Genomic analysis for managing small and endangered populations: a case study in Tyrol Grey cattle

Analysis of genomic data is increasingly becoming part of the livestock industry. Therefore, the routine collection of genomic information would be an invaluable resource for effective management of breeding programs in small, endangered populations. The objective of the paper was to demonstrate how genomic data could be used to analyse (1) linkage disequlibrium (LD), LD decay and the effective population size (NeLD); (2) Inbreeding level and effective population size (NeROH) based on runs of homozygosity (ROH); (3) Prediction of genomic breeding values (GEBV) using small within-breed and genomic information from other breeds. The Tyrol Grey population was used as an example, with the goal to highlight the potential of genomic analyses for small breeds. In addition to our own results we discuss additional use of genomics to assess relatedness, admixture proportions, and inheritance of harmful variants. The example data set consisted of 218 Tyrol Grey bull genotypes, which were all available AI bulls in the population. After standard quality control restrictions 34,581 SNPs remained for the analysis. A separate quality control was applied to determine ROH levels based on Illumina GenCall and Illumina GenTrain scores, resulting into 211 bulls and 33,604 SNPs. LD was computed as the squared correlation coefficient between SNPs within a 10 mega base pair (Mb) region. ROHs were derived based on regions covering at least 4, 8, and 16 Mb, suggesting that animals had common ancestors approximately 12, 6, and 3 generations ago, respectively. The corresponding mean inbreeding coefficients (F ROH) were 4.0% for 4 Mb, 2.9% for 8 Mb and 1.6% for 16 Mb runs. With an average generation interval of 5.66 years, estimated NeROH was 125 (NeROH>16 Mb), 186 (NeROH>8 Mb) and 370 (NeROH>4 Mb) indicating strict avoidance of close inbreeding in the population. The LD was used as an alternative method to infer the population history and the Ne. The results show a continuous decrease in NeLD, to 780, 120, and 80 for 100, 10, and 5 generations ago, respectively. Genomic selection was developed for and is working well in large breeds. The same methodology was applied in Tyrol Grey cattle, using different reference populations. Contrary to the expectations, the accuracy of GEBVs with very small within breed reference populations were very high, between 0.13-0.91 and 0.12-0.63, when estimated breeding values and deregressed breeding values were used as pseudo-phenotypes, respectively. Subsequent analyses confirmed the high accuracies being a consequence of low reliabilities of pseudo-phenotypes in the validation set, thus being heavily influenced by parent averages. Multi-breed and across breed reference sets gave inconsistent and lower accuracies. Genomic information may have a crucial role in management of small breeds, even if its primary usage differs from that of large breeds. It allows to assess relatedness between individuals, trends in inbreeding and to take decisions accordingly. These decisions would be based on the real genome architecture, rather than conventional pedigree information, which can be missing or incomplete. We strongly suggest the routine genotyping of all individuals that belong to a small breed in order to facilitate the effective management of endangered livestock populations.

Proposição de modelo de logística reversa de resíduos sólidos domésticos recicláveis para o municípios de Rio Claro - SP

The approval of the Solid Waste National Policy on August 2, 2010, brought important advances on the issue of solid waste nationwide. Several requirements were imposed causing public and private sectors to direct the problem more diligently. At the same time, the growth of human consumption and the negative impacts of related activities are increasing pressure for new ways to manage wastes. This study was carried out in order to bring proposals for a new model of solid waste management in the city of Rio Claro. To do so, it was used methodologies which stick to collaborative approaches in order to co-create a new vision considering different points of view . This new proposal includes four main initiatives: the integration of a reverse logistics system and collection of recycling materials in all kinds of educational institutions; the use of a routing platform for collection of solid wastes and recycling materials; the application of a garbage fee to residents who use the collection of solid waste system; and a bonus system developed by the private sector as a marketing strategy, encouraged by the public sector, enabling residents to separate their wastes correctly and leave them in one of the educational institutions to exchange points for discounts at local markets

Efeitos da associação dos tratamentos de crioterapia e ultrassom terapêutico na reparação da lesão muscular de ratos wistar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Covenanters of South Carolina Collection - Accession 208 - M92 (118)

The Covenanters of South Carolina Collections consists of a "Sketch of the Covenanters of Rocky Creek, South carolina About 1750 to 1840" by Miss Mary Elder, 1886 as dictated to her by her father Mr. Matthew Elder, Yorkville, SC. Also included is an undated genealogical sketch of William Stinson (Stevenson) (1752-1809) who was a covenanter from Rocky Creek, SC and a "History of Fishing Creek Presbyterian Church by Mrs. Frank Hicklin" that was written ca. 1958. The Fishing Creek Presbyterian Church was organized ca. 1752.

Robert M. Ward Photograph Collection - Accession 502

The Robert M. Ward Photograph Collection consists of approximately 400 prints and 900 negatives from the photographs that he took in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. Most of the events and individuals pictured are from the York County, SC area and include the Latta House in York, South Carolina, downtown Rock Hill, parades, baseball, military, aviation, sports, and other York County buildings and scenes. Also included are photographs of Landsford Canal State Park, York Technical College, Winthrop University, Catawba Indian chieftain King Haigler’s memorial, Andrew Jackson State Park, Kings Mountain State Park, Hall of Fame Golfer Sam Sneed's visit to Rock Hill, SC, and Charleston, South Carolina. The collection also contains newspaper articles from the York Observer, dated from 1988 to 1992, which helped to identify some of the people and events in the pictures.

Jean Faut Collection - Accession 1369

The Jean Faut Papers consist primarily of memorabilia, photographs and images, scrapbooks, contracts, trophies, and correspondence related to Jean Faut's career in the All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) and reunions. Many of the images are digital-only copies of photographs, programs, scorecards, etc. from her scrapbooks and photographs produced during and after her playing career.

Joe Azer Photograph Collection - Accession 792

The Joe Azer Photograph Collection consists of more than 6500 photographs taken by Joe Azer, Rock Hill, South Carolina photographer. Included are photographs of beauty pageants, parades, women, families, fashion, local history, Winthrop students and events such as May Day, public school events, plays, sports, weddings, and Azer’s family. These photographs were taken in York, Chester, Lancaster, Cherokee, Kershaw, Chesterfield, Horry and other South Carolina counties. Also included are negatives, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photograph albums, and photographic equipment, and photographs arranged by subject.

White Family Photograph Album Collection - Accession 717

The White Family Photograph Album Collection consists of 4 volumes of photographs taken by J. S. White of Rock Hill, SC of family members, friends, vacations, Rock Hill, SC, and of Winthrop from 1891-1897. One of the albums includes pictures from J.S. White’s tour of duty in the South Carolina Infantry during the Spanish American War.

Thomas Belue Collection - Accession 35 - M11 (21)

The Thomas Belue Collection consists of the diary of Thomas Belue of Union County, South Carolina. He enrolled as a private in the Confederate Army in Co. F, Captain C.W. Boyd’s , 15th SCV. The diary covers August, 1861 to September, 1863, and May 1864. Belue describes battles fought in South Carolina, Georgia,Tennessee, and Virginia, mileage covered, camp life and events that occurred during his time in the army. The collection also includes biographical information, genealogical information, a partial transcript of the diary, and copies of Belue’s military records. In addition there is a tintype in a case of Belue in his uniform, two copies of the tintype, and photographs of his gravestone at Gilead Baptist Church Cemetery in Union County, South Carolina.

Walter B. Roberts Collection - Accession 485

This collection consists of black and white photographs autographed by the entertainers who performed at Winthrop College as part of the institution’s Artist Series program, a photograph of the Winthrop College Poetry Society including Dr. David B. Johnson, founder and first president of Winthrop, and photographs of Walter B. Roberts and other Winthrop College Professors as well as visiting instructors from Julliard School of Music. Artists include Jasha Heifetz, Jan Peerce, Will Rogers, Arthur Rubenstein, Risë Stevens, Vienna Choir Boys and many others.

Dixie Music Score Collection - Accession 268 - M114 (146)

The “Dixie” Music Score Collection consists of two photographs of one of the four original autographed copies of the musical score Dixie which was presented to Winthrop College in 1923 by Professor Herman F. Arnold and a photograph of Professor Herman F. Arnold. The Dixie Score is inscribed "At the request of Miss Minnie Barker the copy of Dixie is presented to Winthrop College by Prof. Herman F. Arnold who wrote Dixie and was made the war tune of the south at the inauguration of Jefferson Davis Feb 18th 1861 at Montgomery, Ala." Minnie Barker was curator of the Winthrop museum and the music score was displayed there until Tillman Science Building was razed in 1962 which housed the museum. The collection also contains newspaper clippings and correspondence relating to the controversy surrounding Dixie and whether it is racially insensitive.

Thomas Jefferson Johnston Collection - Accession 1217, M582 (635)

The Thomas Jefferson Johnston Papers consists of the Civil War diary of Thomas Jefferson Johnston (1837-1894) from 1861 to August 7, 1864. Also included is a transcription of the journal as well as contextual notes of what was occurring during the war at large by Robert James Johnston (1945-) (great grandson of Thomas Jefferson Johnston) in 1992.

Parasitological Data as Monitors of Environmental Health

When an appropriate fish host is selected, analysis of its parasites offers a useful, reliable, economical, telescoped indication or monitor of environmental health. The value of that information increases when corroborated by another non-parasitological technique. The analysis of parasites is not necessarily simple because not all hosts serve as good models and because the number of species, presence of specific species, intensity of infections, life histories of species, location of species in hosts, and host response for each parasitic species have to be addressed individually to assure usefulness of the tool. Also, different anthropogenic contaminants act in a distinct manner relative to hosts, parasites, and each other as well as being influenced by natural environmental conditions. Total values for all parasitic species infecting a sample cannot necessarily be grouped together. For example, an abundance of numbers of either species or individuals can indicate either a healthy or an unhealthy environment, depending on the species of parasite. Moreover, depending on the parasitic species, its infection, and the time chosen for collection/examination, the assessment may indicate a chronic or acute state of the environmental health. For most types of analyses, the host should be one that has a restricted home range, can be infected by numerous species of parasites, many of which have a variety of additional hosts in their life cycles, and can be readily sampled. Data on parasitic infections in the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), a fish that meets the criteria in two separate studies, illustrate the usefulness of that host as a model to indicate both healthy and detrimentally influenced environments. In those studies, species richness, intensity of select species, host resistance, other hosts involved in life cycles, and other factors all relate to site and contaminating discharge.

An annotated list of the centipedes (Chilopoda) in the National Collection of Arachnids, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

The National Collection of Arachnids, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México City) houses 476 chilopod samples, of which 197 are determined to genus and/or species. These are documented here and represent several new state records. Topotypes of eight species of centipedes described by R. V. Chamberlin also documented. Resumen. La Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Ciudad de México), resguarda 476 muestras de quilópodos, de los que 197 están determinadas a nivel de género y/o especie. Algunas de estas muestras corresponden a nuevos registros estatales. Se documentan los topotipos de ocho especies de ciempiés descritos por R. V. Chamberlin.