La santé des aînés : portrait de la santé et de ses déterminants sociaux en ville de Lausanne

L'influence du vieillissement démographique se ressent dans divers secteurs de la société. Le financement des assurances sociales, l'organisation des soins et l'accueil destiné aux aînés doivent être repensés. Une récente analyse de l'Office fédéral de la statistique suggère que l'on vieillit en meilleure santé, avec une meilleure qualité de vie que par le passé. La mise en place de programmes pour un vieillissement en bonne santé s'impose en même temps qu'évolue notre système de santé. Les données actuelles décrivant la population des Lausannois de 65 ans et plus (la cohorte Lc65+) nous invitent à réfléchir à la question. Le présent document est le premier de trois rapports qui présenteront les données de la cohorte Lc65+. Il se fonde principalement sur les informations recueillies durant les années 2010 et 2011, et présentera avant tout les problèmes de santé d'une population âgée entre 68 et 77 ans. Les aspects de la santé seront mis en perspective avec des facteurs sociaux structurels, les déterminants sociaux de la santé. Le rapport se divise en deux parties. La première donne un aperçu de l'état de santé dans la population des seniors domiciliés à Lausanne; les fréquences relatives à chaque indicateur ont été calculées et les résultats présentés sous forme de graphiques ou tableaux. La seconde partie s'attache à évaluer le lien entre les variables de santé et les facteurs socio-économiques. La significativité statistique de l'association (brute, puis ajustée sur le sexe et le groupe d'âge) entre les facteurs socio-économiques et les variables de santé a été testée par des tests du" chi" d'indépendance.

Factum pour François de La Salle, sieur de Clochet, tant pour lui que pour Louis et Suzanne de La Salle, ses neveu et nièce mineurs, et Salomon de La Salle, sieur de Puyrichard,... tous lesdits de La Salle enfants et petits-enfants et héritiers de défunt Jacques de La Salle et de Françoise Penigaud, leur mère,... demandeurs en lettres de rescision du 4 juin 1631,... contre damoiselle Catherine Penigaud, veuve de Barthélemy de Pivert des Gittons, sieur de Chenay...

[Factum. La Salle, Jacques de (Héritiers). 1631?]

Endoscopic low-coherence topography measurement for upper airways and hollow samples.

To evaluate the severity of airway pathologies, quantitative dimensioning of airways is of utmost importance. Endoscopic vision gives a projective image and thus no true scaling information can be directly deduced from it. In this article, an approach based on an interferometric setup, a low-coherence laser source and a standard rigid endoscope is presented, and applied to hollow samples measurements. More generally, the use of the low-coherence interferometric setup detailed here could be extended to any other endoscopy-related field of interest, e.g., gastroscopy, arthroscopy and other medical or industrial applications where tri-dimensional topology is required. The setup design with a multiple fibers illumination system is presented. Demonstration of the method ability to operate on biological samples is assessed through measurements on ex vivo pig bronchi.

A clinical prognostic model for the identification of low-risk patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism and active cancer.

BACKGROUND: Physicians need a specific risk-stratification tool to facilitate safe and cost-effective approaches to the management of patients with cancer and acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The objective of this study was to develop a simple risk score for predicting 30-day mortality in patients with PE and cancer by using measures readily obtained at the time of PE diagnosis. METHODS: Investigators randomly allocated 1,556 consecutive patients with cancer and acute PE from the international multicenter Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica to derivation (67%) and internal validation (33%) samples. The external validation cohort for this study consisted of 261 patients with cancer and acute PE. Investigators compared 30-day all-cause mortality and nonfatal adverse medical outcomes across the derivation and two validation samples. RESULTS: In the derivation sample, multivariable analyses produced the risk score, which contained six variables: age > 80 years, heart rate ≥ 110/min, systolic BP < 100 mm Hg, body weight < 60 kg, recent immobility, and presence of metastases. In the internal validation cohort (n = 508), the 22.2% of patients (113 of 508) classified as low risk by the prognostic model had a 30-day mortality of 4.4% (95% CI, 0.6%-8.2%) compared with 29.9% (95% CI, 25.4%-34.4%) in the high-risk group. In the external validation cohort, the 18% of patients (47 of 261) classified as low risk by the prognostic model had a 30-day mortality of 0%, compared with 19.6% (95% CI, 14.3%-25.0%) in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: The developed clinical prediction rule accurately identifies low-risk patients with cancer and acute PE.

Impaired antibody memory to varicella zoster virus in HIV-infected children: low antibody levels and avidity*.

OBJECTIVE: HIV-infected children have impaired antibody responses after exposure to certain antigens. Our aim was to determine whether HIV-infected children had lower varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibody levels compared with HIV-infected adults or healthy children and, if so, whether this was attributable to an impaired primary response, accelerated antibody loss, or failure to reactivate the memory VZV response. METHODS: In a prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective longitudinal study, we compared antibody responses, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), elicited by VZV infection in 97 HIV-infected children and 78 HIV-infected adults treated with antiretroviral therapy, followed over 10 years, and 97 age-matched healthy children. We also tested antibody avidity in HIV-infected and healthy children. RESULTS: Median anti-VZV immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were lower in HIV-infected children than in adults (264 vs. 1535 IU/L; P<0.001) and levels became more frequently unprotective over time in the children [odds ratio (OR) 17.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.36-72.25; P<0.001]. High HIV viral load was predictive of VZV antibody waning in HIV-infected children. Anti-VZV antibodies did not decline more rapidly in HIV-infected children than in adults. Antibody levels increased with age in healthy (P=0.004) but not in HIV-infected children. Thus, antibody levels were lower in HIV-infected than in healthy children (median 1151 IU/L; P<0.001). Antibody avidity was lower in HIV-infected than healthy children (P<0.001). A direct correlation between anti-VZV IgG level and avidity was present in HIV-infected children (P=0.001), but not in healthy children. CONCLUSION: Failure to maintain anti-VZV IgG levels in HIV-infected children results from failure to reactivate memory responses. Further studies are required to investigate long-term protection and the potential benefits of immunization.