Multiplexed classical and quantum transmission for high bitrate quantum key distribution systems

We report the operation of a gigahertz clocked quantum key distribution system, with two classical data communication channels using coarse wavelength division multiplexing over a record fibre distance of 80km. © OSA 2012.

Quantum key distribution for 10 Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexing networks

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with bidirectional 10 Gb/s classical data channels in a single fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Record secure key rates of 2.38 Mbps and fiber distances up to 70km are achieved. Data channels are simultaneously monitored for error-free operation. The robustness of QKD is further demonstrated with a secure key rate of 445 kbps over 25km, obtained in the presence of data lasers launching conventional 0 dBm power. We discuss the fundamental limit for the QKD performance in the multiplexing environment. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

Fast, sensitive and low-noise nanowire and graphene field effect transistors for room-temperature detection of Terahertz quantum cascade laser emission

Antenna-coupled field effect transistors have been developed as plasma-wave THz detectors in both InAs nanowire and graphene channel materials. Room temperature operation has been achieved up to 3 THz, with noise equivalent power levels < 10-10 W/Hz1/2, and high-speed response already suitable for large area THz imaging applications. © 2013 IEEE.

Light-directed writing of chemically tunable narrow-band holographic sensors

This tunable holographic sensor offers interrogation and a reporting transducer as well as an analyte-responsive hydrogel, rendering it label-free and reusable. A single 6 ns laser pulse is used to fabricate holographic sensors consisting of silver nanoparticles arranged periodically within a polymer film. The tunability of the sensor is demonstrated through pH sensing of artificial urine and validated through computational modeling. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Computational modelling and characterisation of nanoparticle-based tuneable photonic crystal sensors

Photonic crystals are materials that are used to control or manipulate the propagation of light through a medium for a desired application. Common fabrication methods to prepare photonic crystals are both costly and intricate. However, through a cost-effective laser-induced photochemical patterning, one-dimensional responsive and tuneable photonic crystals can easily be fabricated. These structures act as optical transducers and respond to external stimuli. These photonic crystals are generally made of a responsive hydrogel that can host metallic nanoparticles in the form of arrays. The hydrogel-based photonic crystal has the capability to alter its periodicity in situ but also recover its initial geometrical dimensions, thereby rendering it fully reversible and reusable. Such responsive photonic crystals have applications in various responsive and tuneable optical devices. In this study, we fabricated a pH-sensitive photonic crystal sensor through photochemical patterning and demonstrated computational simulations of the sensor through a finite element modelling technique in order to analyse its optical properties on varying the pattern and characteristics of the nanoparticle arrays within the responsive hydrogel matrix. Both simulations and experimental results show the wavelength tuneability of the sensor with good agreement. Various factors, including nanoparticle size and distribution within the hydrogel-based responsive matrices that directly affect the performance of the sensors, are also studied computationally. © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Picosecond pulse generation in narrow stripe mode-locked quantum dot master oscillator power amplifier

This paper reports a monolithically integrated mode-locked narrow stripe QD MOPA operating at 1300nm generating a stable 20GHz pulse train with an average power of 46.4mW and a pulse duration of 8.3ps. © Optical Society of America.

Superradiant emission from a tapered quantum-dot semiconductor diode emitter

Superradiant emission pulses from a quantum-dot tapered device are generated on demand at repetition rates of up to 5 MHz. The pulses have durations as short as 320 fs at a wavelength of 1270 nm. © 2010 Optical Society of America.

Sub-kHz RF electrical linewidth from a 10GHz passively mode-locked quantum-dot laser diode

A packaged 10GHz monolithic two-section quantum-dot mode-locked laser is presented, with record narrow 500Hz RF electrical linewidth for passive mode-locking. Single sideband noise spectra show 147fs integrated timing jitter over the 4MHz-80MHz frequency range. © 2009 Optical Society of America.

Superradiance: exploiting quantum phase transition in the real world

Superradiance (SR), or cooperative spontaneous emission, has been predicted by R. Dicke before the invention of the laser. During the last few years one can see a renaissance of both experimental and theoretical studies of the superradiant phase transition in a variety of media, ranging from quantum dots and Bose condensates through to black holes. Until recently, despite of many years of research, SR has been considered as a phenomenon of pure scientific interest without obvious potential applications. However, recent investigations of the femtosecond SR emission generation from semiconductors have opened up some practical opportunities for the exploitation of this quantum optics phenomenon. Here we present a brief review of some features, advantages and potential applications of the SR generation from semiconductor laser structures

270GHz, 580fs Optical Pulse Generation from a single-section quantum-dash fabry-pérot laser using frequency multiplication

Pulse generation from a mode-locked single-section 1.55μm quantum-dash FP laser is demonstrated under continuous-wave operation. A 270GHz, 580fs pulse train is achieved by applying frequency multiplication using fiber dispersion. ©2009 Optical Society of America.

Dynamic simulation of mode-locked quantum-dot lasers

A dynamic model of passive mode-locking in quantum-dot laser diodes is presented. It is found that in contrast with quantum-well lasers, rapid gain recovery is key for mode-locking of quantum-dot lasers. © 2008 Optical Society of America.

Application of fast oxygen sensors for investigations into air-path dynamics and EGR distribution in a diesel engine

The control of NOX emissions by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is of widespread application. However, despite dramatic improvements in all aspects of engine control, the subtle mixing processes that determine the cylinder-to-cylinder distribution of the recirculated gas often results in a mal-distribution that is still an issue for the engine designer and calibrator. In this paper we demonstrate the application of a relatively straightforward technique for the measurement of the absolute and relative dilution quantity in both steady state and transient operation. This was achieved by the use of oxygen sensors based on standard UEGO (universal exhaust gas oxygen) sensors but packaged so as to give good frequency response (∼ 10 ms time constant) and be completely insensitivity to the sample pressure and temperature. Measurements can be made at almost any location of interest, for example exhaust and inlet manifolds as well as EGR path(s), with virtually no flow disturbance. At the same time, the measurements yield insights into air-path dynamics. We argue that "dilution", as indicated by the deviation of the oxygen concentration from that of air, is a more appropriate parameter than EGR rate in the context of NOX control, especially for diesel engines. Experimental results are presented for the EGR distribution in a current production light duty 4-cylinder diesel engine in which significant differences were found in the proportion of the recirculated gas that reached each cylinder. Even the individual inlet runners of the cylinders exhibited very different dilution rates - differences of nearly 50% were observed at some conditions. An application of such data may be in the improvement of calibration and validation of CFD and other modelling techniques. Copyright © 2014 SAE International.