Changes in phosphine sorption in wheat after storage at two temperatures.

BACKGROUND: Wheat can be stored for many months before being fumigated with phosphine to kill insects, so a study was undertaken to investigate whether the sorptive capacity of wheat changes as it ages. Wheat was stored at 15 or 25C and 55% RH for up to 5.5 months, and samples were fumigated at intervals to determine sorption. Sealed glass flasks (95% full) were injected with 1.5 mg L-1 of phosphine based on flask volume. Concentrations were monitored for 11 days beginning 2 h after injection. Some wheat samples were refumigated after a period of ventilation. Several fumigations of wheat were conducted to determine the pattern of sorption during the first 24 h. RESULTS: Phosphine concentration declined exponentially with time from 2 h after injection. Rate of sorption decreased with time spent in storage at either 15 or 25C and 55% RH. Rate of sorption tended to be lower when wheat was refumigated, but this could be explained by time in storage rather than by refumigation per se. The data from the 24 h fumigations did not fit a simple exponential decay equation. Instead, there was a rapid decline in the first hour, with phosphine concentration falling much more slowly thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: The results have implications for phosphine fumigation of insects in stored wheat. Both the time wheat has spent in storage and the temperature at which it has been stored are factors that must be considered when trying to understand the impact of sorption on phosphine concentrations in commercial fumigations.

Eine Erinnerung an den 67. Geburtstag des Herrn Sobernheim (in memory of the 67th birthday of Mr. Sobernheim); Wiesbaden Portraits Groups

Participants include Erna Hirsch, Else Giesenow, Marta Nachmann, Erna Goldschmidt (Goldi), Lotte Strauss, Marta Bruchfeld, Toni Eichenberg, Grete Guthmann, Flora Goldschmidt, Hedwig Trum, Hedel Korhmann, Paula Arendt, Erna Behr and Frl. Minka Friedmann

Structural Changes Accompanying the Formation of Isopentane Glass

On the basis of a detailed Monte Carlo study, it is found that considerable molecular reorientation occurs on the formation of the glassy state of isopentane. The reorientational contribution to the increase in the intermolecular energy on vitrification is at least 50% and reorientational freezing plays a major role near the glass transition. Annealing affects the structure of the glass by a rearrangement involving molecular reorientation.

Culture Condition Dependent Changes Of 4-Thiouridine In The Transfer-Rna Of Azotobacter-Vinelandii

4..T~iouridine, a thionucleoside present in the transfer RNA of the free living, nitrogen-fixing ?actenu~ Azotobacter »inelandii shows a culture condition dependent change. When thebacterium IS grown Intheabsen~e ofanyfixed nit~ogen thetRNA contains 4-thiouridine to theextent of 45% of the total sulphur Incorporated. This gets reduced to 5%when the bacterium is grown in the presen~e of.e~ces~ ofamm~nium salt.Instead, a new thionucleoside which appears to be a derivative of 4-thloundlne IS found In the tRNA to the extent of 28%of the total sulphur incorporated.

Chemical changes during the aging and decomposition of composite solid propellants

During the thermal decomposition of orthorhombic ammonium perchlorate (AP) at 230°C, where the decomposition is only up to 30 wt %, there is an accumulation in the solid of acids, the concentration of which increases up to 15% decomposition, after which it decreases till it reaches the original value. Similar observations have been made in the polystyrene (PS)/AP propellant systems. Aging studies of PS/AP propellants have been carried out earlier [1], where it has been shown that for the aged propellants the thermal decomposition (TD) rate at 230°C and 260°C and ambient pressure burning rate (Image ) both increase and this increase is due to the formation of reactive intermediate “polystyrene peroxide (PSP).” In the present studies it has been observed that during the aging of the propellant at 150°C, the acid is formed and gets accumulated in the propellant, which may also be responsible for the increase in TD rate and perhaps may be more effective than PSP.

Students on the steps of the Lehranstalt fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums (Jewish teachers' seminary); Berlin Institutions; Educational; Schools; Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Students on the steps of the Lehranstalt fuer die Wissenschaft des Judentums (Jewish teachers' seminary); Berlin Institutions; Educational; Schools; Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Effect of L-cystine on macromolecular changes during spore and parasporal crystal formation inBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis

High concentration of L-cystine (0.25%) when present in a glucose-mineral salt medium inhibited sporulation-specific events like protease production, calcium uptake and dipicolinic acid synthesis inBacillus thuringiensis var.thuringiensis. In addition, the enzymes of the Krebs cycle from aconitase onwards were completely inhibited by a high concentration of cystine. At a low concentration of cystine (0.05%), none of the above mentioned macromolecular changes were affected. Lipid synthesis monitored by [1,214 C]-acetate incorporation into lipid as well as into whole cells was completely inhibited.

Functional changes in rat liver mitochondria on administration of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene

Administration of 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminobenzene in the diet (0.1%, w/w) for 85-90 days doubled the content of mitochondria in the livers of rats. The azodye was covalently bound to liver proteins, and about 15% of the amount found in liver was associated with the mitochondrial fraction. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of azodye-fed animals showed drastically lowered ability to oxidize NAD+-linked substrates. The inhibited electron-transfer step was the reduction of ubiquinone. The organelles showed a large increase in succinate oxidase activity. The activity of cytochrome oxidase and the content of cytochrome aa3 were substantially higher in these organelles. Azodye-fed animals showed depressed serum cholesterol concentrations. The content of ubiquinone in liver also registered a small increase.