013). Entretanto, outras cultivares podem ser utilizadas para diversificar o mercado de maçãs, como os frutos da cultivar Pink Lady® , que são muito atrativos e de coloração rosa-avermelhada, uniformes e sobre fundo verde-amarelado (FIORAVANÇO et al., 2011). A coloração da epiderme dos frutos é um atributo bastante valorizado pelos consumidores no momento da compra de maçãs. Alguns produtos podem ser utilizados em pré-colheita para melhorar esse atributo. Entre eles, o ácido bórico. Resultados de pesquisa constataram que as aplicações foliares de boro podem afetar tanto a qualidade quanto a capacidade de conservação dos frutos (NACHTIGALL; CZERMAINSKI, 2014). Por isso, é importante verificar a utilização de ácido bórico em pré-colheita e seus efeitos na qualidade pós-colheita de maçãs. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido bórico em aplicações pré-colheita em maçãs ?Pink Lady® ? e verificar suas implicações nos atributos pós-colheita dos frutos na região de Vacaria/RS, no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

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A cultura da macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) encontra-se consolidada no Brasil, tendo como base o cultivo das cultivares Gala e Fuji. Contudo, novas cultivares tem sido introduzidas e cultivadas, podendo ser destacadas a Pink Lady®. A cultivar Cripps Pink (Pink Lady®) apresenta maturação tardia, com frutos de polpa branca, firme, suculenta e moderadamente ácida, de tamanho médio a grande, com coloração da epiderme rosa intenso (BRACKMANN et al., 2005). Dentre os aspectos observados pelos consumidores no momento da compra de maçãs, o principal diz respeito a coloração de recobrimento da epiderme dos frutos. A utilização de boro foliar aplicado algumas semanas antes das colheita dos frutos aumenta a intensidade da cor 15 vermelha da epiderme e antecipa a maturação dos frutos (ERNANI et al., 2010). Entretanto, os resultados de pesquisa são controversos em relação as aplicações foliares de boro, alguns trabalhos evidenciam efeitos negativos enquanto outros mostram efeito positivo na qualidade dos frutos com a aplicação de boro (NACHTIGALL; CZERMAINSKI, 2014). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de ácido bórico para o aumento da coloração da epiderme de frutos de maçãs ?Pink Lady? na região de Vacaria/RS, no ciclo produtivo de 2015/2016.

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O Brasil figura entre os dez principais países produtores de maçã mundial, produzindo em torno de 1.378.617 milhões de toneladas de maçã (55% da variedade Gala, 40% de Fuji e 5% de outras) na safra 2014/2015 (IBGE, 2016). As cultivares que representa a maior parte da produção brasileira, pertencem basicamente ao grupo ?Gala? e ?Fuji? - que possuem alto requerimento em frio. Porém, suas exigências climáticas não são plenamente atendidas, fazendo com que muitas gemas vegetativas e floríferas permanecem dormentes, mesmo em condições ambientais favoráveis ao crescimento. A falta de brotação nas gemas terminais e laterais tem efeito acumulativo com o passar dos anos, o que pode desencadear uma queda nas produções futuras. Com isso, é necessário o uso de práticas culturais que possam reverter esse quadro e promover a uniformidade de brotação dessas fruteiras. Dentre as práticas mais utilizadas está o uso de produtos químicos. A cianamida hidrogenada é hoje a principal substância utilizada na cadeia produtiva de maçã para induzir a brotação de gemas após o período hibernal. Contudo, a busca de novas alternativas para indução da brotação de gemas faz-se necessária para dispor ao setor produtivo indutores de 23 brotação que agreguem elevada eficiência de brotação de gemas, menor custo de utilização e menor toxidade ao homem e impacto ambiental. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a utilização de diferentes combinações de ácido glutâmico (Sycron® 26 ) para indução de brotação de macieiras 'Fuji Kiku' na região de Vacaria, RS

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Existem diferentes formas de se produzir uma muda de café, desde a mais simples, onde se fazem mudas em viveiros comercias, podendo ser permanentes ou temporários, e ainda em ambientes controlados ou não, sendo nestes casos sempre por meio de sementes. Outra possibilidade é o emprego de técnicas mais complexas, como cultura de tecidos, enxertia, estaquia, técnicas essas tidas como clonagem, uma vez que se consegue obter o mesmo material genético da planta a ser trabalhada.

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A doença cardiovascular (DCV), incluindo a doença coronariana e cerebrovascular são importantes causas de morte no Brasil e no mundo e na população idosa. O ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) em baixas doses tem sido cada vez mais usado como antiagregante plaquetário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o uso do AAS para prevenção primária de doenças cardiovasculares em idosos e sua correlação com anemia ferropriva. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed, Medline e Google scholar, considerando o período de 1998 a 2011. O AAS tem sido indicado em homens de 45 a 79 anos quando o risco de infarto agudo do miocárdio supera o risco de hemorragia gastrintestinal. Também reduz o risco de acidente vascular cerebral em mulheres de 55 a 79 anos e em idosos com fibrilação atrial crônica com contra-indicação para uso de anticoagulante oral. A indicação do uso do AAS deve ser baseada em avaliação individual, pesando benefícios e riscos de reações adversas. Outro fator importante é que o uso de AAS em baixas doses para prevenção de DCV aumenta o risco de úlcera péptica e sangramento gastrintestinal, sendo maior em idosos. Ainda não está claro se o uso deste medicamento para prevenção de DCV, sem hemorragia manifesta, causa anemia em idosos, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre este tema.

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Brain death results in the breakdown of effective central regulatory mechanisms of cardiocirculatory stability, even in patients with artificial mechanical ventilation, correction of electrolytic and acid-basic disorders and maximal conventional pharmacological support of the circulation. Recent evidences have shown that the fall of vasopressin levels in the blood circulation significantly influences the cardiocirculatory stability of patients with brain death, and its exogenous administration is defended by many authors for the management of multiorgan donor patients. In this brief review we analyse and discuss some experimental and clinical relevant studies about the role of vasopressin in the control of cardiocirculatory stability in brain death, and its potential usefulness in the management of multiorgan donor. We conclude that the role of vasopressin in the pathophysiology of brain death and its usefulness as a pharmacological agent in the management of multiorgan donor are not well elucidated, deserving further investigations.

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Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2). Tests carried out under laboratory conditions showed that padded surfaces reduced up to 31% impact damage. Incidence of severe internal physical damage was evaluated by a subjective scale and increased by 79% on hard surfaces for the highest fall drop. On the other hand, it was observed an effective reduction in physical damage on fruits when padded surfaces were used. When a 10-cm drop was performed, the maximum reduction measured was 10% for hard surfaces and 5% for previously padded surfaces. For quality parameters, it was observed for high drops on hard surfaces, highest values for weight loss, total acidity, lower values for vitamin C and Soluble Solids.

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Cecropia glaziovii is a tree with used in Brazilian popular medicine. Methods allowing the clonal propagation of this species are of great interest for superior genotype multiplication and perpetuation. For this reason, we examined the effect of different culture media and different types of explants on adventitious shoot regeneration from callus and buds of C. glaziovii. Leaves, petioles and stipules obtained from aseptically grown seedlings or from pre-sterilized plants were used to initiate cultures. Adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved when apical and axillary buds were inoculated on gelled Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine alone (BAP) (1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mg L-1) or combined with -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0 or 2.0 mg L-1), after 40 days of culture. Best callus production was obtained after 30 days of petioles' culture on gelled MS medium with 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5.0 mg L-1) combined with BAP (1.0 mg L-1). Successful shoot regeneration from callus was achieved when MS medium supplemented with zeatin (ZEA) (0.1 mg L-1) alone or combined with 2,4-D (1.0 or 5.0 mg L-1) was inoculated with friable callus obtained from petioles. All shoots were rooted by inoculation on MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1.0 mg L-1). Rooted plants transferred to potting soil were successfully established. All in vitro regenerated plantlets showed to be normal, without morphological variations, being also identical to the source plant. Our study has shown that C. glaziovii can be propagated by tissue culture methods, allowing large scale multiplication of superior plants for pharmacological purposes.

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Twenty-two Triceps brachii muscle obtained from 11 cows aged 3 and 4 years , killed in an experimental slaughter plant, were submitted to mechanical tenderization, injection with acetic acid 0,1M and lactic acid 0,2M, ageing for 9 and 14 days and electrical stimulation (250v - 60Hz - 90s), some of them were reserved as a control group, without treatment. The 14 days ageing time presented 21% of increase in subjective tenderness and 12% of reduction in shear force, these values were similar to the electrical stimulated meat. However the injection with acids and the ageing time 9 days did not present significant effect in the texture. Although the shear force values of mechanical tenderized meat was the shortest among all treatments, suspect of superestimation because of the fractures plan created by this process. Another analyses were carried out: pH reduction curve, R value; colour analysis; weight losses by cooking and by treatment; and microbiological analysis.

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A wild strain of Streptococcus thermophilus isolated from pasteurized milk was evaluated using an experimental model with respect to its adhesion onto stainless steel surfaces and its behaviour when submitted to cleansing and sanification. In milk, the adhesion of the microorganism on to stainless steel surfaces was studied after 6 hours of contact at 45°C with agitation, and after a cleansing process involving cleaning stages with alkaline and acid detergents followed by sanification, in order to evaluate the resistance of the adhered cells. The microorganism adhered to stainless steel surfaces producing a cell load of 10(4) CFU/cm². After alkaline cleansing, no adhered cells were detected but 6 CFU/cm² were still detected on the surfaces after acid cleansing. Cleansing, followed by sanification with sodium hypochlorite, was sufficient to reduce the load of wild S. thermophilus on the stainless steel surfaces to non-detectable levels. The experimental model proved adequate for the study indicating that the wild microorganism S. thermophilus produces biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. Alkaline cleansing remove more that 99.9% of the adhered cells. The few cells adhered on the surface are removed by acid cleansing demonstrating the need to use different steps and types of detergent for efficient cleansing. The best results for the removal of these biofilms are obtained by using alkaline cleansing followed by acid cleaning, this procedure being more efficient when complemented by sanification with sodium hypochlorite.

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The aim of this research was to optimize osmotic dehydration of pineapple, according to two criteria: maximize water loss and minimize solid gain. The process was made as an application to Combined Methods Technology, in which three preservation factors were combined: water activity, pH and chemical preservatives, all being applied at low levels, in order to get a product resembling non-processed fruit. The experiment was divided into three treatments, being: non-coated pineapple pieces (A), pieces coated with alginate (B) and coated with low-methoxyl pectin (C). Process involved the following main steps: enzymatic inactivation of fruit pieces; in treatments B and C, incorporation of their respective coatings; and osmotic dehydration, in sucrose syrup containing potassium sorbate and citric acid. Optimum conditions, determined from Response Surface Methodology, were the following: dehydration of fruit pieces coated by alginate, at 42-47° C, in sucrose syrup at 66-69° Brix, for 220 to 270 minutes. Results indicated that both coatings significantly affected the mass transfers of the process, reducing solid incorporation and increasing water loss; therefore, increasing weight loss and performance ratio (water loss: solid incorporation) took place. Water activity was not significantly affected by the coatings. The product obtained under optimum conditions was submitted to sensorial evaluation, and presented a good general acceptance. Moulds and yeasts countings indicated good microbiological stability of the product for at least 60 days at 30ºC.

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The authors analysed 34 cases of resistant epilepsy (20 males and 14 females, mean age 23 years), treated clinically between February/1984 and May/1986. The patients underwent neurological, neuropsychological, psychological, psychiatric, cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalographic, tomographic and/or angiographic examination. Most of the patients had complex partial seizures. The etiology was unknown in 19 patients (55.8%), probable neurocysticercosis in 6, perinatal hypoxia in 5, delivery trauma in 3 and probable sequelae of encephalitis in 2 patients. There was a clear past history of infantile febrile convulsion in 2 patients. Most patients received carbamazepine (mean dose 24.5 mg/kg/day), phenytoin (5 mg/kg and valproic acid (28 mg/kg) as monotherapy or in association. Twenty-two patients (64.7%) had more than 80% decrease of the seizure frequency. Nine resistant epilepsy-cases (24.5%) were evaluated as candidates for surgical therapy. The authors concluded that the resistant epilepsy is best managed by a specialised, multidisciplinary team, and pointed out the need of a correct diagnosis of the seizure type, an adequate drug therapy and a good engagement of the patient and his family in the treatment.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física