Investigation on internal electric field distribution of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with Eu2O3 buffer layer

We have found that organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance was highly improved by using europium oxide (Eu2O3) as a buffer layer on indium tin oxide (ITO) in OLEDs based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq(3)), which showed low turn-on voltage, high luminance, and high electroluminescent (EL) efficiency. The thickness of Eu2O3 generally was 0.5-1.5 nm. We investigated the effects of Eu2O3 on internal electric field distributions in the device through the analysis of current-voltage characteristics, and found that the introduction of the buffer layer balanced the internal electric field distributions in hole transport layer (HTL) and electron transport layer (ETL), which should fully explain the role of the buffer layer in improving device performance. Our investigation demonstrates that the hole injection is Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunnelling and the electron injection is Richardson-Schottky (RS) thermionic emission, which are very significant in understanding the operational mechanism and improving the performance, of OLEDs.

Rare-earth metal complexes stabilized by amino-phosphine ligand. Reaction with mesityl azide and catalysis of the cycloaddition of organic azides and aromatic alkynes

Stoichiometric reactions between mesityl azide (MesN(3), Mes = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3) and amino-phosphine ligated rare-earth metal alkyl, LLn(CH2SiMe3) (2)(THF) (L = (2,6-C6H3Me2)NCH2C6H4P(C6H5)(2); Ln = Lu (1a), Sc (1b)), amide, LLu(NH(2,6-(C6H3Pr2)-Pr-i))(2)(THF) (2) and acetylide at room temperature gave the amino-phosphazide ligated rare-earth metal bis(triazenyl) complexes, [L(MesN(3))]Ln[(MesN(3))-(CH2SiMe3)](2) (Ln = Lu (3a); Sc (3b)), bis(amido) complex [L(MesN3)] Lu[NH(2,6-C6H3 Pr-i(2))](2) (4), and bis(alkynyl) complex (5) (L(MesN(3))Lu (C CPh)(2))(2), respectively. The triazenyl group in 3 coordinates to the metal ion in a rare eta(2)-mode via N-beta and N-gamma atoms, generating a triangular metallocycle. The amino-phosphazide ligand, L(MesN(3)), in 3, 4 and 5 chelates to the metal ion in a eta(3)-mode via N-alpha and N-gamma atoms. In the presence of excess phenylacetylene, complex 3a isomerized to 3', where the triazenyl group coordinates to the metal ion in a eta(3) mode via Na and Ng atoms.

Tuning the Energy Level of Organic Sensitizers for High-Performance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Cost-effective organic sensitizers will play a pivotal role in the future large-scale production and application of dye-sensitized solar cells. Here we report two new organic D-pi-A dyes featuring electron-rich 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene- and 2,2'-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-conjugated linkers, showing a remarkable red-shifting of photocurrent action spectra compared with their thiophene and bithiophene counterparts. On the basis of the 3-f{5'-[N,N-bis(9,9-dimethylfluorene-2-yl)phenyl]-2,2'-bis(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-5-yl}2-cyanoacrylic acid dye, we have set a new efficiency record of 7.6% for solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cells based on metal-free organic sensitizers. Importantly, the cell exhibits an excellent stability, keeping over 92% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h accelerated tests under full sunlight soaking at 60 degrees C. This achievement will considerably encourage further design and exploration of metal-free organic dyes for higher performance dye-sensitized solar cells.

High efficiency and stable dye-sensitized solar cells with an organic chromophore featuring a binary pi-conjugated spacer

We employed a binary spacer of orderly conjugated 3,4-ethyldioxythiophene and thienothiophene to construct a wide-spectral response organic chromophore for dye-sensitized solar cells, exhibiting a high power conversion efficiency of 9.8% measured under irradiation of 100 mW cm(-2) air mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) sunlight and an excellent stability.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Organic Sensitizers with Different Conjugated Linkers: Furan, Bifuran, Thiophene, Bithiophene, Selenophene, and Biselenophene

Six organic dyes with different conjugated linkers such as furan, bifuran, thiophene, bithiophene, selenophene, and biselenophene have been prepared in combination with the dihexyloxy-substituted triphenylamine donor and the cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. In conjunction with an acetonitrile-based electrolyte and a solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte, these dyes exhibit 6.88-7.77% and 6.39-7.00% efficiencies, respectively. We have demonstrated that furan and selenophene can be employed as building blocks of sensitizers in stable solar cells for the first time. We have also studied the influence of heteroatoms on photocurrents and photovoltages with the aid of quantum calculations and transient photoelectrical decay measurements. Temperature-dependent electrical impedance experiments have shown that a relatively low external quantum efficiency of the dye with biselenophene linker is not related to the charge collection yield in the case of an acetonitrile electrolyte.

Bilayer Photoresist Insulator for High Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors on Plastic Films

A novel bilayer photoresist insulator is applied in flexible vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The micron-size patterns of this photoresisit insulator can be directly defined only by photolithography without the etching process. Furthermore, these OTFTs exhibit high field-effect mobility (about 0.8 cm(2)/Vs) and current on/off ratio (about 10(6)). In particular, they show rather low hysteresis (< 1 V). The results demonstrate that this bilayer photoresist insulator can be applied in large-area electronics and in the facilitation of patterning insulators.

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of new organic-inorganic haloplumbates complexes (C5H10N3)PbX4 (X = Br, Cl), (C2H2N4)PbBr3

Layered organic-inorganic composite materials (C5H10N3)PbX4 (X = Br 1, Cl 2) containing histaminium dications were grown via a solution-cooling process, and their structure and optical properties were determined. The organic ligand-histaminium introduced into the corner-sharing octahedra of the 'PbX4- layer' contains both primary ammonium and imidazolium different from the traditionally primary amine found in this system. As comparison, another analogous amine of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol was used as ligand to coordinate with PbBr2 in acid solution. A novel complex (C2H2N4)PbBr3 (3) was obtained with zigzag PbBr2 chains different from the PbX4 layer in compound as 1 and 2. The hybrid (C5H10N3)PbX4 show exciton absorption at 339 nm for X = Cl and 419 nm for X = Br with the corresponding emission at 360 and 436 nm, respectively. The different PbBr2 chain structure of compound 3 does not show photo luminescence.

Synthesis, structure and optical properties of different dimensional organic-inorganic perovskites

By varying the substituent position of aminomethyl on pyridine ring in acid solution, different dimensional lead bromide frameworks ranging from zero-dimension and one-dimension to two-dimension were obtained. 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine (2-AMP) or 3-(aminomethyl)pyridine (3-AMP) and PbBr2 construct hybrid perovskites, of which (H(2)2-AMP)PbBr4 (1) exhibits two-dimensional perovskite sheets with special hydrogen bonds and (H(2)3-AMP)PbBr6 (2) shows an uncommon zero-dimensional inorganic framework with isolated octahedra. The characteristic exciton peaks in absorption spectra are located at 431 nm for compound 1 and at 428 nm for compound 2. (H(2)4-AMP)PbBr4 (3) with one-dimensional zigzag edge-sharing octahedral PbBr(4)(2-)chains can be obtained using 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine (4-AMP) as organic component under the same experimental conditions as those for 2-AMP and 3-AMP.

Organic/inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte

The organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized. The organic/inorganic nanocomposites membrane materials and their lithium salt complexes have been found thermally stable below 200 degrees C. The conductivity of the organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes prepared at room temperature was at magnitude range of 10(-6) S/cm. (c) 2007 Li Qi. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.